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Appendix A Conversion Factors Between Unit Systems

The document provides conversion factors between different unit systems for various quantities including permeability, temperature, volume, density, rate of flow, mass, velocity, viscosity, kinematic viscosity, and length. It includes 10 tables that list the multiplication factors needed to convert between common units for each quantity, such as millidarcies to darcies for permeability, Fahrenheit to Celsius for temperature, cubic inches to cubic meters for volume, and inches to meters for length.

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167 views8 pages

Appendix A Conversion Factors Between Unit Systems

The document provides conversion factors between different unit systems for various quantities including permeability, temperature, volume, density, rate of flow, mass, velocity, viscosity, kinematic viscosity, and length. It includes 10 tables that list the multiplication factors needed to convert between common units for each quantity, such as millidarcies to darcies for permeability, Fahrenheit to Celsius for temperature, cubic inches to cubic meters for volume, and inches to meters for length.

Uploaded by

misterkoro
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Appendix A

Conversion Factors
B e t w e e n Unit S y s t e m s

Table A-1
Permeability Conversions

To convert from To Multiply by Inverse

mD Darcy 1.000000E-03 1.000000E+03


mD meter 2 (m 2) 9.86923E-16 1.01325E+15
mD centimeter 2 (cm 2) 9.86923E-12 1.01325E+11
mD micrometer 2 (#m 2) 9.86923E-04 1.01325E-A)3

mD (cm3/s)cP 1.00000E-03 1.00000E-F03


cmZ(atm/cm)

mD (cm 3/s)cP 9.86923 E-10 1.01325 E-F09


cmZ[(dyne/cmZ)/cm]
(ft3/s)cP
mD 7.32441E-08 1.36530E-F07
ft2(psi/ft)
(ft3/s)cP
mD 3.41780E-11 2.9258 5E+l 0
cm2[(cm water)/cm]
(B/D)cP
mD 1.12712E--03 8.87217E+02
ft2(psi/ft)
(gal/min)cP
mD 1.42515E-05 7.01681E+04
ft2 [(ft water)/ft]
mD ft 2 1.06232E-14 9.41340E+13

Table A-2
Temperature Conversions

~ ~ ~ K

Degree Fahrenheit 1.000 (~ 32)/1.8 ~ + 459.67 (~ + 459.67)/1.8


(~
Degree Celsius (~ 1.8(~ + 32 1.000 1.8(~ + 491.67 ~ + 273.15
Degree Rankine (~ ~ 459.67 (~ - 491.67)/1.8 1.000 ~
Kelvin (K) 1.8(K) - 459.67 K - 273.15 1.8(K) 1.000

577
578 Oil Well Testing H a n d b o o k

Table A - 3
Volume Conversion Multiplication Factors

in3 ft 3 cm 3 m3

Cubic inches (in 3) 1.0 5.787035 x 10 -4 1.638706 • 10 1.638706 • 10 -5


Cubic feet (ft 3) 1.728 x 103 1.0 2.831685 • 104 2.831685 x 10 -2
Cubic centimeters 6.102376 • 10 -2 3.531466 • 10 -5 1.0 1.000 x 10 -6
(cm 3)
Cubic meters (m 3) 6.102376 • 104 3.531466 • 10 1.000 x 106 1.0

Table A - 4
Density Conversion Multiplication Factors

gm/cm 3 lb/ft 3 kg/l kg/m 3

gm/cm 3 1.0 6.242797 x 10 1.0 1.000 • 103


lb/ft 3 1.601846 x 10 - 2 1.0 1.601846 • 10 - 2 1.601846 x 10
kg/1 1.0 6.242797 x 10 1.0 1.000 x 103
kg/m 3 1.000 • 10 -3 6.242797 x 10 -2 1.0 x 10 -3 1.0

