Phisicys Foun Four Question and Answer PDF

Hanti-Wadaag primary and secondary school
Name:__________________________________________
Questions and answers about physics form 4
Chapter one:
1) Define Periodic motion?

Periodic motion is a motion of an object that regularly returns to a
given position after a fixed time interval.
2) Define Period (T)?
Period(T): is the time taken to make one complete cycle. SI unit of
period is second (s).
3) Define Frequency (f)?
Frequency(f): is the number of cycles made in one second. SI unit of
frequency is called Hertz (Hz).
4) Define Simple Harmonic motion (SHM) ?
Simple Harmonic motion (SHM) is a motion in which a body moves
back and forth over a fixed path, returning to each position and velocity
after a definite interval of time.
5) Define displacement of SHM?
The displacement of SHM is the distance from equilibrium position in
either direction.
6) Define amplitude?
The amplitude is the maximum displacement from mean position in
either direction
7) State Hook’s law?
Hooke’s law states that the restoring force applied by a spring is
proportional to the displacement of the spring and opposite in direction.
Chapter two
1) What are the Types of waves?
a) Mechanical waves b) Electromagnetic waves
PREPARED BY:Hassan Abdullahi Husein (Daacad) Page1

2) define and list Mechanical waves?
Mechanical waves are waves which propagate through a material

medium. Mechanical waves require material medium.
The followings are mechanical waves:
a. Water waves b. Sound waves c. Spring waves d. String waves e.

Seismic waves
3). Define and list Electromagnetic waves?
Electromagnetic waves are waves which propagate through empty space
(vacuum). Electromagnetic waves do not require a material medium.
a. Radio waves b) Infra-red radiation c) X-rays d) Gamma-rays e) Visible
light f) Ultraviolet radiation g) Micro-waves
4)what is a Visible light?
Visible lightis a small part of the energy range of electromagnetic waves.
5) What are the Radio waves?

Radio wavesare on the low-frequency end of the spectrum.
6) Define Microwaves?
Microwaves are the range in length from approximately 30 cm to about
1 mm.
7) Define The infrared region (IR) ?
The infrared region (IR) lies between microwaves and visible light.
8) State Ultraviolet radiation?
Ultraviolet radiation has a range of wavelengths from 400 down to
about 10 nm.

9) Define X-rays?
X-rays are high-frequency waves that have great penetrating power and
are used extensively in medical and manufacturing applications.
10) Define Gamma rays ?
Gamma rays are generated in nuclear reactions.
11) State types of Wave motion ?
a) Transverse waves b) Longitudinal waves
12) Define transverse wave?
A transverse wave is a wave in which particles of the medium move in a
direction perpendicular to the direction which the wave moves
13) Describe A longitudinal wave?
A longitudinal wave is a wave in which particles of the medium move in
a direction parallel to the direction which the wave moves.
14) What is Velocity (v)?
Velocity (v) is the distance covered by the disturbance in one second
15) What is the Wave length (λ)?
Wave length (λ) is the distance between two consecutive crests or troughs.
16) State types of Phase (∅):
Phase (∅): There are two phases, the highest point is called Crest and
the lowest point called Trough.
17) List and define Properties of Waves?

a) Rectilinear propagation means waves travel in straight lines.
b) Reflection occurs when waves strike a surface and bounces off.
c) Refraction occurs when waves deviate from their original path while
passing from one medium to another of different optical media.

d) Diffraction is the change of wave path when passing through a slit

or an aperture.
e) Interference is the phenomenon produced from the superposition of two

waves in a medium.
18) What is a Node?
Node is the position at which the amplitude is zero
19) What is Anti-node?
Anti-node: is the position at which the amplitude is maximum
Chapter three
1) What is a Sound wave?
Sound wave is a mechanical wave that produces a sensation of hearing
2) State the conditions that must be fulfilled to hear a sound?
For hearing a sound, the following conditions must be fulfilled:
1. There must be a vibrating body.

