The document provides guidance on important topics to cover earlier for the MDCAT exam, including biology, chemistry, physics, and English.
In the biology section, it lists 21 major content areas such as variation and genetics, cell structure and function, biological molecules, life processes, coordination and control, and biodiversity. For each content area, it provides subtopics to focus on with examples. It also provides links for MCQs practice.
The document provides guidance on important topics to cover earlier for the MDCAT exam, including biology, chemistry, physics, and English.
In the biology section, it lists 21 major content areas such as variation and genetics, cell structure and function, biological molecules, life processes, coordination and control, and biodiversity. For each content area, it provides subtopics to focus on with examples. It also provides links for MCQs practice.
The document provides guidance on important topics to cover earlier for the MDCAT exam, including biology, chemistry, physics, and English.
In the biology section, it lists 21 major content areas such as variation and genetics, cell structure and function, biological molecules, life processes, coordination and control, and biodiversity. For each content area, it provides subtopics to focus on with examples. It also provides links for MCQs practice.
The document provides guidance on important topics to cover earlier for the MDCAT exam, including biology, chemistry, physics, and English.
In the biology section, it lists 21 major content areas such as variation and genetics, cell structure and function, biological molecules, life processes, coordination and control, and biodiversity. For each content area, it provides subtopics to focus on with examples. It also provides links for MCQs practice.
Biology Section SECTION : BIOLOGY Content List of Biology "Arranged According to Weightage" Note: In Biology, Chemistry and Physics section, 70% questions will be recall and 30% will be application level.
Content
1 Variation and Genetics / Inheritance (Hard)
2 Cell structure and function (Medium)
3 Biological molecules (Hard)
4 Life process in animals and plants (nutrition (M) / gaseous exchange (H) /transport (M).
5 Coordination and control/ Nervous coordination (M) & chemical coordination(H)
6 Biodiversity (Acellular life/variety of life) (Hard)
7 Reproduction (Easy)
8 Biotechnology/ Genetic technology (Hard)
9 Evolution (Easy)
10 Bioenergetics (Hard)
11 Chromosome and DNA/ Nucleic acid and protein synthesis (Hard)
12 Support and Movement (Hard)
13 Diversity among animals (Medium)
14 Homeostasis (Medium)
15 Prokaryotes (Easy)
16 Diversity among plants (Hard)
17 Enzymes (Easy)
18 Cell cycle (Easy)
19 Protists and fungi (Medium)
20 Growth and Development (Hard)
21 Environmental Biology (Medium)
1 Subtopics
1.Variation and Genetics / Inheritance SUBT OPICS
Mendel’s law of inheritance
Gregor John Mendel and his worked Mendel’s experiment Inheritance of single trait Mendel’s principles of inheritance Inheritance of two traits Law of independent assortment Scope of independent assortment in variation Statistics and probability relevant to genetics Complete dominance Co-dominance Multiple alleles,Epistasis and Polygenic inheritance Gene linkages and crossing over Sex linkages in drosophila Sex linkage in human Genetics of Haemophilia,Colour blindness Diabetes Mellitus
2.Cell structure and
function SUBT OPICS
Techiques to isolate components of cell.
Centrifugation Cell wall Plasma membrane Fluid mosaic model Cytoplasm and cell organelles Nucleus Endoplasmic reticulum Ribosome Mitochondria Golgi apparatus/Golgi complex/Golgi bodies Lysozyme Peroxisome/Glyoxysome functions Cytoskeleton elements with functions Structure of Centriole Plastids/ Chloroplast Vacuoles, Prokaryote and eukaryote
For MCQs Practice Go Through Below Link
Click Link 2 infoyoutubemcqs@pmdc.gov.pk 3.Biological molecules SUBT OPICS
4.Life processes in animals and plants (Nutrition/ Gaseous exchange/Transport) SUBT OPICS
Carnivorous plants/ Parasitic nutrition (pitcher plant, Venus fly trap, Sundew) Autotrophic Nutrition Role of some important mineral nutrients and their deficiency symptoms Nutrition in Cockroach Human digestive system and Disorders of the GIT. Respiratory system (Gaseous Exchange) Osmotic pressure/potential Water and mineral uptake by roots, Xylem and Phloem Human heart structure, Blood and Blood vessels Lymphatic system Immune system
5.Coordination and control/ Nervous & chemical coordination) SUBT OPICS
Biological clock and Circadian rhythms
Plant Hormones and The way plants response to enviromental stresses Nervous System of Man (CNS and PNS) Nerve Impulse Steps involved in nervous coordination Neurons (Structure and Types) Transmission of Action Potential between Cells – Synapse Review Electrical synapses Chemical synapses Transmission of nerve impulse across synapse
For MCQs Practice Go Through Below Link
Click Link 3 infoyoutubemcqs@pmdc.gov.pk 6-DIVERSITY
AMONG ANIMALS
(THE KINGDOM
ANIMALIA) Common disorders of nervous system
Hormones-The chemical messengers Endocrine glands Feedback Mechanism Positive feedback Mechanism Negative feedback Mechanism Review Types of Innate Behaviour and Learned Behaviour
6.Biodiversity 7- ENZYMES (Acellular life/ Variety of life) SUBT OPICS
