GOVERNMENT ENGINEERING COLLEGE,

VALSAD

APPLIED SCIENCE AND HUMANITIES DEPARTMENT

MATHEMATIC-2
3110015

TUTORIAL

ACADEMIC YEAR: 2019-20

TERM DATE: JAnuary 20, 2020 TO MAY 21, 2020

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Tutorial:1
Parametrzation of Curves and Line Integrals
Vector Calculus: Parametrization of curves, Arc length of curve in space, Line Integrals,
Vector fields and applications as Work, Circulation and Flux, Path independence, poten-
tial function, piecewise smooth, connected domain, simply connected domain, fundamental
theorem of line integrals, Conservative fields, component test for conservative fields, exact
differential forms, Div, Curl, Green’s theorem in the plane (without proof).

(1) Find the length of the curve described by x = 3t and y = 2t3/2 from t = 0 to t = 3.
t2
(2) Find the length of the curve x = , y = (1/3)(2t + 1)3/2 , 0 ≤ t ≤ 4.
2
(3) Find the length
R of the curve x = cost, y = t + sint, 0 ≤ t ≤ π.
(4) Evaluate C (x + y)ds, where C is the straight-line segment x = t, y = (1–t), z = 0,
from (0, 1,R0) to (1, 0, 0).
(5) Evaluate C (x − y + z − 2)ds , where C is the straight-line segment x = t, y =
(1–t), z =R 1,pfrom (0, 1, 1) to (1, 0, 1).
(6) Evaluate C x2 + y 2 ds along the curve r(t) = (4cost)i + (4sint)j + 3tk, −2π ≤ t ≤
2π.
(7) Find the line integral of f (x, y, z) = x + y + z over the straight line segment from
(1, 2, 3) to (0, −1, 1).
(8) Evaluate line integral of f (x, y) = x + y over C : x2 + y 2 = 4 in the first quadrant
from (2, 0) to (0, 2).
R → − →− →
−
(9) Evaluate C F · dr, where F = (3x − 2y)i + (y + 2z)j − x2 k and C is the parametric
curve x = t, y = t2 , z = t3 between A(0, 0, 0) and B(1, 1, 1).
→
−
(10) Find the work done by the field F = (x2 − y 2 + x)2 i − (2xy + y)j in moving a particle
in the XY -plane A(0, 0) to B(1, 1) along the parabola y 2 = x.
→
−
(11) Find the work done in moving a particle in a force field F = 3xyi − 5zj + 10xk along
the curve = 1 + t2 , y = 2t2 , z = t3 fro t = 1 to t = 2.
→
−
(12) Find the circulation of the field F = (x − y)i + yj + zk around the closed curve
→
−r (t) = costi + sintj, 0 ≤ t ≤ 2π.
→
−
(13) Find the a flow of F = xyi + 2xj + k along the given curve → −
r (t) = ti + tj + tk, 0 ≤
t ≤ 2.
→
−
(14) Find the flux of F = (x − y)i + xj across the circle x2 + y 2 = 1 in xy plane.

CO1: To apply mathematical tools needed in evaluating vector calculus and their usage like
Work, Circulation and Flux.
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Tutorial:2
Conservative Fields
Vector Calculus: Parametrization of curves, Arc length of curve in space, Line Integrals,
Vector fields and applications as Work, Circulation and Flux, Path independence, poten-
tial function, piecewise smooth, connected domain, simply connected domain, fundamental
theorem of line integrals, Conservative fields, component test for conservative fields, exact
differential forms, Div, Curl, Green’s theorem in the plane (without proof).