2. There must be material medium.
3. There must be receiver.
3) What are the Sources of Sound Waves?
Sound waves are produced by:
a) Vibrating strings, such as guitar.
b) Vibrating surfaces, such as drum.
c) Tubes
4) What is The velocity of sound in the air and state the increase of velocity
for every 10C rise of temperature?
The velocity of sound in the air is 330m/s at 00C, for every 10C rise of
temperature, the velocity is increased by 0.6m/s.
5) What is the persistence of audibility?
A sound persists for 1/10 seconds in our ear after exciting sound dies off.
This time is called persistence of audibility

6) Define echo?
The reflection of sound wave is called echo
7) What is Reverberation?
Reverberation is series of reflections that fall on ear from various
reflectors one after another in a closed room forming a continuous
rolling sound
8) What are the Uses of Echo?
a) Determination of the depth of ocean (sea)
b) Echoes guide insect eating bats and protect them avoid colliding with
objects or with one another.
c) Dolphins communicate with each other.
d) Echoes are used by army to locate gun positions of enemy.
e) Echoes are used by geologists for mineral prospecting
9) What are the Properties of Sound?
We shall consider three physical properties of sound:
a) Intensity
b) Frequency
c) Harmonic contents
10) Define The intensity of sound?
The intensity of sound is rate at which the sound energy flows through a
unit area normal to the direction of sound waves.
11) Describe loudness?
Loudness describes how loud or soft a sound is perceived to be.
12) What is a Pitch?
Pitch is the change of frequency.

13) Define sonic vibration?

The range of audibility as a frequency is from 20Hz to 20,000Hz and
this vibration is called sonic vibration
14) What is ultrasonic sound?
the frequency which exceeds 20,000Hz, such vibrations are called
ultrasonic sound
15) What is infrasonic sound.?
the frequency is below 20Hz, such vibrations are called infrasonic
sound.
16) What is the Doppler Effect?
The change in pitch produced by relative motion of source and observer
is called Doppler Effect
17) LIST THE USES OF ULTRASONIC SOUND?
a) Echo sounders b) Ultrasound scanning c) Ultrasonic Cleaning
d) Homogenizing Milk And Cosmetics e) Sonar (Sound Navigation and Ranging)
16) what is sonometer?
The properties of vibrating strings can be studied by instrument called

sonometer.
17)Where The Frequency Of Vibrating String Is Determined?
The frequency of vibrating string is determined by its length, diameter,

tension, and density.
18) What is the Law of Length?

Frequency of vibrating string is inversely proportional to its length
19) What is the Law of Diameter?

Frequency of vibrating string is inversely proportional to its diameter.

20) What is the Law of Tension?
Frequency of vibrating string is directly proportional to square root of
its tension.
21) What is the Law of Density?
Frequency of vibrating string is inversely proportional to the square
root of its density.
Chapter 4
1) Define Light?
Ans: Light is the invisible energy which causes sensation of sight
(vision).
2) What are the properties of light?
Ans: The properties of light are:-
 Rectilinear propagation
 Reflection
 Refraction
 Diffraction
 Interference
3) What are the source of light?

Ans: Sun is the primary source of light for the mankind. It is a huge ball
of burning gases which emits tremendous amount of light.
4) Define Luminous substances?
Ans: Luminous substances: are substances which produce light energy
by themselves. They include such substances as sun, stars, burning
candle and electric bulb
5) Define Non-luminous substance?

Ans: Non-luminous substance: are substances which do not produce

light energy by themselves. They include such substances as the moon,
and most of the objects.
6) What is the difference between Transparent substances and
Translucent substances?
Ans: Transparent substances: - are substances which allow most of light

to pass through them. They include such substance as vacuum, clear air,
glass and diamond. While
Translucent substances: - are substances which partially allow light
energy to pass through them. They include such substance as oiled paper,
mist, and deep water.
7) Define Opaque substances?
Ans: Opaque substances: - are substances which do not allow light energy
to pass through them. They include such substances as wood, bricks and
stone.
8) What is a Rays of light?
Ans: Rays of light: - is the path along which light energy travels in a
given
Direction
9) Define Beam of light?
Ans: Beam of light: - is a collection of a number rays.
10) What is a Parallel beam?
Ans: Parallel beam: - consists of parallel rays.
11) What is the difference between a. Convergent beam and b.
Divergent beam? And draw each one ?
a. Convergent beam: - consists of rays that meet at a point.
b. Divergent beam: - consists of rays that come from one point.

