] ee Module -03 COMA Technolog Anutha p @ Trbodeuct{ do a Pref ECEY g yodction COMA: ty CEM or CDMmp~ coas Statin 4o be deve c veloped by Quatomm Corporation em 1984. THES d erent 9 continued fato the early 1990's ak which Gin a Coma technolo: . Fe cons acceplel fpr He 1% OP atr tnlerface clandard - eration a) nekeso7k began op: have beer used ?o both th * Code Difsion Multiple Acces “The fist COMA comme Hong kong fo iqas. COMA Systern~ cetlutay and PCS band» extenstvely - . * coma has experienced very vapFa Z + a . +o contave ants Twa as one of the prong techno i the eventeat cepioyment oh 30 celdudar 9 One coma fam another - QE) COMA. &- coma +o be Tmplernented , Ts-45> epecif) fa the 800-MHz ¢ Amps and coma. “this fesst clandard define’ and bare statton veyukrements that coould ense7® corapadt EF tity fe both AMPS and COMA operation. ye TSA 6 the bas?s ir many 2 gnstalled around the wortd. the DS-I54 Standard je shadwe 4 wide band basmit2 COMA channelx | to provide power conke!, coll prc ied c Evolution 9 xe the fest form at deta. node of operation the. commercial Q& COMA Systems desatbes th +ne operations neccessar _essr hance and miehatfon proecare n FT aa operation .Gy ©) aie ~\N Is-93, ) ; : Al tase stati Switch Is te ase station eee corner cellule cewice FPq - f 9 TyPF cal components of a colmat Niw = ae 4 8G COMA: BJ eonelees N or 36 CDMA shen - le 4ne TU approred arcs: & Camag000 &s the tam used | the five pr % Cdmagooo clas One Sneration C2) stand for rmT-8000 thisd- 2a the wide 5 oh cpmA: band enhanced versio nd, Prove ErA-ge-B 3 CDMA 8000 cpustimedia Sey vices. %& le fs backed compaifole cor aA port for data services up te ambps and advanced qaxto technol fea. 3k There are 400 verstonn of 1xEV Cevotetionnng ) fee. [XEV-DO Gakaonly ) and 4xeV- DV Crate - voice). | eS ANEY PO can Support Qsyamrmeh? cal peas of og | ‘mbps 19 the doconlink dfseckion and 1S3kbps Pa th { Stredion - 2 upiink | | 4% dxEV- DV can sup ak % abe a up to 3 mbps oer aap i 4 voice and cata ca spn -IP network architecheare. | { | 1 |frothe Pe hat haf my LEM YJechnology tat fs bared oo fhe ial techniyue thas emble t fh both Hme and CDMA basics & * ©, ome ’s a toulliple - access DC ni of wrdeband epuod pease di Separation °4 Signals that Gre Conuren % All sfqnaly %o th? s en ths SySlere Shave the Aame 0p er spectoum Stroutlanecusly . i _— red 4 culpa po * CDMP slerps Are cong designed to Limit the 4 ol cath Ramemicsion to the Quart ‘arrcunt oh power necesso7g -foo pooper operation te coxmbioed with DMA -freyo ency . and TOMA technology se COMMA can alo 4o faurexe ayer capacity. Foeyueny PRands & ler con be deploy for de jo tHe eats cellular da and. the personal corernu.ni ce banda cium apo be allowed io +e necaly id ollO- ald x CDMA focyneny J MPS YIWE $f ow Pow | [pecs |{ reac v00|ved Figure - Detafls of the nekoook nodes feand in a cdr 000Mobi ite -Servicex Goftchi x tebieg cenker and Nfsifor Location Re isi tching center (msc) Sgepves Ap the Base Statioe eubsysten(®55) for the extablishme cupsorioers: * 4 oe Coma mobile-Services Sod! 0 Jace between the PstN and the * The Msc perform the funetton necessar dhe Sysians mobile “at of calls to and -f20 40 conjunction wi > Adittionally , the msc- needed fo perm skem elements, provides the functionality —SaPoer conti ty and 200T'7)* ster (VLR) fun e contarnin femporarg be needed contol peration> and the fF" the mobile> currently veg ction 7s colocaled wait the MS Fhooerofion about msc Po the the 2a the x \lsttor locatioo ovides & Cataber VLR P the perfomance of cout Psion! choed o| Gubsarber Service msgc | vLe sewice Ceo Funckioo (ewe) & In the earl comA Systems? the TWF node ts the ont yee pln we ess TMIY and the pack pebioorbC PBN): le prow direc opnnecio® io the PON © pack el dota calls ody , tne IWF aypfeall pq BA msc and for the exchng *K Fotercooabig des a yore the PDN: ‘an choo px qwr's packer dota analer { an cama d000 » the ackek COTE network (pen) element - angen by the P%® Mobfite Posttionin System: @aPs) q. ts to be used for sed oo the GPS and > this mps % Smergenay services. The abtitg to focale the cater Fs knowwn os Enhanced 9i1 oy E4|I- ic marked, > lt provider “locaton- based Services” o7 Locakion - specif ~| tools . > For phased of the wireless E91) program , the cellular 3434m Mast be able fo fell a local public Sajery aNswering point (psAp) +h . le Location of the cellulay antenna that Ps handling the emer cau. i Oa —S In phased, the Mps uses a fon of tmobile-assfskd EPS and ‘Pfangutation +o dolermine the latitude and Longitude of He Mobile coithin GO to 100 melers- i j * Onifred Messaging | votce Mail Sesvice : /—> cCeimasooo Famrepates a e-makl and voice mafl’ access: -> Thre node ppovides a messaging watting Padi cation cestng, sms and amulkiple message rebrievad moder inchuecting the ube s either O Web or ywAP boowser- Of DTMF OF oe HERI ACE > the home Location Regickr CHLR) and Authentication center | °. 