→
−
(1) If F = x2 zi − 2y 3 z 2 j + xy 2 zk, find ∇F at the point (1, −1, 1).
→
−
(2) If F = (ax2 y + yz)i + (xy 2 − xz 2 )j + (2xyz − 2x2 y 2 )k is Solenoidal, find the Constant
a. →
−
(3) Calculate curl of the vector F = xyzi + 3x2 yj + (xz 2 − y 2 z)k at the point (1, −1, 1).
→
−
(4) Find the value of a, b, c so that the vector F = (x + y + az)i + (bx + 2y − z)j +
(−x + cy + 2z)k may be irrotational.
→
−
(5) Prove that F = 2xyz 2 i + [x2 z 2 + z cos(yz)]j + (2x2 yz + y cos(yz)k is a Conservative
vector field. →
−
(6) A vector field is given by F = (x2 − y 2 − x)i − (2xy + y)j. Show that the field is
irrotational and find its scalar potential.
→
−
(7) Prove that F = (6xy + z 3 )i + (3x2 − z)j + (3xz 2 − y)k is irrotational vector and
→
−
scalar potential such that F = ∇φ.

CO1: To apply mathematical tools needed in evaluating vector calculus and their usage like
Work, Circulation and Flux.
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Tutorial:3
Laplace and inverse Laplace Transform

Laplace Transform and inverse Laplace transform, Linearity, First Shifting Theorem (s-
Shifting), Transforms of Derivatives and Integrals, ODEs, Unit Step Function (Heaviside
Function), Second Shifting Theorem (t-Shifting), Laplace transform of periodic functions,
Short Impulses, Dirac’s Delta Function, Convolution, Integral Equations, Differentiation and
Integration of Transforms, ODEs with Variable Coefficients, Systems of ODEs.

(1) Find Laplace Transform of the following functions.

1. 6e−5t + e3t + 5t3 − 9 2. e3t + cos 6t 3. e4+6t

4. t5 + sin(
2t 5. 2 cos 5t (
sin 2t 6. cos3 2t
t, 0 < t < 4 0, 0<t<π
7. f (t) = 8. f (t) =
5, t > 4 sin t, t > π

(2) Find Laplace transform of the following functions.

1. e−3t (2 cos 5t − 3 sin 5t) 2. e4t sin 2t cos t 3. t3 e−3t

4. t2 cosh 3t e−bt − e−at sin ωt
5. 6.
Rt t t
1 − et 8. 0 e−u cos udu
R x sin x
7. 9. 0 dx
t x
10. tu(t − a) 11. cos tu(t − π) 12. t2 u(t − 3)
13. e−3t u(t − 1) 14. (t − 21 )2 u(t − 12 )

(3) Find the inverse Laplace transform of the following functions.

6s 10 s+2
1. 2. 3.
s2
− 16 (s − 2)4 (s2
+ 4s + 5)2
s + 2s2 + 2
3
s3 3
4. 2 2 5. 4 6. 2
s (s + 1) s − 64 s + 6s + 18
5s2 + 3s − 16 5s + 3 e−2s
7. 8. 2 9. −5
(s − 1)(s − 2)(s − 3) (s + 2s + 5)(s − 1) s
e−s se−2s
10. √ 11. 2
s+1 s + π2
1 s + a
(4) Find the inverse Laplace of log and log .
s s+b

CO2: To apply the laplace transform as tools which are used to solve differential equations
and fourier integral representation.
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Tutorial:4
Convolution product and differential equations with Laplace
transformation
Laplace Transform and inverse Laplace transform, Linearity, First Shifting Theorem (s-
Shifting), Transforms of Derivatives and Integrals, ODEs, Unit Step Function (Heaviside
Function), Second Shifting Theorem (t-Shifting), Laplace transform of periodic functions,
Short Impulses, Dirac’s Delta Function,Convolution, Integral Equations, Differentiation and
Integration of Transforms, ODEs with Variable Coefficients, Systems of ODEs.

(1) Find the convolution of t and et .