Discovery of viruses, Structure of viruses, Classification of viruses, Bacteriophage and It's Life cycles. Major routes of plant diseases transmission Viral diseases caustive agents AIDS "Symptoms , Transmission and it's control" Hepatitis Rabies Measles and Mumps Cold
7.Reproduction SUBT OPICS
Types of pollination,Development of female and male gametophyte
Role of pollen tube Double fertilization in Plants Kinds of Racemose and Cymose Inflorescene Seedless fruit-parthenocarpy and Seed Germination Asexual reproduction in animals and Sex types Male reproductive system and formation of male gametes Female reproductive system (including formation of female gametes and menstrual cycle) Sexually Transmitted Diseases
For MCQs Practice Go Through Below Link
Click Link 4 infoyoutubemcqs@pmdc.gov.pk 8.Biotechnology/ Genetic Technology SUBT OPICS
Cloning of gene Recombinant DNA technology Selection and isolation of desired gene Molecular scissors Molecular carriers or vectors Small size example of vectors Molecular glue (DNA Ligase) Expression system Procedure of recombinant DNA technology Polymerase chain reaction Components of PCR technique Mechanism of PCR reaction Application of PCR DNA sequencing Gel Electrophoresis Automated DNA sequencing Transgenic organisms Biotechnology and healthcare
9.Evolution
SUBT OPICS
Concepts of Evolution Inheritance of acquired characteristics Darwinism’s Darwin’s voyage of HMS beagle and his observations Darwin’s theory evolution Weismann's theory Evidences in favour of Organic Evolution
12-SUPPORT & M OVEM ENT
For MCQs Practice Go Through Below Link
Click Link 5 infoyoutubemcqs@pmdc.gov.pk 10.Bioenergetics SUBT OPICS
Photosynthesis, Role of light, water, CO2,/ Factors effecting photosynthesis Role of Chlorophyll (also formula) and other pigments Production of ATP and It's role Electron transport chain Light dependent and light independent phases/reactions Glycolysis/ Glycolytic pathway/Aerobic respiration Oxidative phosphorylation/Cyclic and non-cyclic phosphorylation Anaerobic respiration (Respiration without oxygen) Average Knowledge about C4 plants Efficiency of Energy flow and it's significance
11.Chromosome and DNA/ Nucleic acid and Protein synthesis
SUBT OPICS
Chromosomes Number of chromosomes Structure of chromosomes Composition and organization of chromosomes Concept of gene DNA as heredity material Mechanism of DNA replication Gene expression Genetic code Transcription Translation Chromosomal, Gene Mutations and Examples
12.Support and Movement 12-SUPPORT & SUBT OPICS M OVEM ENT Supportive tissues of Plants Movements in Plants Types of skeleton system and functions Review Axial and Apendicular skeleton Structure of Bones and Cartilages Types of Joints Deformities of skeleton and common diseases such as Arthritis and it's main types
For MCQs Practice Go Through Below Link
Click Link 6 infoyoutubemcqs@pmdc.gov.pk Review repairing of a broken bone Muscles Types of muscles Skeletal Muscles,Structure and Mechanism of contraction Cardiac Muscles Smooth Muscles Locomotory organs of Protozoa and Lower Animals
13.Diversity among Animals (The Kingdom Animalia) SUBT OPICS
Characteristics and diversity among the animals
Summary of Characteristics of Major Animalia Phyla
14.Homeostasis
SUBT OPICS
Mechanism of Homeostasis Receptors Control center Effector Positive feedback Negative feedback Osmoregulation Water relations of Cell Osmoregulation in Plants (Hydrophytes,Xerophytes,etc.) Osmoregulations in terrestrial animals key features Excretion in Man,Kidney stones with method of removing and Dialysis Excretory products and their corelation with habitat in animals Excretory organ in Earthworm,Planaria and Cockroach Ectothermic and Endothermic animals and Mechamisms of thermoregulation in Man
15.Prokaryotes 12-SUPPORT & (Kingdom Monera) M OVEM ENT SUBT OPICS
Cellular Structure of bacteria
Shape and size of bacteria Nutrition,Respiration,Locomotion,Growth and Reproduction Importance and control of bacteria Cyanobacteria key features
For MCQs Practice Go Through Below Link
Click Link 7 infoyoutubemcqs@pmdc.gov.pk 16.Diversity among Plants (The Kingdom Plantae) SUBT OPICS
General introduction of plants
Characteristics/Features of plants Important Botanical Names
17.Enzymes SUBT OPICS
Introduction/Characteristics of enzymes Mechanism of action of enzymes Factors effecting rate of enzyme action Enzyme inhibition
18.Cell cycle
SUBT OPICS
Interphase with substages
Mitosis and Meiosis Uncontrol Cell Divsion Cell Death (Necrosis and Apoptosis)
19.Protists and Fungi
(Kingdom Protoctista and Kingdom Fungi)
SUBT OPICS
Major groups among Protists (Algae (Plant like protists), Protozoa
(Animal like protists)) 12-SUPPORT & Characteristics of Protists M OVEM ENT Characteristics of Fungi
For MCQs Practice Go Through Below Link
Click Link 8 infoyoutubemcqs@pmdc.gov.pk 20.Growth and Development SUBT OPICS
Development of chick Organogensis Embroyonic induction Aging
The flow of Energy(Productivity, Trophic levels) Ecological Succession Population Dynamics Human impacts on his environment Nuclear Power ,CO2 and Global Warming, Acid Rain, Ozone Depletion, Common pollution sources Environmental Resources and their Depletion
12-SUPPORT & M OVEM ENT
For MCQs Practice Go Through Below Link
Click Link 9 infoyoutubemcqs@pmdc.gov.pk "Don't Bound Yourself With Syllabus After Covering This Do The Remaining Important Topics"