000 Systems. (ac) ae ry preaty colocated ta ccimac00o ys subsavber Phlomation in & datdbose fore | _s she HER hodx hak PS used by the (en oudivilg: aye -to manos the Subsiber device~~» HER Toctudes the SDESN , cletala of the Subscr?ber @ Sewice plan ony service @eshFctionn susfiealion f° a 4 and the Raentifi cation ¢ > Ac provides a Seture database {07 the authentrcaton of ‘enobPle Aubsafbers eOhen they Pirst vegtsier with tHe ays and eae cat ortgtnation and coll 421691 D QHOS - “She Ac Us Shued Secret data (sso) for custhentteabron cosets =1ons. xe ppce and other Nodes § —S the Poepatd cating Service Cpecs) ode provides a peepots Cating Service using the Subsatber> home Jocation area MS~ _s This ede Provides the mso coith Fofoseation about the gab _satber with actount balance Pnfosmation » enrshaki oo Sige (peAS) provides Ihe Subeu? bel — the prepaid ade account balance Prformation to Phe Pres me % Base Station Subsysm § (ess) ce Statioo conteall er (es) anda > BSS constats of On€ bar he radio bare pi Crass) controled *y ae —> the ess provider the mobile subsotber sn oe ee an gre aot epstiched COE porccor (PSEN) FROM Lg packet an Poterfoce Jo we publte data wekenork (POND Heo] pe ehicovk (pen): ation of all te COM cle that overseca +thets operation ix goterface * cme > the cosmbin § BSS's and the wad?o pokerork TAH! ernent sy NOON AS the COMA aadto acess gekwoak 0+ C-RAN-€ Base Station Conpaller C85) —> tt Po the Poterface Dla the msc, the the Same System and atl of the vadfo % conbols- > ltE provider roukin of data packels Pen, other BSS fy bane stationx that bln the PCN and the LBS's , gadfo resource alLocakion » system firming and ee ~zakioo » sys pace conbol, all hand} | procedtrer « * Rad?o Base Stadion (RBS) Subsa? > RBS provider the Porterpace bla the BSC and the iy interface - ~ber devices theough the conmsmen ot > the encom provided by the RES jocl e coma encoding and clecoding of the Ssubsuriber pbx fic e step Hsing anc Preyeeen’ references \ deations ar Ih of r J envtroomental co! ude 1g as needed. Pavan ft rol un? Power Supplies an 2K Palol?e Land mobile —> PLMN provides rspobr Subsatbers and typically consysts —5 Sulpnetenor ks are knows oF CCN, PCN SNN , C-RAN- —> PLMN cubserfber hase access to the PSTN and the Pon Nelwwosk (PLAN) Subnekeoor k 3 ndless © COmyMuNicahion gevvices to of several funcional Cusbnetecar le vot rough rhese Subnelworbs-- cole''ntenemn Cochi2 RR * ; nusho. Ls = Cheuft cone Nekooak CCCN) 8 ie Pace @ ce 14 Ss ce the Switching -Puncionx necessary to complete sth and from the mobfle Subsu?ber fo the PstN- @ Major nekomb element in the CON fs the MS$C- > The msc profder chouft awitching and provider peatures Such as call char ing, subseber soamin Support and maintenance ci Subscriber database - d XK COMA Rai Access Nekeork CO-RAN) > Cran provides the Fotealpce peteween the corse ess celwar * Gabsafber and cen: . (> the CCN consists o mse and other austen componen's coe “ 4o the Pstn {er all crsmit- eurtcbed voice & | coith comnechon~ ’ Network. | data calls const: cnttteple Bess and SHme for of \-> c-RAN Con fot of 4 ee dn Raudto Network A er stern (RN): ann pe iole BSS's- and smancigerer (08 support ee eoeiP lee packet core Nekoork § (Nn) ( nN coma Rado - | ard Cccoss Netumt ——F bere’ | Geen) ber pert i ABA — ae Sewer | [xe Sy sto | ae | TP” 3s Posn Lee ayeorei| _ if [ee a J [et | 4he cdrmd000 | pas rt ae } ~ 7 ret core, Agent gt - = i bss #3 Lois feaberibel ~ Devices* tee ffaure clepfels Ine elements Of the PEA! and ther Toler nnedion “to each other and the adakfonship of, the PEN fo ; the PON and the C-RAN- * Pon provides a Standard inherferce {7 corress - packel- -SiWPtd + data Sevvice belween the CRAN and he Public Data, Nekador! 2 The PCN provfctes the Necessary Ifhx fo varPous EP Mee +o and -fxom the C-RAN- j 4 x% The Pen typPeatly cons?s}s “4 4hree main hardware anodes : 4 th the authentication, authorPeation and “Accounting Server: 1 &, the Home Agent (Ha) 3. the packet dato na? mode €psn)- 41. The authentication , authosPzation and Accounting (GAA) Serer s —> AAA Server both outhenti coutes and authorizes the Subsatbe device +o mpeg re available ‘atte gervices and applicad To dacklitale Ps operakion, +he AAA Server ne dajabase thot contafnx weer profiler: Q. thé Home Agent CHA) 8 tank o fosecoadiin all packets shat are —> HA has the ubscrPber devite (90) to the PDSN over desxtred for the an EP metro: _y the PSN ahon -gendx the packet to the sp via the C-RAN and the common afr Rajerface: To be able to peor 4Ren operdtion the HA Io conjunction wotth the PDSN cushente _ales modoile TP rerishation fave the Mobile Subsar'ber, perform SO egisterahoo maintains Curent Location Fofortoalfoolo the 99; dnd performs thi - per ox the necessary packet tunnel di N etework Management System 2 Medes wireless cellular systems oraploy sophfett 9 pektOork Management Susie JO ohh Fars il d oversee. the operatoo % on | * tapteal netuoook rocrnagement stems constsis 1S gererad ern of eoamag erent ails deal “worth variou> evel» 4 the Popiosue a. nebeoosk me" pagemen’ enent lop Do nekoosk heat Level Ps ed Subneteoork man kK clement saan % At the hr System , then thee Ps as the Sernort » Dor ekw0oy Gnd. then syste Nekuw07k manager _> the highet devel of saree snanag oment gee overarching \yteuws a he entire Aekwosls rai of he eubnekcooskx shat compriscr: >the Sysiro rely F poowfdles ntegpated graphical views 4 yhe complet qelean and gnodula’y So; rears appl iahioox be used 10 support the sper. ndionx thak a cofrdless aekeoork that Ty _s There ore basteally s fa management System corll perform : Nekeoork Surverllance OF Poult ana amet ie g. Peoformance Tmamagernent3. a Rouble fmaneg ement 5. Secu? : Configuration smanagement 4 soma ements 1. Foal a cna iEsmomagemert 7s concerned With the ddection, Fsolation, count ¥, Of nekoork problem to prevent netenork fants -foom iq acceptable nekecosk clegradtation or aon time | concerned with the a- e3-Lor man . P 4 ce Management funciona are ymMance Stab? gpibentn and epost! 