(2) Find the convolution of 1 with 1.
(3) Find the inverse Laplace transform of the following functions using convolution prod-
uct
a 1 1
1. 2. 3.
s2 (s2+ a2 ) (s2 + 9)2 s(s2+ 4)

(4) Solve the following differential equations using Laplace transform

(a) y 00 + 2y 0 + y = e−t , y(0) = −1 and y 0 (0) = 1
(b) y 00 + 4y = sin t, y(0) = 1 and y(0) = 0
(c) y 00 + 2y 0 + y = t, y(0) = −3 and y(1) = −1
d2 x dx
(d) 2 + 2 + 5x = e−t sin t, x(0) = 0 and x0 (0) = 1
dt dt

CO1: To apply the laplace transform as tools which are used to solve differential equations
and fourier integral representation.
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Tutorial:5
Fourier Integral
Fourier Integral, Fourier Cosine Integral and Fourier Sine Integral.

(1) Find the Fourier integral representation of the function

(
2; if |x| < 2
f (x) =
0; if |x| > 2
(2) Find the Fourier integral of the function
(
1; if |x| < 3
f (x) =
0; if |x| > 3
(3) Find the Fourier cosine integral of the function

x;
 if 0 < x < 1
f (x) = 2 − x; if 1 < x < 2

0; ifx > 2
(4) Find the Fourier sine integral of the function
(
sin x; if 0 ≤ x < π
f (x) =
0; ifx > π
(5) Find the Fourier cosine integral of the function
(
ex ; if 0 < x < 1
f (x) =
0; ifx > 1
(
R ∞ 1 − cos πω π/2; if0 < x < π
(6) Using Fourier integral prove that 0 sin ωxdω =
ω 0; ifx > π.

CO2: To apply the laplace transform as tools which are used to solve differential equations
and fourier integral representation.
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Tutorial:6
First order ordinary differential equations
First order ordinary differential equations, Exact, linear and Bernoulli’s equations, Equations
not of first degree: equations solvable for p, equations solvable for y, equations solvable for
x and Clairaut’s type.

Solve the following differential equations

(1) Form the differential equations of the following mentioned curves

1. y = Ae2x + Be−2x , A, B ∈ R 2. y = ax − a2 , a ∈ R
3. y = ex (a cos 2x + b sin 2x), a, b ∈ R

(2) Solve the following differential equations

1. yy 0 + 4x = 0 2. 2xydx + x2 dx = 0
3. x(1 + y 2 )dx + 2y(1 + x2 )dy = 0
4. (y 4 + 2y)dx + (xy 3 + 2y 4 − 4x)dy = 0
dy dy
5. dx = sin(x + y) + cos(x + y) 6. dx − y = e2x
dy 2 dy
7. xy − dx = y 3 e−x 8. xy(1 + xy 2 ) dx =1
dy dy
9. dx + y tan x = sin 2x, y(0) = 1 10. dx − y tan x = y 4 sec x
11. (x3 + 3xy 2 )dx + (3x2 y + y 3 )dy = 0
12. (xy 3 +y)dx+2(x2 y 2 +x+y 4 )dy = 0
 2
dy dy
13. x2 dx + xy dx − 6y 2 = 0
 2
dy dy
14. xy dx +(4y 2 −3x2 ) dx −12xy = 0
2
15. p + 2pcoshx + 1 = 0 16. y = 2px − p2
17. p2 y + 2px − y = 0 18. y = xp + (p + 1)3
dy dy dy 20. (xp − y)2 = p2 − 1
19. (x dx − y)(1 − dx
) = dx

CO3: To apply effective mathematical tools for the solutions of first order ordinary differ-
ential equations.
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Tutorial:7
Higher Order Differential Equations-I
Ordinary differential equations of higher orders, Homogeneous Linear ODEs of Higher Order,
Homogeneous Linear ODEs with Constant Coefficients, Euler–Cauchy Equations, Existence
and Uniqueness of Solutions, Linear Dependence and Independence of Solutions, Wronskian,
Nonhomogeneous ODEs, Method of Undetermined Coefficients, Solution by Variation of
Parameters.