12) Define Shadow?

Ans: Shadow is a dark patch formed behind an opaque body.
13) Tell types of shadow and define each one?
Ans: There are two kinds of shadows.
a) Umbra is the region of total darkness formed behind an opaque

body.
b) Penumbra is a region of partial darkness formed behind an opaque
body
14) Tell types of eclipses and discuss each one ?
Ans: There are two types of eclipses. These are:-
a) LUNAR ECLIPSE
Lunar eclipse is always formed on a new moon day. Linear eclipse is also
caused on a full moon provided the following conditions exist:
1. The sun, the earth and the moon should be the same straight line and same
plane.
2. Earth must be in the middle.
The lunar eclipse is classified as total lunar eclipse and partial lunar eclipse.

b) SOLAR ECLIPSE
When the sun, the moon and the earth are in the same straight line and the
same plane and the moon is in the middle solar eclipse is formed.
15) Define PIN-HOLE CAMERA?
Ans: It is a box with a very small hole. The screen is opposite to the hole.
When an object is placed in front of the hole an inverted image is formed
on the screen.
Chapter5:

1) Define Optical medium?
Ans: Optical medium: Anything (material or non-material) through which

light energy passes wholly or partially is called optical medium. Examples:
Vacuum, air, all kinds of gases, water, glass, diamond, etc.
2) What is the difference between a) Homogeneous optical medium and
Heterogenous optical medium?
a. Ans: Homogeneous optical medium:An optical medium, which has a
uniform composition throughout is called homogeneous optical medium.
Examples: Vacuum, distilled water, pure alcohol, glass, clear plastics,
diamond, etc.
b. Heterogenous optical medium:An optical medium, which has different
composition at different points is called heterogeneous optical
medium.Examples: Air, muddy water, fog, mist, smoke, etc.
3) List the Common Characteristics of Light?
Ans: Common Characteristics of Light are:
a) Light is an invisible energy which on rebounding from the surface of

matter cause sensation of vision.
b) Light travels along a straight-line path, but is an electromagnetic wave
which is transverse in nature.
c) Light produces shadows, when obstructed by opaque objects.
d) Light gets reflected back from polished or smooth surfaces, such as mirror,
polished metals, still water, etc.
e) Light gets refracted when it travels from one medium to another medium.
f) The velocity of light in vacuum is 3 x 108 m/s.
g) Medium to another transparent medium.

h) During the change in velocity of light, its frequency remains same, but the
wavelength changes.
4) Define reflection of light?
When a ray of light (or beam of light) travelling through a certain
medium (say air) strikes an opaque, but a smooth polished surface, it
bounces off the surface into the original medium (say air), the
phenomenon is called reflection of light
5) List and define kinds of reflection? And Draw each one?

Ans: There are two kinds of reflection:
a) Regular reflection or specular reflection: When a parallel beam of light
travelling through a certain medium on striking some smooth polished
surface is reflected back in the same medium as a parallel beam of light,
the phenomenon is called regular reflection or specular reflection.
(b) Irregular reflection or diffused reflection:

When a parallel beam of light travelling through a certain medium on
striking some rough surface is reflected back in the same medium in
different directions, such that it does not constitute a parallel beam, the
phenomenon is called
irregular reflection or diffused reflection.

6) Define a mirror?
Ans: A smooth and highly polished reflecting surface is called a
mirror
7) Mention the kinds of mirrors and define each one? Show a

diagrams?
Plane mirror:A highly polished plane surface is called plane mirror.
Curved mirror:A highly polished curved surface is called curved
mirror.
8) Define incident ray?