Table A-5
Rate of Flow Conversion Multiplication Factors

ft3/min US gal/day bbl]day m3/s

ft3/min 1.0 1.077195 x 104 2.564749 x 102 4.719474 x 10 -4


US gal/day 9.283374 x 10 -5 1.0 2.380952 x 10 -2 4.381264 x 10 -8
bbl/day 3.899017 x 10 -3 42.0 1.0 1.840131 x 10 -6
m3/s 2.11888 x 103 2.282477 x 107 5.434396 x 105 1.0

Table A-6
Mass Conversion Multiplication Factors

Ounces Pounds Metric ton Kilograms


(avoir) (oz) (avoir) (lb) (t) (tonne) (kg)

Ounces 1.0 6.25 x 10 - 2 2.834952 x 10 -5 2.834952 z 10 - 2


Pounds 16.0 1.0 4.535924 x 10 -4 4.535924 x 10 -1
Metric ton 3.527397 x 104 2.204622 x 103 1.0 1.000 x 103
Kilograms 3.527397 x 10 2.204622 1.000 x 10 -3 1.0
Appendix A 579

Table A-7
Velocity Conversion Multiplication Factors

ft[s ft[min ft]h m/s


ft/s 1.0 60.0 3600.0 3.048000 x 10 -1
ft/min 1.666666 x 10 -2 1.0 60.0 5.080000 x 10 -1
ft/h 2.777777 x 10 -4 1.666666 x 10 -2 1.0 8.466667 x 10 -5
m/s 3.28084 1.968504 x 102 1.181102 x 104 1.0

Table A-8
Viscosity (Absolute) Conversion Multiplication Factors

Pascal second
cP poise g/(cm s) lb(fl s) (Pa s)
Centipoise 1.0 1.00 x 10 -2 6.719689 • 10 -4 1.000000 x 10 -3
poise g/(cm s) 100.0 1.0 6.719689 x 10 -2 1.000 x 10 -1
lb/(ft s) 1.488164 x 103 1.488164 x 10 1.0 1.488164
Pascal second 1.000 x 103 10.0 6.719689 x 10 -1 1.0
(Pas)

Table A-9
Kinematic Viscosity: Absolute Viscosity in Mass Units Divided
by Mass Density Conversion Factors

gm/cm 3 lb/ft 3 kg/l kg]m 3

gm/cm 3 1.0 6.242797 x 10 1.0 1.000 x 103


lb/ft 3 1.601846 x 10 -2 1.0 1.601846 x 10 -2 1.601846 x 10
kg/1 1.0 6.242797 x 10 1.0 1.000 x 103
kg/m 3 1.000 x 10 -3 6.242797 x 10 -2 1.0 x 10 -3 1.0

Table A-IO
Land Measurement Conversion Multiplication Factors

gm/cm 3 lb]ft 3 kg/l kg/m 3

gm/cm 3 1.0 6.242797 x 10 1.0 1.000 x 103


lb/ft 3 1.601846 x 10 -2 1.0 1.601846 x 10 -2 1.601846 x 10
kg/1 1.0 6.242797 x 10 1.0 1.000 x 103
kg/m 3 1.000 x 10 -3 6.242797 x 10 -2 1.0 x 10 -3 1.0

1 League = 3 miles, 1 square mile = 640 acres, 1 township - 36 square miles, 1 section = 1 square
mile, 1 r o d - 16.5 feet.
t~
fj~
e=+
~=,.
=
0"Q
Table A - I 1
Length Conversion Multiplication Factors
O
Centimeter Kilometer O