4 of aelevant network pee —sit oa can be used to continously analyze netuods K Oper 3. rouble smanagement fundionx abtess -for the dsp and Ocusrrences that have ag pected the cotth the ability to person povolred 70 Sulbseyuent dest Fpkion a netecork and also provide the operator COrmunicate thix 0 loymation to Other the maintenance NN e nebwotk: ation THanagement -fundtionx are ured to Support he cuden titration and conpiguseloo of he peieoork- 5. Seouity senernag omen’ Punchonx manage user accounls and he ability 4o conkol and oct usep-lbared access (ovela~ h. Conftqu provide Sulbneteo Management and Element Management 3 => Subnetcoork marnargement platform» provide ma nagerent of the clrcuft, packet ‘ond radio nektomka that compose the prcad cpmA syshe manag ement cysem 7s main! concesned with the COMA m0) center. Lt provides fault, performance, configuration, hardware management funtiona that Sapport ihe The cPratt core peki003k bile —servicee Suortdhs oftware &Perattor Of thx pastfurlay petvoork element at the Subnetevork level. The COMA-RAN management Syskm Pa 10 Conceimed with coma base station Subsystems le Ihovtdes the olerr of he bt ity to con figure the wadto and Nnetuonk param Systm Gees. Element management referr to the ability +0 indes}ace dFrecky WP a nekoosk element “Hovourh a crope data port: stem Cosmmun?cation Links & started to add feber-oplic- 3 Coma eyuipment vendor have interfaces to detivey SONET Signo ok ceteynate eae | * channefeed THHes194 eotth conbol ese Ss ne goterface between the mse and tne oak te sly %& Data bakween the cervice medes and the conied Pi Etheone of \0| ia ti —— 3B Bekeoeen the Bsc to he pen, -peber -OP et ‘g converted £0 etheme OF 10100 MEP wipe enees. OF ‘ eee te eo 2K Frm ecNn fo PDN, data Pgs coarse 4 qoko" unsedine nifeilti tye] & ‘| | a msc|ver Lt | 99 , Susu? ae ee is | ne a ef (10}tb0 mbps 7 ne Fiber R Ethane over ConleT (Pon Sf Nodes ae Pack etre Inleface fq - network Interpace Node _| for comp Systems - Rass| | DevicesSubsefe, Devices § * Subsafber device (SO) ?s a gore dem Several + Pes of wirdesc phonea and data Pexom coma encoding | devod? the Ramamission % There are & 41. Portable devices vorce and de orice Of SD's baded) upon their appli 8. tlizeless loceel loop device - used fo desuPbe devrces Hho operation » for Sle environ mobile oreo. cofions. and vocod?n' a toa wire 4+ portable devices Can operate % the cellular Pe's OF iP both voice, data, and bands and can handle the Other nonvoice applications: hanamission oh a+ Wireless Local Loop (Wt) clevfces can handle the bansmssion O| data over the coma S P OF peasonal oti hfgh- Speed Internet access. COMA Traryesi ter ————— Exdusive OR. Stern and dypteall assistant Coont are used cofth a type of dev Pee for comp” Reciever STL eel I ' Pato ° i \ ' 0911001) 00 too! F¥q The base nthooonay 7 See Rae Aran is reat UL spate Sepa rs 1 Operation . output J836 Coma: ee Heusha P. @ Ts-9458 : Ast Pos CCE 4 my cer) fy TS-95A, TS-15B coas adopked * An evolutionary Tmprovement data ferctoontity 5 fo Ockober - 149.9 and added additional mobile 40 the earlier Standard . ed cot upto Seven Supplement xe Pafmasy Channel may be combin Lang data’ Channels: 7Ts-95B Should be able to Support pocket daba & Theorebically, Services with ap to o maximum than afer Hmoughpul aate % (06.8 kbps. ound in rhe | x The most chasnalc Cha Channel Shade: TH imple s-4s@ employs Seppiemene cede Aoraard and wrerse direction - ts-958, the Sige rea assfgn fom one fo Seven Fale, pa sy code channela and ont an inceased packet clea rake, me dp IS-ISA are channels (SCCHs) In beth the * In coma channelx toa ter + supp! . : therefore vide He exhabandevtd th copactl needed to Pree subscriber the pacceb data pane aale {or o Cdmas2000 8- cdmaaooo Ss considered one of the primary ath tole face technolo comp to provide —tex on Fmplementation 4 36 cellutay using 36 Jancion aly» \ a COlmaQooo consfsts 4 Q phases of development - : % the frst phase Yvolvex the | colmag000 |X RTT Ca sfagie -carrer System) 0! data Copacthes - q enhance ment ob rs-4se fo 24h enhanced packedcdmaQgooo IXRTT allows pake data. the first release Co) of d release Ci) Prcreares thot Speedx to 163:6kbps and the Secon Speed to 809-2 kbps over a single 3G evolution, 1 Q5-MHe carrier known a* cdma 2000 ation Schenre> G -OPSE 3% The Second phase of the bits per comA frame. ee level model 4yvey uses enhanced oy moore data and 16- QAM) thot alice th?s phase cons®sts Of _s First step fs b migrate to Icev-PV Ps anc advanced technology data on the Same Corsi er an too steps * cdmaao00 1XEV-DO (pete only ) hak coFll ~> Setond skp / d also Pattgrale both voice and aebatn backeoord corop oa bility cdimagooo Differences & + Characker?sticx of cdmagooo ase PIS coth TS-958, Support for hF h-speed gervices , and ceolvanced gzadPo corth [xRTT- 4. The most fmportan backuand compat bil Packek data and snuttimedia technolog'@- a. Spedtfically: the foto THs foward an Spreading nate (4% and 3x). LL fncludex Numerous vad?o Coo Pperatiom and enbancemenk ology through the use of @landard has aolded arlditonal Logic channel d vererse chamnel Shadcures , specified ee ) 3 4o 2s yada transmission a reverse channa pPlot. y. H has enhanced pocoer control and additional -forcaoed’ pilol srqnals thee permits the ubfl?zation 