Problem Set No.

5 Diesel Electric Power Plant: Review on Air Standard Diesel Cycle,

Performance Parameters, Morse Test Technique, and 4 Item Balance

1. A four-cylinder, four stroke cycle, single acting Diesel engine uses the following data:
Rated power output, 82 kW; Engine size, 203.2 mm x 254 mm; Friction power, 11.19 kW;
RPM, 500; Area of indicator card, 1161.28 mm2; length of indicator card, 39.37 mm; Spring
scale,
21.71 kPa / mm.
Determine:
a. The mechanical efficiency. Ans. 87.24%
b. The brake mean effective pressure. Ans. 558.66 kPa
c. The brake torque. Ans. 1461.81 N m
d. The friction torque. Ans. 213.81 N m
e. The engine displacement. Ans. 0.137 m3/s
f. The piston speed. Ans. 4.23 m/s
g. The percent generated power during test. Ans. 93.34%
2. Determine the piston displacement of 35 cm x 45 cm four stroke, 1200 rpm, 8-cylinder engine.
Ans. 3.46 m3/s

3. What is the piston speed of a 30 cm x 35 cm Diesel engine running at 1100 rpm?

Ans. 12.83 m/s
4. A 305 mm x 457mm four stroke single acting diesel engine is rated at 150 kW at 260 rpm.
Fuel consumption at rated load is 0.26 kg/kW-hr with a heating value of 43912 KJ/kg.
Calculate the brake thermal efficiency. Ans. 31.53%

5. What is the mechanical efficiency of a 0.5 MW Diesel engine if the friction power is 70 kW?
Ans. 87.72%

6. Determine the volumetric efficiency of 35 cm x 45 cm, four stroke, 1200 rpm, 8-cylinder
Diesel engine if the air drawn in the engine is 3 m3/s. Ans. 87%
7. A logging firm in Isabela operates a Diesel electric plant to supply its electric energy
requirements. During a 24-hr. period, the plant consumed 250 gallons of fuel at 80F and
produced 2700 kW-hr. Industrial fuel used is 30API and was purchased at Php 60 / L at
60F. Determine:
a. The heating value of fuel by ASME Formula. Ans. 19480 Btu/lb
b. The cost of fuel to produce 1 kW-hr. Ans. Php 20.83 / kW-hr
8. Determine the minimum volume of day tank of 28ºAPI fuel having a fuel consumption of
200 kg / hr. Ans. 5.41 m3
9. An electric generator with 30 poles generates 3 phase 60 hertz current at 600 volts. Its rated
power output is 400 kW Engine specifications are as follows: single cylinder, 406 mm x
508 mm, 2 stroke cycle. Calculate the brake mean effective pressure when the line current is
360 amperes and a power factor of 80%. Generator efficiency is 90%. Ans. 1264.17 kPa
10. A 394 mm x 559 mm, 327 rpm, 16-cylinder, 4 stroke cycle stationary diesel engine is
connected to a 3125 kVA (80% power factor) generator. It also drives a 30-kW exciter.
Assuming a 92% electric generator efficiency, determine the brake mean effective pressure?
Ans. 925.45 kPa

11. A 16-cylinder V type Diesel engine is directly coupled to ¾ MW AC generator. Calculate the
generator efficiency of the engine if the brake power is 833.33 kW. Ans. 90%