Ans: A ray of light which falls on a mirror or any polished surface is
called incident ray
9) State laws of reflection?
Ans: First law of reflection:
The angle of incidence is always equal to angle of reflection at the point of

incidence. Angle of incidence = Angle of reflection, or <i = <r

Second law of reflection:
At the point of incidence, the incident ray, the reflected ray and the normal lie
in the same plane. From the above law, it implies that if incident ray is in
horizontal plane,
10).Define image?
Ans: When the rays of light diverging from a point, after reflection or
refraction, either actually meet at some other point or appear to meet at some
other point, then that point is called image of the object
11).Tell kinds of images and briefly describe each one with their diagrams?
Ans: there are two kinds of images a) virtual image and b) real image
a) When the rays of light diverging from a point, after reflection or

refraction appear to diverge from another point, then the image
so formed is called virtual image.The virtual image is always
erect, laterally inverted and cannot be taken on screen
b) When the rays of light diverging from a point, after reflection or

refraction actually converge at some other point, then the image

so formed is called real image. A real image is always inverted

and can be taken on screen
12) What is the speed of light in vacuum?
Ans: The speed of light in vacuum is 3 x 108 m/s.
13) Define Spherical mirror?
A mirror which is made from a part of a hollow sphere is called a

spherical mirror. The back of a spherical mirror is always shown by
shaded lines
14) What is the difference between concave mirror and convex mirror?
 Concave mirror:A mirror which is polished from the outer

side of a hollow sphere, such that the reflecting side is
towards its hollow side, is called concave mirror.
 Convex mirror:A mirror which is polished on the hollow side
of the sphere, such that the reflecting surface is towards its
bulging side, is called convex mirror.
15) Define Pole?

Pole:The midpoint of a spherical mirror is called its pole. It is

denoted by the letter P.
16) What is a Centre of curvature?
The centre of the hollow sphere, of which the spherical mirror is a

part, is called centre of curvature. It is denoted by the letter C
17) Define Principal axis?
An imaginary line passing through the pole and the centre of

curvature of a spherical mirror is called principal axis.
18) Define Linear aperture?
diameter of a spherical mirror is called its linear aperture
19) Define Principal focus?
It is a point on the principal axis, where a parallel beam of light after

reflection, either actually meets or appears to meet. It is denoted by
the letter F.
20) Define Focal length?
the linear distance between the pole and the principal focus is called
the focal length.
21) Define Radius of curvature?

The linear distance between the pole and the centre of curvature is
called the radius of curvature. It is denoted by the letter R.
22) What is a Focal Plane?
An imaginary plane passing through principal focus, such that it is at

right angles to principal axis is called focal plane
Chapter 6:
1) Define incident ray?
Ans: A ray of light travelling towards another optical medium is called

incident ray.
2) What is the Point of incidence?
Ans: The point where an incident ray strikes another optical medium is
called point of incidence
3) What is the difference between Angle of incidence and Angle of
refraction?
Ans: The angle made by the incident ray with the normal at the point of
incidence is called angle of incidence while The angle that the refracted
ray makes with the normal is called angle of refraction.
4) What is the difference between Emergent ray and Angle of emergence?
Ans: A ray of light which emerges out from another optical medium,
into the original optical medium, is called emergent ray. while The angle
that the emergent ray makes with the normal is called angle of
emergence.
5) What are the laws of refraction?
Ans: Following are the laws of refraction:

(i) The incident ray, the refracted ray and the normal to the surface of the
separation of two media at the point of incidence, all lie in the same
plane.
(ii) The ratio of the sine of angle of incidence to the sine of angle of refraction
is a constant, for the light of given colour, for the given pair of media.
This law is also known as Snell's law.
6) Define Refractive Index ?

Ans: The ratio between the sine of angle of incidence in one optical
medium to the sine of angle of refraction in another optical medium, is
called refractive index of the second medium with respect to the first
medium,
7) Define a lens?
A lens is defined as a portion of a transparent optical material, having
one or two spherical surfaces
8) Mention the types of lens ?
Lenses are divided into two broad classes:
(a) Converging lens or convex lens.
(b) Diverging lens or concave lens.
9) define Converging lens or convex lens?
Ans: A piece of transparent optical material, having one or two spherical

surfaces, such that it is thicker in the middle and tapering (thinner) at the
edges is called convex lens or
converging lens. these
lenses are further classified as :

(i) double convex lens, (ii) plano-convex lens, (iii) concavo-convex lens
11).define Diverging lens or Concave lens?
A piece of transparent optical material, having one or two spherical surfaces,

such that it is tapering (thinner) in the middle and thicker at its edges, is
called concave lens or diverging lens. Depending upon their shapes, these
lenses are further classified as: (i) double concave lens, (ii) plano-concave lens,
(iii) convexo-concave lens
12)what is a
Power of a
lens?
Ans: Power
of a lens is
a measure of degree of convergence or divergence of light rays incident on it.
13) what is the S.I unit of power?
The SI unit of power of a lens is called dioptre It is denoted by the letter D.