Inches (in) Feet (ft) Yards (yd) Miles (mi) (cm) Meter (m) (km)
I n c h e s (in) 1.0 8.333333 x 10 -2 2.777778 x 10 -2 1.578282 x 10 -5 2.540 2.540 x 10 -2 2.540 x 10 -5
F e e t (ft) 12.0 1.0 3.333333 x 10 -1 1.893939 x 10 -4 30.480 3.048 x 10 -1 3.048 x 10 -4
Y a r d s (yd) 36.0 3.0 1.0 5.681818 x 10 -4 91.44 9.144 x 10 -1 9.144 x 10 -4
Miles (mi) 6.336003 x 104 5.280 x 103 1.760 x 103 1.0 1.609344 x 105 1.609344 x 103 2.609344
C e n t i m e t e r (cm) 3.937008 x 10 -1 3.28084 x 10 -2 1.093613 x 10 -2 6.213712 x 10 -6 1.0 1.000 x 10 -2 1.000 x 10 -5
M e t e r (m) 39.37008 3.28084 1.093613 6.213712 x 10 -4 100.0 1.0 1.000 x 10 -3
K i l o m e t e r ( k m ) 39.37008 x 103 3.28084 x 103 1.093613 x 103 6.213712 x 10 -1 1.000 x 105 1.000 x 103 1.0
Table A - 1 2
Area Conversion Multiplication Factors

ft 2 mi 2 cm 2 m2 km 2
in2

6.944444 x 10 -3 2.490977 x 10 -10 6.451600 6.451600 x 10 -4 6.451600 x 10 -1~


Square inches (in 2) 1.0
1.440 • 102 1.0 3.587007 • 10 -8 9.290304 • 10 2 9.290304 • 10 - 2 9.290304 x 10 -8
Square feet (ft 2)
4.014489 • 109 2.787840 x 107 1.0 2.589988 x 101~ 2.589988 x 106 2.589988
Square miles (mi 2)
1.550 • 10 -1 1.076391 x 10 -3 3.861022 x 10 -11 1.0 1.000 x 10 .4 1.000 x 10 -1~
Square centimeters (cm 2)
10.763910 3.861022 x 10 -7 1.000 • 104 1.0 1.000 • 10 -6
Square meters (m 2) 1.550 • 103
1.550 x 109 1.076391 • 1 0 7 3.861022 • 10 - 1 1.000 • 101~ 1.000 • 1 0 6 1.0
Square kilometers (km 2)

1 A c r e = 4 3 , 5 6 0 ft 2, 1 d a r c y = 1000 m D , 1 m D = 9.86 x 10 -16 m 2 = 9.86 x 10 -12 c m 2 - - 1.127 x 10 -3 ( B / D ) c P / f t 2 ( p s i / f t ) .

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Table A - 1 3
Liquid Volume Conversion Multiplication Factors
O
O
gal UK gal bbl (oil) ft 3 1 m 3

G a l l o n s (US) (gal) 1.0 8.326739 • 10 -1 2.380952 • 10 -2 1.336805 • 10 -1 3.785412 3.785412 • 10 -3


I m p e r i a l gallons ( U K gal) 1.200950 1.0 2.859406 • 10 -2 1.605437 • 10 -1 4.546092 4.546092 • 10 -3
Barrels (oil, 42 gal) (bbl) 42.0 3.497230 • 10 1.0 5.614583 1.589873 • 102 1.589873 • 10 -1
C u b i c feet (ft 3) 7.48052 6.228833 1.781076 • 10 -1 1.0 2.831685 • 10 2.831685 x 10 -2
Liters (L) 2.641720 • 10 -1 2.199692 • 10 -1 6.289810 • 10 -3 3.531466 • 10 -2 1.0 1.000 x 10 -3
C u b i c meters (m 3) 2.641720 • 102 2.199692 • 102 6.289810 3.531466 • 10 1.000 • 103 1.0
Table A-14
Pressure Conversion Multiplication Factors