12. A single acting 8-cylinder, 4- stroke cycle diesel engine with a bore diameter of 15.24 cm.
and stoke of 22.86 cm. operates at 1200 rpm. The load on the brake arm which is 101.6 cm.
is 120Kg. Determine the brake mean effective pressure. Ans. 450.54 KPa
13. A single acting Diesel engine has an average indicated thermal efficiency of 42.6%. The fuel
oil burned has a higher heating value of 44432 kJ / kg. Of the heat supplied to the engine
3.4% is used to drive injection air compressor, 3.0% to drive the scavenging pump and 6.2%
is lost due to friction and turbulence in the engine. The generator efficiency is 92% and 3.5%
of the generator output is required for auxiliaries of the plant, such as water circulating pump,
the fuel and oil handling pumps, lighting, etc.
Determine:
a. The brake thermal efficiency. Ans. 30%
b. The combined thermal efficiency. Ans. 27.6%
c. The plant thermal efficiency. Ans. 26.63%
d. The kg of fuel oil that must be supplied to the engine per kW-hr delivered by the plant.
Ans. 0.304 kg
14. A supercharged six-cylinder, four-stroke cycle Diesel engine of 10.48 cm bore diameter and
12.7 cm stroke has a compression ratio of 15. When it is tested on a dynamometer with a
53.34 cm arm at 2500 rpm, the scale reads 81.65 kg, 2.86 kg of fuel of 45822.20 kJ/kg
heating value are burned during a 6 min test and air metered to the cylinders at the rate of
0.182 kg/s. Find the brake thermal efficiency. Ans. 30.7%
15. A 16-cylinder, V type Diesel engine is directly coupled to 1 MW AC generator. Calculate the
combined thermal efficiency if the heat supplied by the fuel is 2.5 MW. Ans. 40%

16. A diesel engine is operating on a 4-stroke cycle has a heat rate of 8000 Btu / bhp-hr. The
compression ratio is 13, the cut-off ratio is 2 and k = 1.32.
Determine:
a. The cycle thermal efficiency. Ans. 50.10%
b. The brake thermal efficiency. Ans. 31.81%
c. The brake engine efficiency. Ans. 63.50%
17. A 500 kW Diesel engine has a heat rate of 12000 kJ/kW hr. The compression ratio is 16:1,
cut off ratio is 2.3. Assuming k = 1.32, calculate the engine efficiency based on the output of
500 kW. Ans. 58%
18. What is the indicated engine efficiency of a Diesel engine if the indicated thermal efficiency
is 35% and the cycle efficiency is 45%. Ans. 77.78%

19. If the overall thermal efficiency of a Diesel engine is 33% and the Diesel cycle efficiency is
49%, what is the combined engine efficiency? Ans. 67.35%
20. A six-cylinder, 4-stroke cycle Diesel engine with 76.2 mm x 88.9 mm bore diameter and
stroke respectively was tested in the laboratory at 2000 rpm, when it was found out that the
brake torque was 153.2 N m with all cylinders firing but 122.7 N m when one cylinder was
cut-out. The engine consumed 12.15 kg per hour of fuel with a calorific value of 10777.8 kcal
/ kg and
127.4 kg of air at 15.6 C per hour. Determine:
a. The brake power. Ans. 32.10 kW
b. The indicated power. Ans. 38.33 kW
c. The mechanical efficiency. Ans. 83.75%
d. The indicated thermal efficiency. Ans. 25.17 %
e. The volumetric efficiency. Ans. 71.60%
21. A Diesel engine power plant was given a test of 45 min. duration. The various performance
data were taken during the test. The engine is 8-cylinder, 2 stroke – cycle, single acting,
37.47 cm x 45.72 cm engine size, 267 rpm, average indicated mean effective pressure,
5.73 kgf / cm2. The engine is direct connected to an electric generator rated at 750 kW.
Electrical output was read by watt hour meter, 7562 kW hr before test, 8087 kW hr after
test. Fuel quantity was measured by direct weighing, 168.7 kg for the run. Jacket cooling
water flow by venturi meter, 1136 L/min with inlet temperature of 35oC, outlet, 48.1oC.
Average fuel temperature is taken at 23.90C with a fuel specific gravity of 0.921.
Atmospheric temperature, 18.3oC, exhaust gas temperature, 398.9oC. Power used for plant
pumps, 4 kW. During the test, exhaust gas analysis determined that the Air – Fuel ratio was
26.62. Perform a Plant Performance Calculations and 4-Item Heat Balance.
Ans. %Qb = 27.389%, %Qjw = 37.672%, %Qg = 31.251%, %Qrad = 3.733%
22. During a test on a four-stroke cycle Diesel engine, the following data and results were
obtained:

Mean length of indicator diagram, 21 mm

Indicator spring calibration, 27 kPa/ mm
Area of indicator card diagram, 441.08 mm2
Swept volume of cylinder, 14 L
Speed of engine, 6.6 rev/s
Effective brake load, 77 kg
Effective brake arm length, 0.7 m
Fuel consumption, 0.002 kg/s
Calorific value of fuel, 44000 kJ/kg
Jacket cooling water circulation, o.15 kg/s; entering, 38oC; leaving, 71oC
Energy to exhaust gas, 33.6 kJ/s

Determine the following:

a. The indicated and brake outputs, and the mechanical efficiency of the engine.
Ans. IP = 26.2 kW, BP = 22 kW, Nm = 84%

b. Draw up an overall heat balance in kJ/s and as percentage.

Ans. Qf = 88 kJ/s (100%), Qb = 22 kJ/s (25%), Qjw = 20.7 kJ/s (23.5%), Qg = 33.6 kJ/s
(38.2%), Qrad = 11.7 kJ/s (13.3%)
23. A 100 hp diesel engine has a brake thermal efficiency of 35% and jacket loss of 30%. If the
engine is to be cooled by means of a cooling tower having a range of 30C, find the mass
flow rate of cooling water leaving the tower. Ans. 1832.40 kg/hr
24. A two- stroke cycle Diesel engine was used to drive an electric generator with an efficiency
of 98% at a rated capacity of 1000 kW. The Diesel engine was cooled by an atmospheric
cooling tower with an efficiency of 60% and a temperature of approach of 10 oC. If the air at
the plant site has a relative humidity of 70% and dry bulb temperature of 32oC, determine the
amount of water to be supplied to the engine. Ans. 62460 L/hr
25. A 1007.1kW, diesel engine has an exhaust gas temperature of 389.89C. It is operated most
of the time at 80% its rated capacity with a fuel consumption of 0.256kg/kW-hr and air-fuel
ratio of 23.3. A waste-heat recovery boiler is used to recover heat form the exhaust gases
which leaves the boiler at 4.44C higher than the temperature of the steam generated. If
steam is produced at 0.14MPa dry & saturated and jacket water at 65.56C is used for boiler
feed, find the amount of steam produced. Boiler efficiency, 75%. For exhaust gas, Cpg=0.255
kcal/kg-C. Ans. 460.41 kg / hr.
26. A waste heat recovery boiler receives energy from 10 kg/s of 950C hot gases from a diesel
engine. The exit temperature of hot gases (Cpg = 1.0 kJ/kg-oK) has been reduced to 250C.
Steam is produced at 5 MPa (dry saturated) from 95C feed water. How much steam is
produced? At 5 MPa, hg = 2794.3 kJ/kg. Ans. 10,515 kg/hr
27. There are supplied 317 kJ/cycle to an ideal Diesel engine operating on 0.227 kg/cycle of air.
The suction pressure is 97.91 kPa and the suction temperature is 49C. At the end of
compression, the pressure is 3930 kPa.
Determine:
a. The compression ratio. Ans. 14
b. The percent clearance and cut-off ratio. Ans. 7.69%, 2.5
c. The network of the cycle. Ans. 180.12 kJ/cycle
d. The thermal efficiency of the cycle. Ans. 56.81%
e. The mean effective pressure. Ans. 905.13 kPa
28. An air standard Diesel engine has a compression ratio of 20 and cut off ratio of 5. If the
intake air pressure and temperature are 100 kPa and 27C respectively, find the network of
the cycle. Ans. 2166.31 kJ/kg
29. What is the final temperature after compression of a Diesel cycle if the initial temperature is
32oC and the clearance is 8%? Ans. 863.84 K

30. At the beginning of compression of an ideal Diesel cycle using air has a pressure of 15 psia,
a temperature of 75oF, and a specific volume of 13.2 ft3/lb. For a compression ratio of 15 and
heat addition of 352 Btu/lb, calculate:
a. The pressures and temperatures at the end of compression, at the end of heat addition
and at the end of expansion. Ans. 664.7 psia and 1580oR, 664.7 psia and 3047oR, 37.6
psia and 1341oR
b. The network of the cycle. Ans. 214.2 Btu/lb
c. The thermal efficiency of the cycle. 60.9%
d. The hp developed by an ideal engine operating on the cycle and using 0.50 lb of air/s.
Ans. 151.5 hp