14) what is the difference between the power of convex lens and the power of
concave lens?
Ans: The power of convex lens is positive and that of concave lens negative
Chapter 7
1) Define dispersion of light?

Ans: The phenomenon due to which a white light splits into its
component colours, when passed through a prism is called dispersion.
2) Define Spectrum?
Ans: The band of seven colours obtained on the screen, when a white
light splits into its component colours is called the spectrum.
3) What means a Monochromatic light?
Ans: Light of a single colour or single wavelength is called
monochromatic ligh
4) What means Polychromatic light?

Ans: A light which made of two or more colours is called polychromatic
light
5) What is a rainbow?
Ans: The rainbow is produced due to the dispersion of sunlight by tiny
droplets of water suspended in air, just after rain.
6) What is scattering?
Ans: The phenomenon due to which a particular wave of light is
absorbed by a particle, which is greater in diameter than the
wavelength of light and then transmits it in all possible directions is
called scattering of light.

7) Why does sky appear blue?
Ans: When the white sunlight passes through the atmosphere, the violet,
indigo and blue wavelengths, encounter suspended particles in air whose
diameter is more than their wavelengths. Thus, these waves are absorbed and
then scattered in all possible directions. The scattered light from these
particles, suspended all around in the sky reach our eyes, then the sky appears
blue.
8) Why is the sunlight reaching the earth yellowish?
Ans: When the white sunlight passes through upper atmosphere, the violet,
indigo and blue colours scatter which makes the sky to appear blue. However,
the white light gets deficient in violet, indigo and blue colour on account of
scattering. Thus, it appears yellowish instead of white.
9) Why does the sun appears yellowish?

When the violet, indigo and blue colours scatter in the upper
atmosphere, the resultant sunlight is yellowish in colour. When this light
enters our eyes, then to us sun appears yellowish instead of white hot.
10) Why does the sky appears dark instead of blue to an astronaut?
Ans: In space no particles are present. Thus, no scattering of light takes
place. Hence, the sky appears dark as light by its own nature is invisible,
but produces in us the sensation of vision.
11) Why do the sun and the horizon appear reddish during sunset or
sunrise?
During sunset and sunrise, the sun light travels the maximum distance
through the atmosphere. With the increase in distance, the size and
number of particles suspended in air increases. Thus, not only the violet,
indigo or blue, but yellow, orange and red wavelengths of white light
scatter. As the red light scatters last of all and is nearest to the eye,
therefore, the sun and the horizon appear reddish.
12) Why do the distant hills appear blue?
Ans: In the thick growth of trees on the hills there are always present some
amount of tiny droplets of water in the air. When the white light passes
through this moisture laden air, the blue light is scattered. When this
scattered light reaches our eyes, the hills appear blue.
13) Why is red light used as a universal danger signal?
Ans: The red light has largest wavelength among the spectral colours, and
hence, is least scattered. Thus, red light can easily pass through fog or mist or
smoke without getting scattered, and hence, is visible from a long distance.
Thus, it is used as universal danger signal.
Chapter8:
1) Ttell two properties of electromagnetic waves?

(i) They consist of varying electric and magnetic fields which are
perpendicular to each other.
(ii) They travel at the speed of light, i.e., 3 x 108m/s in vacuum.
2) Define X-Rays?
3) X-rays are electromagnetic radiations of short wavelengths of the order
10 -10m.