(1) Solve the following differential equations

1. y 000 − 3y 00 + 3y 0 − y = 4et 2. D4 − 1 = 0
3. (D3 − 3D2 + 9D − 27)y = ex + cos 3x
d3 y d2 y dy x −
4. dx 2 + dx2 + dx + y = e + e x

5. (D2 + 2D + 2)y = sinh(x) 6. (D2 + 1)y = e2x+3

7. (D4 + 18D2 + 81)y = cos 3x 8. (D3 − D)y = x3
9. (D2 + 3)y = x2 cos x 10. (D2 + 4)y = x sin x

(2) Solve the following differential equations using undetermine coefficient method
(a) y 00 − 4y 0 − 12y = sin x
(b) (D2 + 4)y = 8x2
(c) y 00 − 4y 0 − 12y = −ex + 12x; y(0) = 0, y 0 (0) = 1
(d) y 00 + 2y 0 + 10y = 25x2 + 3
(e) y 00 + 4y = x2 ex

CO4: To apply effective mathematical methods for the solutions of higher order ordinary
differential equations.
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Tutorial:8
Higher Order Differential Equations-II
Ordinary differential equations of higher orders, Homogeneous Linear ODEs of Higher Order,
Homogeneous Linear ODEs with Constant Coefficients, Euler–Cauchy Equations, Existence
and Uniqueness of Solutions, Linear Dependence and Independence of Solutions, Wronskian,
Nonhomogeneous ODEs, Method of Undetermined Coefficients, Solution by Variation of
Parameters.

(1) Solve the following differential equations using the method of Variation of Parameters

1. (D2 + 2D + 1)y = e−x log x 2. y 00 + y = sec x

3. (D − 3D + 9D − 27)y = e + cos 3x 4. y 00 − 3y 0 + 2y = ex
3 2 x

5. (D2 − 2D + 1)y = 3x3/2 ex

6. y 00 − 6y 0 + 9y = e3 x e3x
7. y 00 − 6y 0 + 9y = 2
x

(2) Solve the following differential equations using undetermine coefficient method
(a) x2 y 00 − 2.5xy 0 − 2y = 0
(b) x2 y 00 − 4xy 0 + 6y = 21x−4
(c) (x2 D2 − 3xD + 4)y = x2 ; y(1) = 1, y 0 (1) = 0
d2 y dy
(d) (x + 1)2 2 + (x + 1) + y = 4 cos(log(1 + x))
dx dx
2
2d y dy
(e) (2x + 3) − 2(2x + 3) − 12y = 6x
dx2 dx
d2 y dy
(f) (x + 1)2 2 + 4(x + 1) + 2y = x + 1
dx dx

CO4: To apply effective mathematical methods for the solutions of higher order ordinary
differential equations.
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Tutorial:9
Power series solution of differential equations
Series Solutions of ODEs, Special Functions, Power Series Method, Legendre’s Equation,
Legendre Polynomials, Frobenius Method, Bessel’s Equation, Bessel functions of the first
kind and their properties.

(1) Classify the singularities of the following differential equations

(a) y 00 + (x3 + x2 + 2)y 0 − 5(x2 − 4x − 2)y = 0
(b) y 00 + y = 0
(c) x2 y 00 + xy 0 + (x2 − n2 )y = 0, n ∈ N
(d) (1 − x2 )y 00 − 2xy 0 + n(n + 1)y = 0, n ∈ N
(e) 2x(x − 2)2 y 00 + 3xy 0 + (x − 2)y = 0
(2) determine the series solution of the following differential equations
(a) y 00 + y = 0 about x = 0
(b) y 00 = 2y 0 in powers of x
(c) (x2 + 1)y 00 + xy 0 − xy = 0 near x = 0.
d2 y
(d) + x2 y = 0
dx2
(3) Obtain the series solution of the following differential equations using Frobenius
method
d2 y dy
(a) 2x2 2 + x + (2x2 − 3)y = 0
dx dx
d2 y dy
(b) x 2 + + xy = 0
dx dx
2
dy dy
(c) x 2 + 2 + xy = 0
dx dx
(d) x2 y 00 + x3 y 0 + (x2 − 2)y = 0
(e) x(x − 1)y 00 + (3x − 1)y 0 + y = 0

CO5: To use series solution methods and special functions like Bessels’ functions.