atm bar lbf/in 2 kgf/cm 2 inHg (32 ~ mmHg (32 ~ ftH20 Pa


a t m (std) 1.0 1.013250 1.46960 • 10 1.033228 2.992133 x 10 7.600 • 10 2 3.389952 x 10 1.013250
bar 9.869233 x 10 -1 1.0 1.450377 x 10 1.019716 2.953006 x 10 7.500638 x 10 2 3.345623 x 10 1.000000
lbf/in 2 (psi) 6.804573 x 10 -2 6.894757 • 10 - 2 1.0 7.030695 X 10 - 2 2.036026 5.171507 x 10 2.306730 6.894757
kgf/cm 2 9.678411 x 10 -1 9.806650 x 10 -1 1.422334 x 10 1.0 2.895909 x 10 7.355613 x 102 3.280935 x 10 9.806650
inHg (32~ 3.342097 x 10 - 2 3.386380 x 10 - 2 4.911529 • 10 - l 3.453147 x 10 - 2 1.0 2.54 x 102 1.132955 3.386380
mmHg (32~ 1.315789 x 10 -3 1.333220 x 10 -3 1.933672 x 10 - 2 1.359506 x 10 -3 3.93701 x 10 - 2 1.0 4.460451 x 10 -2 1.333220
ft H 2 0 ( 3 9 . 2 ~ 2.949894 x 10 - 2 2.988980 x 10 -2 4.335149 x 10 -1 3.047912 x 10 - 2 8.826475 X 10 -1 2.241926 x 10 1.0 2.988980
Pa 9.869233 x 10 - 6 1.000 x 10 -5 1.450377 x 10 - 4 1.019716 x 10 -5 2.953006 x 10 - 4 7.500638 • 10 - 3 3.345623 x 10 - 4 1.0

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584 Oil Well Testing Handbook

Table A-15
Conversion of Common Field Units to Metric (SI) Units (Base conditions:
Field 60 ~ 14.65 psia; Metric (SI) 15 ~ 101.325kPa)

Multiplication
Field Unit Factor Metric (SI) u n i t Symbol
Acre 4.046856E+03 Square meter m2
Acre 4.046856E-01 Hectare ha
Acre-foot 1.233482E+03 Cubic meter m3
Atmosphere 1.01325E+02 Kilopascal kPa
Barrel (35 imp. gal.) 1.589873E-01 Cubic meter m3
Btu per standard cubic 8.799136E-01 Kilojoule per mole kj/mol
foot (60 ~F, 14.65 psia)
Centipoise 1.0E+00 Millipascal mPa* s
Cubic foot 2.831685E-01 Cubic meter m3
Cubic foot gas per gallon 7.494773E+00 Mole per cubic mol/m 3
(60 ~ 14.65 psia) meter
Darcy 9.869233E-01 Square micrometer #m 2
Degree Fahrenheit ( ~ 32)5/9E+00 Degree Celsius ~
Degree Rankine 5/9E+00 Kelvin K
Gallon (Cdn) 4.54609E-03 Cubic meter m3
Gallon (US) 3.785412E-03 Cubic meter m3
Gas constant 8.31432E+00 Joule per mole J/(mol*K)
kelvin
Mcf (thousand cubic 1.191574E-+00 Kilomole kmol
foot) (60 ~ 14.65 psia) 2.826231E-+-01 cubic meter (API) m 3 API
Millidarcy 9.869233E-04 Square micrometer #m 2
MMcf (million cubic foot) 1.191574E+00 Megamole mmol
(60 ~ 14.65 psia) 2.826231E+01 cubic meter (API) m 3 API
Pound-force per square 6.894757E+00 Kilopascal kPa
inch (psi)
Pound-mass 4.535924E-01 Kilogram kg
Psi per foot 2.262059E+01 Kilopascal per KPa/m
meter
Section (540 acres) 2.589988E+06 Square meter m2
Section (640 acres) 2.589988E-+02 Hectare ha
Standard cubic foot 1.191574E-+00 Mole mol
(60 ~F, 14.65 psia-ideal gas) 2.826231E-02 cubic meter (API) m 3 API
Tcf (trillion cubic foot) 1.191574E +00 Teramole Tmol
(60 ~ 14.65 psia) 2.826231E-02 cubic meter (API) m 3 API
Ton (US s h o r t - 2000 lb) 9.071847E-01 Tonne t
Ton (UK l o n g - 2240 lb) 1.016047E+00 Tonne t

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