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Differential Leveling

Differential leveling is used to determine elevation differences between points by taking rod readings with a leveling instrument set up at multiple locations along a route. It requires backsight readings on points of known elevation and foresight readings on points of unknown elevation. Benchmarks provide fixed points of known elevation and can be permanent markers established by land survey agencies or temporary points set by a surveyor. The leveling process involves running a line of levels between benchmarks, taking turns between backsights and foresights at intervening turning points to transfer the leveling instrument along the route.

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Kim Alexis Namia
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670 views2 pages

Differential Leveling

Differential leveling is used to determine elevation differences between points by taking rod readings with a leveling instrument set up at multiple locations along a route. It requires backsight readings on points of known elevation and foresight readings on points of unknown elevation. Benchmarks provide fixed points of known elevation and can be permanent markers established by land survey agencies or temporary points set by a surveyor. The leveling process involves running a line of levels between benchmarks, taking turns between backsights and foresights at intervening turning points to transfer the leveling instrument along the route.

Uploaded by

Kim Alexis Namia
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Differential Leveling Turning Point (TP)

 process of determining the difference in  A turning point is an intervening point


elevation between two or more points some between two bench marks upon which point
distance apart. foresight and backsight rod readings are
 requires a series of set ups of the taken, and is sometimes referred to as
instrument along the general route and for change point.
each set up a rod reading back to the point
Height of Instrument (HI) (height of
of known elevation and forward to a point of
Collimation)
unknown elevation are taken.
 It is the elevation of the line of sight of an
Benchmark
instrument above or below a selected
 a fixed point of reference whose elevation is reference datum. Height of instrument can
either known or assumed. be determined by adding the backsight to a
known or assumed elevation of the initial
Permanent bench mark BM.
 established at intervals throughout the
country by the Philippine Coast and
Geodetic Surveys (PCGS) or the Bureau
of Lands.
 consists of bronze or brass disks which are
permanently set on concrete foundations.
 marked with elevations above sea level, the
year it was established and its reference
number.
Temporary bench marks
 set by surveyor for his own use in a
particular surveying project and may have
assumed elevations.
Backsight (BS)
 A reading taken on a rod held on a point of
a known elevation or assumed elevation.
 frequently referred to as plus (+) sights
since they are added to the elevation of the
points being sighted to determine the height
of the instrument.
Foresight (FS)
 A reading taken on a rod held on a point
whose elevation is to be determined.
Backsight Distance (BSD)
 distance measured from the center of the
instrument to the rod on which a backsight
is taken.
Foresight Distance (FSD)
 horizontal distance from the center of the
instrument to the rod on which a foresight is
taken.
Differential Leveling Procedures
1. A line of levels is run from BMA to BMB
2. Leveling instrument is set-up at any convenient
location along the level route and backsight is taken
on a rod held vertically on BMA.
3. The rodman moves forward along the general
direction of BMB and hold the rod at a convenient
turning point (TP1). (Making sure that the backsight
distance is approximately equal to the foresight
distance.)
4. Then, the level is transferred again, and a
backsight is taken at (TP1) and foresight at (TP2).
Repeat procedures until foresight is taken on BMB.

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