4) What is the difference between soft X-ray and hard X-rays?
 Ans: Soft X-rays have low penetrating power, and are produced by
relatively low voltage.
 Hard X-rays have high penetrating power, produced fay high voltage.
5) Mention the properties of x-rays?
6) Properties ofX-Rays:
(i) They travel in straight lines, at the speed of light.
(ii) They cannot be deflected by electric or magnetic fields.
(iii) They readily penetrate matter. Penetration is least with materials of

high density" and high atomic mass.
(iv) They can be reflected through very large angles of incidence.
(v) Refractive indices of all materials are very close to unity for X-rays.
(vi) There is mining boundary. They can be diffracted.

7) What is used X-rays?
8) X-rays are used for:
(i) locating bone fractures.
(ii) destroying cancer cells.
(iii) locating internal imperfections in welded joints and castings.
(iv) studying of crystal structures.
(v) Very soft x-rays are used for determining the authenticity of
works of art and picture restoration.
9) tell two dangers of X-rays?
Dangers of X-rays:
(i) Kill living cells when overexposed

(ii) Interfering with gene structure.
10). Define Photoelectric effect?
Photoelectric effect is the process whereby electrons are emitted from matter
when an electromagnetic radiation falls on it.
CHAPTER 9:
1) What is a Nuclear physics?
Ans: the branch of science that deals with the fundamental particle
namely nucleus is called Nuclear physics
2) Define Radioactivity?

Radioactivity is the explosion of the nucleus of the atom

3) Define the following terms.
a) Alpha-particles (α): b) Beta-particles (β): c) Gamma (γ) rays
Ans: a) Alpha-particles (α): are helium nuclei ( ) that are positively
charged. When the radioactive atom emits alpha particle, the atomic weight
decreases by 4 a.m.u and the atomic number decreases by 2 a.m.u.
b) Beta-particles (β): is similar to electrons with high velocity ( ) and
negatively charged. When a negatively charged. When a beta particle is

emitted, the mass number is constant, but the atomic number increases by
1.
c). Gamma (γ) rays are electromagnetic waves and are uncharged. When
an atom emits γ-rays, it is charged to more stable atom.
4) what is the meaning of Nuclear Fission?
Ans: The process of causing a large nucleus to split into multiple smaller
nuclei, releasing energy in the process.
5). what is the meaning of Nuclear Fusion?

Ans: Fusion is the process of causing small nuclei to stick together into a
larger nucleus, in the process releasing energy or union of small atoms
to form a large atom
6). What is called half-life?
Ans: The time in which half of the atom decays is called half life (T½).
7) Define decay constant (λ).?
Ans: The ratio of the number of atoms that decays in unit of time to the
whole number of the atoms is called decay constant (λ).

8) Define Isotopes?
Ans: Isotopes are such nuclei of an element that have the same charge
number Z, but have different mass number A,
9) Define isobar?
Isobars are atoms of different elements having same atomic mass, but
different atomic number( number of protons)
Chapter10:
1) What means Rectification?
Ans: Rectification means the conversion of alternating current to
direct electric current.
2) What means Amplification?
Amplification means the process of raising the strength of weak
signal.The devices that raise strength of weak signal are amplifiers
3) Define Control devices?
Ans: Control devices aredevices that are widely applied in automatic
control
4) Define Generation?
Generation is an electronicdevice that can convert d.c power to a.c
power of any frequency
5) What is the Conversion of light into electricity?
Electronicdevices can convert light to electricity.This coversion of
light into electricity is known photo-electricity.
6) What means Conversion of electricity into light?
Ans: Electronicdevices can convert electricity to light.This valuable
property is ulitized in televion and radar.
7) Define Asemiconductor?
Ans: Asemiconductor isasubstancewhichhasresistivity(10−4to0.5Ω

m)in betweenconductors
andinsulatorse.g.germanium,silicon,selenium,carbonetc.
8) Define IntrinsicSemiconductor?
Asemiconductorinanextremelypureformisknownasanintrinsicsemico
nductor
9) Define Extrinsic Semiconductor?
addingasmallamountofsuitableimpuritytoasemiconductor. It is then
called impurityorextrinsic semiconductor.
10) What means pentavalent?
having 5 valence electrons
11) What means trivalent?
having3valenceelectrons
12) What means tetravalent?
having4 valenceelectrons
13) Define n-typesemiconductor and p-typesemiconductor?