4 revs ity techniyue to. Frpro re Signal reception. | weception tc5. ae use of addftional pflot Sfanals allows the syskm (10), > father combat vadio Chann Teyuirem ents, adiwao 3 bt evox vale and as a Conseyuence redluuing frame odor raha 6. The cdmagoa Standard Specifies tio spreading rales - Rate's Csei) Ps commonly des?qnated a> x and : 4. Spread spreaol coma Rad?cales a Standard Sfngle dfreck - Seywence Corsier with a chip wale of [a2 9e mcps- e a. Spreading Rale 3 CSR3) fe BPmilatl dlesfgnated by 3x. A onward 3x2 coma channel Is Penplemented theo bh the We Ol three dfreck-Seyience spread corres each coilh a Chip aate of 4.9886 MCPS qumercar cif exept sadfo configuration i DEVErSE dPrectons: llalsh codes LoPHy plere okng the varigu Fs Colmaaoco supports a both the -Porazand am . cdlma 2000 Standard allow pov brs to assret 'o tm (engi 3 pros A to 1094 encoding Schemes: enhanced the ES-45 otfocof stad 10 Prolu ead Pancdional ? . The new prtecol stadk conhol CmAC)Y sublayer QO a |CLAc) sublager . Both of these oPreutt - cuorired gq. Cdimad000 has _de advanced bow confarna both Media access Signaling Dink access Confoo cublayerx have been ae to optimize and paceek- Stoflched data Services.Colmado 00 Forward and Reverse Channel Shu oo dowoand dtreckion, One can cbassify the log? ead snto thee broad catenonien : overhead » C9 ( and haffic channela- tn the overhead OUP 4pere are ++ Pp! 1. Fooward cormoo priet channe)- Q- Porwoard coro? pansmit divers! pilot @- Auatliar pilot channel « et diversi chanvd ye Austliary pana ohanne- Additionally» shoe 7S % syne channel cused +o provide paging channel» +o provide Quick poyy channdl 4o Pry ana cove rep le gtaloo battery pore the phe common porrer control Channela are Wed bX VBE vr, gefposet aor qthetd-“ the agsoguradedt wed fo panzmrt power confro) Bhs +o coutiple stations vohen they areu CPeraking Po modes that do not Fodude a foward 9 fundamental chamel or a fonoard dedicated conbol Channel. (the pack dota conbol channel ?s used by the bare ohahis to send conbel Proform ation dor the assosPobed fowwand c Packet dota channel. the reverse link Channel deprets foo kinds of Prformnadion ationa) modex of ape mobile are ol veverse Tirct, the various ope a then the types fle stodton colli arranged nto channax thar can be each operational qe + The reverse prot channel has been qewrse radio Nk performeanc®: the vevers© pilot allow demodulose sfgnot» on «to, coherent Pranycral eel by the amobile Staion unity pewer bFE- anced access chanel allows +hoee oli perent operat00 in cOlmadgooo lay to the acess probe used yi hanced access chars the base stabi sethe enh modes of the fast mode zs -as Ale 004 PL taker the Second mode of mode, ts ured by the corel channel so Hot Me isk qeduceol - 25 stm place of he @n operation _ Knewon as meservation access aobile to gain contzol 4 a Common of an access cpli?sioe Pxer Opnbolled access mode. %. forward power conkol channel te channel. the last mode. known as used io conjuncion with a Provide power conkol on the vererse Link e W-cpmA and OMTS & + The OoMmrs nekwosk archikcletre adines a terresbfal radio access Netcoork. TOF So known as UTRAN: the ficotroe vA a cor nektork eper the OMTs and hoo deneshfal radio newoxb Nekoorks are Plerconnected Pn the UNNS speu the du uo jace and & fe also possfble to connect the OTRAN nekook 10 a Gsm /epae r>adfo access nekcoorle A Provided fn the Standard. * the UTRAN System allocox -for several gadfo fhterface 0d Frequency dfv'sion duplexine (CRDD) or wideband ComA Clo-comhy dor operation fry patred -freyuency bands, or time dPvPsfon duple?ng Cron) -for gpration fo unpatred bands. els Gaund Gan ds | G6MH2 ! b6MH2 ' 6 MHz SMHz Of Radio Frejuence Spe Fig - TD-CDmA and TD-ScoMA Spechum cuage -CDmA Basfes 8 oan @ usha.R. a . = OMA channel Concept < tiyere ; %& The comadne and Comaeooo Cellular 4 vision woetkiple access (coma) moat to clemx are bas ed on the Ube of Code dt ° “ PRemde addition) Uber Capacity over a timited amount of vad/o freyuency specham. unilsh codes é -e ualsh code consists of Qn codes except One afion of 64 Os and enory combi umber of Os @ 4s,al the have 2 eyual 0 ds. x Walsh code cused fa the umiwe yuatity of pats onthog onal fo one another. FPqure beloww Shecos the basfe poinaiplex bokkind the Ce of an s-brt ccalsh exth Speeadlia code to Create a Afstfnct pe 9 efgeal. g¢s-as coma SI clemx hare an theA there ave & types of pseudo andlor noise (PN) Coden ove cere di oy Me TS-9S ComA Systern- ( Short PN Uodes — It fe time shifted bolA fo Sten od to provide -tfrne Synchro hat & can bevor ‘ >. the portiavay coma base Station a _nfzation Sfgnal» to the SubsaPber device So 48me ayncnonized coPth the rarlfo base stad for- Long pri codes - It Ps ured to provide lata scramblin on the -Poweard afsc channela @nd -for provid a snelln by wchicn seers link Channels snag be erat puiebet Forward Logie Channels &- the TS-IS COMA foward chapne cubsaPber devices + cred on the foreoardl Cho A lk etist between the COMR tse Station and the ¥ the basfe opreadting procedure Chanda a Fllushated by the 7 ee a riveh AS i PL BE o tue [> Channel pss i > encps | TO OPS RE Modulahion Dependent eybol> F2q - asic spreading 770 — [eaaebarct|__s eH r Fetter > Leet op Got Se oe prowl ef ited over a portaula r ° eh ye The dt ° forenard dhanedl TA Spread by fst Exclustre -OR' ing with @ partiosiay Walsh code Cw). then tbe Sfanal i* fart ( ecramb\ed fn the fa-phase Cz) and Quadealeue phaxe (0) (es ooo diffeent Shot pn opeeacling codes. “these shoot PN cox having excellent cross -comelahion and audo- wroelahioe Propert er. woah code(w)e outpals of tre fo-phase and yuadeokue phase sf eas (13) are. passed ough baseband filters and then appl) ed to 49 an RE yuachakue modulatos Potgoateol Circuit -that upconverts bands. Th?e the f?nal oodktpuk signal 40 the UHE freuen Channel element sfqnalx linearly combined with othe? fowl Channd element Panals , amplified and the compostle sig G5 haramitted over the aly intaface- e Pnitial Ts-a5 CDMA System Penplernentation uses 4 oF ere %* Th Sog?cal Chanmds 9 the forward direction é pee oO © The plot channd Syridnont zation channel @ paving cham elx @ haptic | power cones! Channels. © the plot Channel %- se the CDMA pPlot channel Staal for all the Sos colin a cell: % Below figure deptcls the genevation of the pilot channe) Si fare oes a bas P om yoalareodd, v9!) 1:2286 PS 2s used to provide a veference K)—— y 7 | channel 40 @psk RE Modulator All os —— veand 30 Channel Ro - Generation of the Teome pilot channd signal ‘Ochannal Alot PN ab 1.22.86 reps Pnitial sfynad y¥ The all o's walshcode(We') Fo used for the e of all ots. This resulta Po a sepuence spocasting on a Sejpenc of all eos that axe further Spread using ire Short PN Gpoeoling Seyuences roanuth'rg fm Q Seyuence of o's and 1%.the I and Q ae chive a Quadratiue mmodwtasor- Therefore the resulting pilot sfgnal fs an unmodulated spread Spechum Signal. The hort PN Spreading code & used to Wenki~y the nal % hanxwmitted aba“ fired base Slatfon and the pilot ‘Sf. ouspust power 4-6 ae Steonger Go ony other channel. © syodmonization channel & %*& the COMA Syodmosieaton channel fs Used by the yen to provide fnitial time SyrehnonFeakon « * Below fPoure cepfels the generation of the Synebroni zation ann Styne. wt) = Channel Pilot PN 2 toes Ish Code. ot (2288 MEPS Code Symbol Jar Sareea} Syne channel | " mode end Lif > eSS85. 4 Hoe Sym bo | lock a erates) [ Seaioal afr 1D apse PF poo Lencodestea dT syog sa ee oAse BF bes bps C tata] nd Fille - abi of the COMA SyaAthroni . rrg Cine is (” aFaaahion o channel PPlot PN ° Channel SPgnat . 64 ok 143268 ereps % Tn thf case, hlalsh code ls Ps ured to So the Sy nomonteaion chamel message: Agafo, fhe Same Short PN Spreacting code cO'th the Same offset ?s Used to farther Spread +e sfanal. The enitial Suntmonization channd message has a data vale cf bps. the Sync message cree Convolcttional encoding, gyro fon, and “finally block Tatereavin . This pwcess rafses the ne cmessane cata vale to 4.9 kbps. |800 nepal Road Sq % Hike the pilot channd , the syprimontt sation channd has a fixed Ouukpat power.] ® pagicg chaneds s - % these channel Ue used to mobile —tarminaled cag and to send conhol messager re the sp's when call setup is Fak Pog pace- fog Channe) * Belao 4% ure depicts the goer of a pag 4 x channd Pilot PN 9368 Tmessage: a (wr) aby PE Code Symbol modatakd walsh aye nbo} 1q.2kbps re end ponkie amo) | —m En Répebition elena Coder(Rate tf © the SDs hen there FHip Long code mak 12288 ‘i Fong Code ive DAES Wee man for paging “| Gena abor cA F <2) Biller J »2EbES t Channeo 7 Rate redution © dhaonel riot at 122889 EPo- Generation | the COMA FR iag Channel Signs. PN se Veoh codes le trough oe Dre ered: om xg the paging channel aie an additional Scrarobling operakon using the 10m pn preaching code Seyuerce- the long PN code & eneraked bi usPna a Aa-b*t (ineda -feedlb chitt aogier that Yielda o& epeakin Seyuente Of ie a” the pogin channel messane also q0e Hough a convolutional mbol sepittion, and block Toperleaving bo» a Slower version of the long PN code: encodin process, Se xing saamb\ed oY ® Tool fie [power Conbo! channels § ethe COMA -forwaed foaffic Charmela cor chenad frfoomahion. i “s meiy Thes digital encoded vofce or data can be harxemited oF Several different dita wales for TS- 95 comA stems- > Rate Set 1CRS4) Suppols 9.6 kbps mazimum and slower 1Wes of 4.8, a4 and |. 2kbps. % Rate Sek aC Rca) Supports |H-4, 72,36 and 1.¢ kbps- for eneration a Rateser 2 apie ihe Symbol the ouput rfeoee) AS Shoton Fa Figue below (b) paffic an additional Opraton °s performed repitition block. Fora data vale of [4-4kbps +he Symbol vepetition block will be 28.8kbps- x the function block “punclwe” selects 4 bf is out of every 6 ff and thux vecluces he data rale to 19. 2k bps. AML oh the CDMA Systema unused Walsh code may be enerate forward fea fic Channels. ued ke sethe Power consol Fn formation So ceed to Se the output ahe tmobile on the verse link and {s -soubhip texed por wilh ee ecrambeled voice bis ot q rate % goo bps 07 tbr avery 0 agmsee- Voice |COnvol g jo en Tray ick -€Or bo) | Blok Répetition| 4 inter Ieoug| [Qe2EEPS 19. 2Kbps ences So trand o>! 2yo1 | e00 bps aan > Lon Loo! To 7 wd coct coale @ channel PPlot PM Decirela| Devi craloe| at 1.2288 ences Longuode 42288 . iu ~ ic power Le iq Generation, 9 the coma, Paecaned, foal Pane ads eer Cosh. Chane‘ab 12288 eps ss be Walch code pd 8 Iso0 384) __ AK _— "7 ops ( ) () t lea [qr Fbps 6491 Symbol : “Lxpivo | Pave conbo! anna et en) aps Sootps e ait pn tong cod pales pa2semps @ channel prot PN verse LogFeal Channels 8 aod 162286 mops the IS-95 CDMA wrerse | ecal channelx exist b[9 the Cuubsatoe, ceutces and the coma bare Atasion gthe data bs mapped fnto Walsh Cocles that are hen haramitte SRace there ave stily-four ort Ga bre) Walsh codes. very 6 bes | data fo be hanamitecl mm be mapped to @ porbiuslar cealsh code. Ths echniyee ee fan over Henfold gncreaise in bandestdthy since GA LPB are ICO banemitteel fo oe 6 bis °f dota x the Syskm prior rate % reduced - 2% Fach pererse channel is Spead by a long) PN Seywence ) code and scrarabled 4 the Ghort PN Seywence code. the long ) px sepuence cade fs cevired Poon the SubSoiber device’ 32-bit Elechonte Serial xlumber (ESN) and therefore poovides the meanx j ren oo univiely Pdentified Coithin the (DmA cys % There are basPeally 4000 ty pes nererse comA Chaoneld + oO Access Channels Quece half | conbo) chaneel© Access Channels 3 s€ The CormA acess Channelx pages and to tbansmrt conkol Fofoomn cow sdup and tear down. % Below figure chaos the accese channel processing for a ase cused by the mobile to answer aboo for the parepose % TSs-45 CDMA aster ar channd Pilot PN Fiq- Generadion 2 Phe COMA VrerSe Access at 12288 Channel: [228 me 7 ene? cae foessog LEAL ETS Fede thod eee Aca A rgkbps ERet | 14-4 kbps 3 8 2 borg wode J @ Channd! Pilot PN ask: eta at 12288 ae ak 48 Kbps undergoes the —farePl far ae aepebition and block Pnterlecwutng ale to Q8:8k bps. Dt HhPs poiot, the cnshogona) mpeciulation SulosyStero paccessex the fgnal 4 ae every 6 bils into a 64-bFE jaulsh code “this process wile stgeat 2 gate to 0%2 Kops Cchips pe gerd). Next, pn code Spreads the Signal by & factor of 4 that if 1.2288 Mcps- * An access message’ convolutional encoding, that rPses tne data % the beers gies a chip 7 >| (® Por yethe TS-95 Com both vorce and data ot the tno, gases els Zo | power conkeo! channels ¢ A reverse teaffic] ‘poeer confro| Channels Suppat (Rs1 and R82):Below figine dephis the enerali . channet. 1 erakion of o wrerse to e@ T channel Plot CM — fee] ees} Ce P TeebitiwoIY 5 k Gaston |_s 28.8kbps 2 REPS. Feit | Blodk Gran | ° Forte leaver Ociufator] Fj 62> 64 Yaseen] tong code ete? ask t Generatos Qchannel Delay - 'f> Pricod Pilol Prt at THE (C1069 HS) 1228SmepPs x \n eftber sate get case, the data rate af the pat to the orthogonal modulator Subsystem wilt be Q8-8 kbps: At the YF of me process the signe gate Ps 309-2kCPS- i 207 “¢ At thfe point the Sfgnal rs processed by a. data as 2g cused. fo obiminake qedundant chta- The iy To @psk RE modulator ble co reo. a. long PN Seywence code and further aa “ ie IN Gejwence code- the final etal wale 1S me we reel g worth a sfyral bandwidth of ape’ 4 grandad 988 mep |. asMHz- cpma fame format 8 | there ae & types of Foame formats : , @ Loud Channel Frame Formals. @ Reverse Channel Brame “Povnals -@Foward Channel Frame Formals : of the 4 forward logic Channela, col he prlot channel does not employ a frame format. xe The -fooward paflre Channel -frames ctre 20mmS Po dlarertfon and contatn a varyin number of Saporrertio o bP}, -foame €o20% conteol Check “bfls and tafl bis clepending (upon the rake Sekand the data oak. % Bela figure clepfcls a -forcarc! bapfic -foame for Rees Q ‘4 kbps. Seka ak P Feame(2oms) = eS 867 Tofomabiog Bils, — _LIaCRe bifs, I Jail BiIs@ss)} %& The forward deaf fic channel Poames ae further log really QubdPvided Pato 46 b8S-me power COnho| pers: 3% The CDMA fonoard Syacon®%atfon Channel provides te mobile or Subsafber device With Susie emir" and Liening formation. ‘ 2 the -forcoard pagin channels are usedl the Coma base Stakfon to hamamit Sysiem overhead th formathion and mobPle Station Sperifte mess anes: x the peta ing charmel Shuckere Ps -formeltfed fhto paging Slot eyes to provide for Pncreared mobPle ¢tehion battte! ise. DB coma mobile rey opera in efthera slotted or Unslolted mode.® Rewrse Channel F fruthe P Ss ram. : ie © Fools! Rev Bet ecw © fe also ageded® foto ao-wsd ee channd frame le 1.2S5-ms power Nthe wewrse haf five channel. haphic channel {frames the reverse also futher logf cally gabdivided into t conbol greups: V XK when the mobile anamtt data vale ee maximum, all 16 the barsiled data i gpenrs cure barnmmitted- Ketght power Power conte f op the maximum yak, Heo only Rak fs one hal conbol yore cue fpansmiled- enerakes a amcor masking pattem tied to the probile Statiod ESN: 25 4-8 kbps cesing a Qo frame Xthe data burst gandomizer q for the qe pattern that Ps. ¥Xthe access Channd data, gk ahak contatnx 96 Fnfosenedkion bts. mp system operctifon Layer 3)e aishation co O spi tatization| Re Coll rotablehment @) Cath Hlandey Q) Tnetal? zation | Registeation r fshabion procedures x COMA ae status of 4he mob? le station- x the mobile m attached condtton. que dlependent capon Hr be either fo a detathed condition oF fy anwank fons of 9 Fhabion Feterx uDhen Fe or pcs freyue anck CORA X th * € CDMA SYsKn Gupports 10 fff ; | eh be power-up teqishabion ~ the mobile Station powers on oy Switches bln diffeent band clasees ~ cy blocks + alkinative operating modes, 00 analog opesation. ® pene gchation- the rnobfle vegfstex coher i aga off i} TE how = iously aegistered in’ he current geaving stn d O7ener tose Sshation - The smoblle rex fsterx eohenever var? —ur tmerr expire: thes ess ovees the mobtle fo ober af yequiay intervals. at a |x crstance -based eshation - the mobile %s forced to 2en fsler wOhenerer He déstance blo +he Current Servin base atation and the base Station cohere PE last a exceeds & certai +hres hold + ©) zone based £ onkrs a new zone- °shahoo - The mobile stakon Pslerx Regtshation zones a e es are poor” of bare Stahons within a particular syskm and Goo7 kK neqishation- The mobile station © pasameder- Chang® mektra Stove fo rb memory change oy cohen specific an Uden enter 4 eshation - The mmobrle stahoo og @ ordered oeq Tested fo by the base station Hrapugh the Order messane- @ Templictt aenshatton - whenever the mobile slatoo au ccessfall Sends ar orfainabion message oy a Page sesponse message, cohen * Fs bere new Sysiem - Scherx Cohen Ye Pssue Of o7@rraihic channel 2cq%shation - vohenerer & base Sk wenishative 1aformatho ; « Slahoo be w lacite ch 0 fora mobile thak hax been assfanéd to ils annd, the base dtakion mot'fy the dete Mon W Ge men’s my 4 mobile User zone veqshabion - wohenever the snobile use zone, PE coenesters. cat Establfehment > slern tadkx Pcl Coma systern call setup oejuirex yar iow halfPe channd) le gnitialization , Fale, system access» d call 4emination- seleds an adie -atiag snob? cormunscation - TaPtialization state - coh entera she mobile station Sit cess. the amobrle Search® fora gig short PN cone asta pilot Channel the mocile ho» 15 Secondx fs cxcyuired th jo locale and acyutre & pilot Papal has achieved @attializahion Tt mmOres jhe fdle Stake, the mobile °x coaitin em on 72 ready to oi inate a. call dato. fama er- support Subscriber cme enobill smnoniten ing aadio channel & ivelg. messager +0 obtain System pore cell giles to tate tale - Once the mobile eo idle stat. cohile 10 qato 4h dato. messop) eome forwn of e mobile Ra constant! ajuasity, deroding poy channel _ ender access paramelex and o poonitor: Ifo of nebeovingAcce: * ese stale - the Coma mobile ewFll enter the access State cohen o coves a mobile - direded Message cicyuiring an acknaule d9° ment, cael COLL, or is veyutre +o per reg Pshatioo- 7 Traj[tc stake - the mobile enter the feallfe stale cohen Ft bef 4o tamer cser fajprrmoticn ln the Tmobile and the base -stahoo cohile % the haflic stake, the cnobile Pannmits vofce and he Sl faforwalion on ye vererse te te channel CRre) and vec! vorce and Spat Pn fosmattton of)” the foucard rraffic channel (Fre criginale a call, the oobi cygkem access message on the access channel and -towa the pagio channel for a response -faom the I, the access a forseard toajfic ch assigned frat comvespond» to particular eoalsh code and o base Station qeciever Ps assigned for ne everse bea ic channel le gends a 4hen mor ote anned Ps mobile onfginated colt — To eg saccessfod, long PN cwwode+ nated coll - Fore mobile laminated call, the mobile — Terni pase station senda & message +p the mabile, the P 10 Channel if atached 40 the clim, the mobile Sends an ackno the access Channel. The base station _pledigment rerporse on pecitves Whe aceorsdledgement configarrese forbord traf fe Channel aaa asston a yeewer!to Me mobiler reerse frafffe Channel. coll Term@nation - call terminalion ocluix at the end of a cat cand con be Poi hated einer the Mobile or the boxe tation. || the mobile Initiates the Call Femination, PH sends & call ferminosion message 4o the base Stahoo, Stops banaroitting bn ahe Rrc, and wkunr to the mobile Statioo whitializadion Stake.Cot Hande/ | : “the Spedficationx for Ts-95 COMA delineabe 3 mobile Wf Stakes dusving cOh?ch a handef conocer, these States are the fdle stak, access State and fea[{ic stae- COMA Fs Uniyue In hak % supposts Soft | Softer hands K Advantage - fmprred ysiero eaformance for the Sup pert of \Wofce tealpic calls and suppost of Pgh speed data. fran fers: ° dle / Access Hiandoff 8 & b 4he mobile is % the ‘dle clale and aoe fiom the Coverage Hea of one seco} cell tnto another gecor|{celf, Fle hanelolh con occur: ap When the mobile ?s fn the access slate, T+can also perform a hand of the access hando( may ocour before the mobile begins Sending access probes, wring acess bes, and even et yeceves On access probe Aackno0 eagement Soft hando| : A soft sn ocuusé cohen the emobile 7 able bo Communic vole enubkaneou! orth coveral neo cells or a NeW gectov a i t coll a Coward ‘haf (fe channel eT) chile stl Je cosreent C ° ae rnagataining corer ni cakON* over the FTC of the CLureo eckor- x there are S types of soft hando|}s = | (softer France| f soft hando| © Ht sof hand ff* Softer handoff - “the handef | fs bln & sedoza of He Same coll. * A Soft handel f ocasrr bla & Pf ferent cells - 0 of +he % A capt” Softer handef can ocr cohen the epatio. mobtle qe ft a hand chofce blo @ sectorx of the Same cele anda sector froman aoljacent ceol. improved system % The abe of Saft [softer handoff gfre wise 1° Performance - te aives reduced mobPle taanamit power becatse | The Pnberent Galo fovolved with the ube of multiple retieren. worth Soft handof} ahe msc seleds the best stgnal ona Frame -by— fame basis of ‘fhose vecieredl. , . Active Sek : y Ancomplete gq ‘ ) Pilot Rss Pilot Replaced iS cncceecl > toy Candide |. (a) sefter Handel “" 2) we bel S " ou a | - T-Orop Prot. ees} for exceed x | avec T p00 | Sewond (6) Sott Handoj | ©) sagt Softer Hondagly \. Set continuously Scan for pPlots PRD ; Ch %& the coma mobile Station corll and establtsh communi cation cotth any Sectox oy cal thot has o pilot RSS exceedx a ceytain +hreshold value Cte ADD). or ch commusicaktion, coith a Sector x the mobile wll dvop than a Cettaf Hneshold (peor) hat har a pilot Rss lessHi - land “Hando| | 3 Anusha Pe. fet ol gO Go) that fo state can also! ‘experience Wi 2 A cma mobile to the an fotercanier havd hand of |: thes cofll ocay for the care o hando| |: % (atercanvier handof} couse the 2 —upted fora Short period cohile the base a extich Prom one corrier Preyerenc 40 another: pes ot Polecou rier handoff : dif Jerenk canierx aio link +o be abouply Intery nd mobile Stahon there are & 4 © Hand -dewo 7 cotihin the game cell: @ Hand-over fs o hard handel} a ai {\erent calls. 30 hand handover blo & {yrerr carrierA to blo & Ai & - aN , O Single corre: cella Border bl Servic \n e “ial comier cos qprrotoas. . ee tony Cox Pq - Hard COMA handlo{fs due Ara. to Intercarier handof f:Power confeol s- ->R The objective % comA power conbo) Ps to IPanit the hanamitin 3 and ‘redleving power of all ciserx to the minimum Levels nquned for proper System operation . -> The Power coopel System preckse power fo an attempt to have alll the base Station with the Same winimur recat Tolerfrence valo. & Tha 8-45, a Sophisticated power conhol Syslen fs employ edd that mairtalinn veciered ake within appaoximately 1dG of they optirnal level d % ON the veverse Lin +ypes of power conpol ove implemen ly conpola mobPle franamntt She mobile Stoals avotre at sfgoal fo fs, Which cLbed noncoherent detection, & df fp Heel - ye the Forward link user PIs 00° form of opbile - assisted power contso- the Grame Fry Kale (rer) ts axed to yp In both the cares 1 Pore poxoer conpol ded sions: FER fs in the ax range. Forward [nk power Conbol 8- ee channed (ere) *s dy eamte a The power io each forward foahl epntooiled fo response to Fo. foomation pranxmitted fo the —all the sndbile- base sation b x the base Stakion stars hanamilting on the FIC ata nomi ral power level and then conPeualty weduces Pts Ocutput Power level.* The mobile perfodt call repos the FTC, FER Stalfsk . ‘ pi 40 the bare Stakion over ne ererse eat Fo chammd (ere). Rroreanes ov cohen FH 2 THs veport could fndfeake when the FER geaches a cera Hreshold- “the base station then ad {jousts fis oclput pocoer \> the Porkatlay FTC accosdingly: Sface +hta aad juatrnent dan be anade frame time C20ms) , +h?s process 6 Knaon only ance per link pocoer conol- Slow forward Rererse Open Loop & * the path loss bekeocen the base station and the tmobile stabior Gs the same in either direction; USi this assurptoo, 4he mobil esticnabe of ts weyutred culpiuk power station wakes 07 open loop \evel cohen atremptiog a “oe access: , the mob?le contin loco - level afgoal | _solby measur +ne yhe pilot Ws Song oy a igh weak: fast closed Loop & id reverse Channelx ™m fade forwend an closed loop pocoer conol ome 1% at f fereotly ,a fast exnpioyed during the smobPle stahoo cone! on fhe foafhte choonel clate fo help Overcome fares orer the vererse |Pnk phot are not apparent Jo the mobile Station . KK Since +he* this °s made possible by he bans mission cf o power conlol bit over he FTC Lasms: ever determiner the % At the base Stakon, the BS wea e reciered Signet: fo Toker farence zaho 7) bases jor the mobile RTC: x 4 the value Ps aborea preset forget value, the BS franx —mirs % power conhol brt Se fo 4+ xe Thee Yashuds the mobile 4o reduce Fis ouput power level oy 4d6- * the jpaMnMVSSi0o of a 0 Fadicales an Tacreane of 1dB fo ovdpat poor level - the process continues unl the mobilex ouput power level converges 00 the cowrett Value. This poroces S Ps Known O% the @nner- lop power conbol-Iectepmesece (8% en) & = + 3 = 2 F¥q- coma smdobile station Gnitializaion Stak -Enter for Mobile station Tdle Stale gems Rectevek a General Qe page messan e Recieved message 02 Order Recyriy eEnle mobile Station goobeo| 07 the Traf [Pe channdl stalk 0, 7 to Anctoy . Cente mobile ceshion Adie Stake, Mobile Stakion Conteo! 00 aie coma “ee access Stabe flow chart jin. eyo he Chaond Gore Sohy Stabe o; nalia TObI le Stadion & Soho ogo too 3 Sewice Reyaeet mecsay| Send Seite Peyttn egy | Asstgn rs to Ere | ———_ | Send Preamble (setup Infan?) Setup tail Coral ogi ? chicknawledge Ree ent of prea ~w ~ble on Fie Begin Pevwnsecohoy Feg- COMA Mobile ~o fy inated! call Hreline. | Tee,g at8 2455 42 5 3 sHfo o ° a =|/5_3 Ee & g> § z Q mobile slakion | Asign ms to FIC | | m ool SRK ; oily 244 U0 saono uml WD - ad 7 [oeLOI Gorpo4s 9]!\GOU | Time | Send Preamble Acknowledge Preamble Start Tonsmitting Null ypmaT5 Send alert message Ms Rings and S -CDIMA BS ortgicate call -4 eneline- ¥) Corts] 2] Gow 24 Jo >po1sqps CorpaVWADPP URIS! -obossss (awe ¥— uc WO aoe Ry / PLO prajy Mone aS aT aI doer | 00 41s ayigoud | | Koss sefpwss7y — “boipssta2G0 vopqutoj¥l Wita TO? alaly YP +O sepeg | Sciamsvo wen pvupd ure b orang HOYS AAO Wrlccte} piVvaur|UIDUS. © Sonny < thor 7 aps sso ants Bor}! quaFORWARD COMA CHANNEL for Spreading Rates | and 3 (Set § 5e3) Comma tom Prot | [comm Syne sat read psstqn Bay cham | leantegf [Charo | fe coat, ence conten! / mn ~e oe eof Channel [Canna -els g ime ae \ ri 2 ~ AIR \ a <7 ; \ oo NA - - Le \ Foanay Taanamt Danillia Patt tio <4 Diasily Eg hanxml Cee vee re pry ~ oO ilo! Channel B pf \é Gilekay : < : . 2 * ; \ Z ’ \ \ Oa pkey o-! Pooer O-A Sup| o-2 anta Gan] | Oo Zune} fPardam] | conbo) |" etener suplone = nels ccoke! -ental Sub ede 7 on cranat} [oranrell — fehannel] fehanrenl | eminem eee J i :fest Poof 5 ECE myeer4 REVERSE COMA CHANNEL for Spreading Rates 1and 3(Se1 ancl Sea) enhances Reerse fgees Cha Common con} -anel Oper t20l Char js. % Spore ee : Reverse | Reverse Commo Fundamental a | Conbol Channel} Chann | opesation Of || gave ee Enhance | | Reverse Commo: Supp Acces $ | Cony} Channel) Channel L tq - Reserse Channa Seuss of ecern 2000