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    AQA Chemistry All Chemical Tests Table

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    Entertainer Sid
    This document provides test reactions and results for identifying common inorganic and organic functional groups and ions. Key tests include: 1. Sulfate ions produce a white barium sulfate precipitate with barium chloride. Carbonate ions produce effervescence with acid. 2. Hydroxide ions turn red litmus paper blue. Halide ions like chloride produce precipitates with silver nitrate that dissolve in ammonia. 3. Common metal ions like calcium, strontium and barium produce white precipitates with hydroxide and sulfate ions under different conditions.

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    AQA Chemistry All Chemical Tests Table

    Uploaded by

    Entertainer Sid
    188 views3 pages
    This document provides test reactions and results for identifying common inorganic and organic functional groups and ions. Key tests include: 1. Sulfate ions produce a white barium sulfate precipitate with barium chloride. Carbonate ions produce effervescence with acid. 2. Hydroxide ions turn red litmus paper blue. Halide ions like chloride produce precipitates with silver nitrate that dissolve in ammonia. 3. Common metal ions like calcium, strontium and barium produce white precipitates with hydroxide and sulfate ions under different conditions.

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    AQA-Chemistry-All-Chemical-Tests-Table

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    This document provides test reactions and results for identifying common inorganic and organic functional groups and ions. Key tests include: 1. Sulfate ions produce a white barium sulfate precipitate with barium chloride. Carbonate ions produce effervescence with acid. 2. Hydroxide ions turn red litmus paper blue. Halide ions like chloride produce precipitates with silver nitrate that dissolve in ammonia. 3. Common metal ions like calcium, strontium and barium produce white precipitates with hydroxide and sulfate ions under different conditions.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    188 views3 pages

    AQA Chemistry All Chemical Tests Table

    Uploaded by

    Entertainer Sid
    This document provides test reactions and results for identifying common inorganic and organic functional groups and ions. Key tests include: 1. Sulfate ions produce a white barium sulfate precipitate with barium chloride. Carbonate ions produce effervescence with acid. 2. Hydroxide ions turn red litmus paper blue. Halide ions like chloride produce precipitates with silver nitrate that dissolve in ammonia. 3. Common metal ions like calcium, strontium and barium produce white precipitates with hydroxide and sulfate ions under different conditions.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 3

    AQA A Level Chemistry - ALL Test-tube reactions (Inorganic and Organic)

    Species: ion/
    Test Positive Result
    Functional Group
    1. Acidify with dilute HCl
    SO42- White precipitate of BaSO4
    2. Add BaCl

    Effervescence
    CO32- Add dilute HCl
    Gas produced turns limewater cloudy

    OH- Damp red litmus paper Turns from red to blue

    White precipitate
    Cl-
    dissolves in dilute NH3
    1. Acidify with dilute HNO3
    2. Add AgNO3 Cream precipitate
    Halide ion Br-
    3. (Add dilute NH3 followed dissolves in conc. NH3 (NOT with dilute)
    by conc. NH3)
    Yellow precipitate
    I-
    Insoluble in conc. NH3

    In separate test-tubes:
    2+ With OH-: white precipitate
    Mg • Add dilute NaOH
    With SO42-: nvc
    • Add dilute H2SO4

    Flame test Brick-red

    Ca2+ In separate test-tubes: With OH-: white precipitate/


    • Add dilute NaOH suspension
    • Add dilute H2SO4 With SO42-: slight white precipitate

    Flame Test red

    Sr2+ In separate test-tubes:


    With OH-: nvc
    • Add dilute NaOH
    With SO42-: white precipitate
    • Add dilute H2SO4
    Flame Test green

    Ba2+ In separate test-tubes:


    With OH-: nvc
    • Add dilute NaOH
    With SO42-: white precipitate
    • Add dilute H2SO4

    1. Add NaOH
    2. Heat sample
    NH4+ litmus paper will turn from red to blue.
    3. Hold damp red litmus
    paper at test tube mouth
    Pink solution → blue-green precipitate
    Add NH3 dropwise to excess
    Co2+ → straw-yellow solution
    aqua ion [Co(H2O)6]2+ (OR add Cl- ions)
    (pink → blue solution)

    Add dilute NaOH Pale blue precipitate


    Add excess NaOH nvc
    Cu2+ Add dilute NH3 Pale blue precipitate
    Aqua ion [Cu(H2O)6]2+
    (pale blue solution) Add conc. NH3 Dark blue solution
    Add Na2CO3 Green-blue precipitate
    Add NaCl Yellow solution
    Add dilute NaOH Green precipitate
    Add excess NaOH nvc
    Fe2+
    Aqua ion [Fe(H2O)6]2+ Add dilute NH3 Green precipitate
    (green solution)
    Add conc. NH3 nvc
    Add Na2CO3 Green precipitate
    Add dilute NaOH Orange-brown precipitate
    Add excess NaOH nvc

    Fe3+ Add dilute NH3 Orange-brown precipitate


    Aqua ion [Fe(H2O)6]3+
    (violet/brown/yellow sol.)
    Add conc. NH3 nvc
    Orange-brown precipitate and
    Add Na2CO3
    effervescence
    Add NaCl Yellow solution
    Add dilute NaOH White precipitate
    Add excess NaOH Precipitate dissolves → colourless sol.
    Al3+
    Aqua ion [Al(H2O)6]3+ Add dilute NH3 White precipitate
    (colourless sol.)
    Add conc. NH3 nvc
    Add Na2CO3 White precipitate and effervescence

    Alkene Solution changes colour from orange to


    Shake with bromine water
    -C=C- colourless

    1. Add NaOH(aq) Precipitate of AgX:


    Halogenoalkane and warm • AgCl = white
    R-X 2. Acidify with HNO3 • AgBr = Cream
    3. Add AgNO3 (aq) • AgI = yellow
    1o and 2o Add acidified potassium Solution turns from orange to green
    Alcohol dichromate (VI)
    R-OH 3o K2Cr2O7 Solution remains orange
    All Add metallic Na Effervescence (H2)

    Warm with Fehling’s solution Orange-red precipitate forms, so


    2+
    (contains Cu ions) solution turns from blue → red
    Aldehyde
    R-CHO
    Warm with Tollens’ reagent
    Silver precipitate (mirror) forms
    (AgNO3 + NaOH + dilute NH3)

    Carboxylic Acid Add a carbonate CO2 released - will turn limewater


    R-COOH (e.g. Na2CO3 (s) or NaHCO3(aq)) cloudy

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