Ans:
Whenasmallamountofpentavalentimpurityisaddedtoapuresemicondu
ctor,itisknownasn-typesemiconductor
When a small amount of trivalent impurity is added to a pure
semiconductor, it is called p-type semiconductor
14) What are the basic gates?
The basic gates are the AND, OR, NOT gates.
15).Define and Draw each of the following terms :

a) AND gate b) OR gate c) NOT gate d) EXOR gate
ans: a) The AND gate is an electronic circuit that gives a high output (1) only
if all its inputs are high. A dot (.) is used to show the AND operation
AND gate
b).The OR gate is an electronic circuit that gives a high output (1) if one or
more of its inputs are high. A plus (+) is used to show the OR operation
OR gate
c). The NOT gate is an electronic circuit that produces an inverted version of
the input at its output. It is also known as an inverter. If the input variable is
A, the inverted output is known as NOT A. This is also shown as A', or A with
a bar over the top

NOT gate
d). The 'Exclusive-OR' gate is a circuit which will give a high output if either,
but not both, of its two inputs are high. An encircled plus sign ( ) is used to
show the EXOR operation
EXOR gate
16). define A transistor?
Ans: Transistor was invented in 1948 by J. Bardeen and W.H. Brattain of Bell
Telephone Laboratories, U.S.A and transistor has now become the heart of
most electronic applications
17). Tell types of transistor with their Diagrams?
a) n-p-n transistor and p-n-p transistor
18) define n-p-n transistor?

An n-p-n transistor is composed of two n-type semiconductors separated by a

thin section of p-type
19).define p-n-p transistor
A p-n-p transistor is formed by two p-sections separated by a thin section of

n-type
20) Draw a) n-p-n transistor and b) p-n-p transistor?
a) b)
21) Define insulator?

When a charge is placed on an insulator, it stays in the region in which
it has been placed. Insulators do not allow charges to pass through them
22) Define conductor?
a conductor may have no net charge, it still contains a large number of
tree electrons that can quickly respond to an electric force imposed by a
nearby charged body. These free electrons then move through the
conductor easily.
GOOD-LUCK

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Hanti-Wadaag primary and secondary school

Questions and answers about physics form 4

1) Define Periodic motion?

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2) define and list Mechanical waves?

Mechanical waves are waves which propagate through a material

The followings are mechanical waves:

a. Water waves b. Sound waves c. Spring waves d. String waves e.

4)what is a Visible light?

Visible lightis a small part of the energy range of electromagnetic waves.

5) What are the Radio waves?

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16) State types of Phase (∅):

17) List and define Properties of Waves?

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d) Diffraction is the change of wave path when passing through a slit

e) Interference is the phenomenon produced from the superposition of two

For hearing a sound, the following conditions must be fulfilled:

1. There must be a vibrating body.

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We shall consider three physical properties of sound:

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13) Define sonic vibration?

d) Homogenizing Milk And Cosmetics e) Sonar (Sound Navigation and Ranging)

16) what is sonometer?

The properties of vibrating strings can be studied by instrument called

17)Where The Frequency Of Vibrating String Is Determined?

The frequency of vibrating string is determined by its length, diameter,

18) What is the Law of Length?

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Frequency of vibrating string is inversely proportional to its diameter.

Ans: The properties of light are:-

3) What are the source of light?

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Ans: Non-luminous substance: are substances which do not produce

Ans: Transparent substances: - are substances which allow most of light

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12) Define Shadow?

Ans: There are two kinds of shadows.

a) Umbra is the region of total darkness formed behind an opaque

Ans: There are two types of eclipses. These are:-

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15) Define PIN-HOLE CAMERA?

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1) Define Optical medium?

Ans: Optical medium: Anything (material or non-material) through which

3) List the Common Characteristics of Light?

Ans: Common Characteristics of Light are:

a) Light is an invisible energy which on rebounding from the surface of

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5) List and define kinds of reflection? And Draw each one?

(b) Irregular reflection or diffused reflection:

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7) Mention the kinds of mirrors and define each one? Show a

8) Define incident ray?

Ans: First law of reflection:

The angle of incidence is always equal to angle of reflection at the point of

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Second law of reflection: