ABSTRACT

A Bharat Nari is a portal which allows merchants in developing counters to advertise and sell their
goods. This would permit rural communities to make their wares available to the rest of the world.

The objective of this project is to create a portal which would allow product information to be updated
securely using a mobile device and will allow users to buy goods form the merchant. The main concern
is given to the village women’s to explore their talents and to enhance our traditional Indian culture.

In future the internet become whole and soul to the business fields, each and every trades are going to
be done through it so this portal may helpful to the women as a business person in this running world. e
Commerce Project Report Android App
 

CHAPTER 1 –INTRODUCTION
The term “Electronic commerce” (or e-Commerce) refers to the use of an electronic medium to carry out
commercial transactions. Most of the time, it refers to the sale of products via Internet, but the
term eCommerce also covers purchasing mechanisms via Internet (for B-To-B).

A client who purchases on the Internet is called a cyberconsumer. E-Commerce is not only limited to
online sales, but also covers:

Preparation of estimates online

Consulting of users
Provision of an electronic catalog
Access plan to point of sales
Real-time management of product availability (stock)
Online payment
Delivery tracking
After-sales service
In certain cases, electronic commerce makes it possible to highly customize products, in particular
when the electronic commerce site is linked with the production system of the enterprise (e.g. business
cards, customized items such as T-shirts, cups, caps, etc.)

Finally, insofar as electronic services and products are concerned (MP3 files, software programs, e-
books, etc.), electronic commerce makes it possible to receive the purchase in a very short time, if not
immediately.
Most electronic commerce sites are online stores which have at least the following elements at the
front-office level:

An online electronic catalog listing all products for sale, their price and sometimes their availability
(product in stock or number of days before delivery);

A search engine which makes it possible to easily locate a product via search criteria (brand, price
range, key word, etc.) ;

A virtual caddy system (sometimes called virtual cart): This is the heart of the e-commerce system. The
virtual caddy makes it possible to trace the purchases of the client along the way and modify the
quantities for each reference;

Secure online payment (accounting) is often ensured by a trusted third party (a bank) via
a secure transaction;

An order tracking system, which allows tracking of order processing and sometimes provides
information on pickup of the package by the shipper.

A back office system allows the online dealer to organize its offerings online, modify prices, add or
remove product references as well as manage and handle client orders.

E Commerce stands for electronic commerce and caters to trading in goods and services through the
electronic medium such as internet, mobile or any other computer network. It involves the use of
Information and Communication Technology (ICT) and Electronic Funds Transfer (EFT) in making
commerce between consumers and organizations, organization and organization or consumer and
consumer. With the growing use of internet worldwide, Electronic Data Interchange (EDI) has also
increased in humungous amounts and so has flourished e-commerce with the prolific virtual internet
bazaar inside the digital world which is righty termed as e-malls.

We now have access to almost every knick-knack of our daily lives at competitive prices on the internet.
No matter one is educated or illiterate, an urbane or a countryman, in India or in U.K; all you need is an
internet connection and a green bank account. With e-commerce then, you can buy almost anything
you wish for without actually touching the product physically and inquiring the salesman n number of
times before placing the final order. Here is a beautiful picture depicting how has human life evolved to
adapt to the digital world and hence trading over the internet. As seen, from pizza and potted plant to
pair of shoes, we have everything on sale on the internet available in tempting offers..!! Snapdeal.com,
Amazon, eBay, Naaptol, Myntra, etc are some of the most popular e-commerce websites.
Tracing some steps back, it’s been recorded that some institutes of the western world started
exchanging information and data electronically by the late 1970s. But the concept of online trading of
goods was first witnessed much later with the dawn of 1990. In 1994, Jeff Bezos; an American
businessman started his e-commerce website Cadabra.com, now popularly known as Amazon.com.
Amazon was the first online firm to execute secured online transactions.

Dell Inc emerged as the first company ever to record sales in millions of dollars in 1997. It was also the
first company to sell large number of assembled computers online. It is popularly known for its
successful business model and in the year 2007, it was listed as the 34thlargest company in the
Fortune500 list.

In the United States, certain electronic commerce activities are regulated by the Federal Trade
Commission (FTC). These activities include but not limit to the use of commercial e-mails, online
advertising and consumer privacy. The CAN-SPAM Act of 2003 establishes national standards for direct
marketing over e-mail. The Federal Trade Commission Act regulates all forms of advertising, including
online advertising, and states that advertising must be truthful and non-deceptive.[26] Using its authority
under Section 5 of the FTC Act, which prohibits unfair or deceptive practices, the FTC has brought a
number of cases to enforce the promises in corporate privacy statements, including promises about the
security of consumers’ personal information.[27] As a result, any corporate privacy policy related to e-
commerce activity may be subject to enforcement by the FTC.

The Ryan Haight Online Pharmacy Consumer Protection Act of 2008, which came into law in 2008,
amends the Controlled Substances Act to address online pharmacies.[28]

Conflict of laws in cyberspace is a major hurdle for harmonization of legal framework for e-commerce
around the world. In order to give a uniformity to e-commerce law around the world, many countries
adopted the UNCITRAL Model Law on Electronic Commerce (1996).[29]

Internationally there is the International Consumer Protection and Enforcement Network (ICPEN), which
was formed in 1991 from an informal network of government customer fair trade organisations. The
purpose was stated as being to find ways of co-operating on tackling consumer problems connected
with cross-border transactions in both goods and services, and to help ensure exchanges of information
among the participants for mutual benefit and understanding. From this came Econsumer.gov, an
ICPEN initiative since April 2001. It is a portal to report complaints about online and related transactions
with foreign companies.

There is also Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) was established in 1989 with the vision of
achieving stability, security and prosperity for the region through free and open trade and investment.
APEC has an Electronic Commerce Steering Group as well as working on common privacy regulations
throughout the APEC region.
In Australia, Trade is covered under Australian Treasury Guidelines for electronic commerce,[30] and
the Australian Competition and Consumer Commission[31]regulates and offers advice on how to deal
with businesses online,[32] and offers specific advice on what happens if things go wrong.[33]

In the United Kingdom, The Financial Services Authority (FSA)[34] was formerly the regulating authority
for most aspects of the EU’s Payment Services Directive (PSD), until its replacement in 2013 by
the Prudential Regulation Authority and the Financial Conduct Authority.[35] The UK implemented the
PSD through the Payment Services Regulations 2009 (PSRs), which came into effect on 1 November
2009. The PSR affects firms providing payment services and their customers. These firms include
banks, non-bank credit card issuers and non-bank merchant acquirers, e-money issuers, etc. The
PSRs created a new class of regulated firms known as payment institutions (PIs), who are subject to
prudential requirements. Article 87 of the PSD requires the European Commission to report on the
implementation and impact of the PSD by 1 November 2012.[36]

In India, the Information Technology Act 2000 governs the basic applicability of e-commerce.

In China, the Telecommunications Regulations of the People’s Republic of China (promulgated on 25

September 2000), stipulated the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology (MIIT) as the
government department regulating all telecommunications related activities, including electronic
commerce.[37] On the same day, The Administrative Measures on Internet Information Services
released, is the first administrative regulation to address profit-generating activities conducted through
the Internet, and lay the foundation for future regulations governing e-commerce in China.[38] On 28
August 2004, the eleventh session of the tenth NPC Standing Committee adopted The Electronic
Signature Law, which regulates data message, electronic signature authentication and legal liability
issues. It is considered the first law in China’s e-commerce legislation. It was a milestone in the course
of improving China’s electronic commerce legislation, and also marks the entering of China’s rapid
development stage for electronic commerce legislation.

In 1996, Forrester Research Institute (www.forrester.com) predicted that B2C would be a $6.6 billion
business in 2000, up from $518 million in 1996. Then they revised the figure to $20 billion, and the
prediction keeps growing. In 1997, about $10 billion worth of B2B transactions were conducted over the
Internet. Predictions on the total size of ECommerce vary. For 2010, total online shopping and
B2Btransactions are estimated to be in the range of $700 billion to $4 trillion. Some E-Commerce
applications, such as auctions and online stock trading, are growing at a rate of 15 percent to 25
percent per month, and the number of Internet users worldwide is predicted to reach 750 million by
2008.

The benefits to organizations are as follows: • Electronic commerce expands the market lace to national
and international market with minimal capital outlay, a company can easily and quickly locate more
customers, the best suppliers, and the most suitable business partners worldwide. • Electronic
commerce decreases the cost of creating, processing, distributing, storing, and retrieving paper-based
information. For example, by introducing an electronic procurement system, companies can cut the
purchasing administrative costs by as much as 85 percent. • Ability for creating highly specialized
businesses. For example, dog toys which can be purchased only in pet shops or department and
discounts stores in the physical world are sold now in a specialized www.dogtoys.com (also see
www.cattoys.com). • Electronic commerce allows reduced inventories and overhead by facilitating “pull”
type supply chain management. In a pull-type system the process starts from customer orders and uses
just-in-time manufacturing. • The pull-type processing enables expensive customization of products and
services which provides competitive advantage to its implementers. 21 • Electronic commerce reduces
the time between the outlay of capital and the receipt of products and services. • Electronic commerce
initiates business processes reengineering projects By changing processes, productivity of salespeople,
knowledge workers, and administrators can increase by 100 percent or more. • Electronic commerce
lowers telecommunication cost the internet is much cheaper than value added networks. • Other
benefits include improved image, improved customer service, new found business partners, simplified
processes, compressed cycle and delivery time, increased productivity, eliminating paper, expediting
access to information, reduced transportation costs, and increased flexiblity.

1.1  Objectives
E-Services for gram panchayath aim is to provide the information about the services or schemes and
application for each services of gram panchayath and it also view and update by the staff of gram
panchayath.

1.2  System Specifications

Hardware Requirements:-

Windows OS
Software Requirements: –

Operating System :   Windows OS

Front-End            :    HTML, CSS, and JS

Back-End             :    Angular JS, PHP, MYSQL

Tool                     :    Cordova

CHAPTER 2 – LITERATURE REVIEW

In 2010, the United Kingdom had the highest per capita e-commerce spending in the world.[41] As of
2013, the Czech Republic was the European country where e-commerce delivers the biggest
contribution to the enterprises´ total revenue. Almost a quarter (24%) of the country’s total turnover is
generated via the online channel.[42]

Among emerging economies, China’s e-commerce presence continues to expand every year. With 668
million Internet users, China’s online shopping sales reached $253 billion in the first half of 2015,
accounting for 10% of total Chinese consumer retail sales in that period.[43] The Chinese retailers have
been able to help consumers feel more comfortable shopping online.[44] E-commerce transactions
between China and other countries increased 32% to 2.3 trillion yuan ($375.8 billion) in 2012 and
accounted for 9.6% of China’s total international trade.[45] In 2013, Alibaba had an e-commerce market
share of 80% in China.[46] In 2014, there were 600 million Internet users in China (twice as many as in
the US), making it the world’s biggest online market.[47] China is also the largest e-commerce market
in the world by value of sales, with an estimated US$899 billion in 2016.[48]

In 2013, Brazil’s e-commerce was growing quickly with retail e-commerce sales expected to grow at a
double-digit pace through 2014. By 2016, eMarketer expected retail e-commerce sales in Brazil to
reach $17.3 billion.[49] India has an Internet user base of about 243.2 million as of January 2014.
[citation needed] Despite being third largest user base in world, the penetration of Internet is low
compared to markets like the United States, United Kingdom or France but is growing at a much faster
rate, adding around 6 million new entrants every month.[citation needed] In India, cash on delivery is
the most preferred payment method, accumulating 75% of the e-retail activities.[citation needed]

E-Commerce has become an important tool for small and large businesses worldwide, not only to sell
to customers, but also to engage them.[50][51]

In 2012, ecommerce sales topped $1 trillion for the first time in history.[52]

Mobile devices are playing an increasing role in the mix of eCommerce, this is also commonly called
mobile commerce, or m-commerce. In 2014, one estimate saw purchases made on mobile devices
making up 25% of the market by 2017.[53]
For traditional businesses, one research stated that information technology and cross-border e-
commerce is a good opportunity for the rapid development and growth of enterprises. Many companies
have invested enormous volume of investment in mobile applications. The DeLone and McLean Model
stated that three perspectives contribute to a successful e-business: information system quality, service
quality and users’ satisfaction.[54] There is no limit of time and space, there are more opportunities to
reach out to customers around the world, and to cut down unnecessary intermediate links, thereby
reducing the cost price, and can benefit from one on one large customer data analysis, to achieve a
high degree of personal customization strategic plan, in order to fully enhance the core competitiveness
of the products in company

Economists have theorized that e-commerce ought to lead to intensified price competition, as it

increases consumers’ ability to gather information about products and prices. Research by four
economists at the University of Chicago has found that the growth of online shopping has also affected
industry structure in two areas that have seen significant growth in e-commerce, bookshops and travel
agencies. Generally, larger firms are able to use economies of scale and offer lower prices. The lone
exception to this pattern has been the very smallest category of bookseller, shops with between one
and four employees, which appear to have withstood the trend.[56] Depending on the category, e-
commerce may shift the switching costs—procedural, relational, and financial—experienced by
customers.[57]

Individual or business involved in e-commerce whether buyers or sellers rely on Internet-based

technology in order to accomplish their transactions. E-commerce is recognized for its ability to allow
business to communicate and to form transaction anytime and anyplace. Whether an individual is in the
US or overseas, business can be conducted through the internet. The power of e-commerce allows
geophysical barriers to disappear, making all consumers and businesses on earth potential customers
and suppliers. Thus, switching barriers and switching costs may shift.[57] eBay is a good example of e-
commerce business individuals and businesses are able to post their items and sell them around the
Globe.[58]

In e-commerce activities, supply chain and logistics are two most crucial factors need to be considered.
Typically, cross-border logistics need about few weeks time round[clarification needed]. Based on this
low efficiency of the supply chain service, customer satisfaction will be greatly reduced.[59] Some
researcher stated that combining e-commerce competence and IT setup could well enhance company’s
overall business worth.[60] Other researcher stated that e-commerce need to consider the
establishment of warehouse centers in foreign countries, to create high efficiency of the logistics
system, not only improve customers’ satisfaction, but also can improve customers’ loyalty.

or a long time, companies had been troubled by the gap between the benefits which supply chain
technology has and the solutions to deliver those benefits. However, the emergence of e-commerce
has provided a more practical and effective way of delivering the benefits of the new supply chain
technologies.[61]

E-commerce has the capability to integrate all inter-company and intra-company functions, meaning
that the three flows (physical flow, financial flow and information flow) of the supply chain could be also
affected by e-commerce. The affections on physical flows improved the way of product and inventory
movement level for companies. For the information flows, e-commerce optimised the capacity of
information processing than companies used to have, and for the financial flows, e-commerce allows
companies to have more efficient payment and settlement solutions.[61]

In addition, e-commerce has a more sophisticated level of impact on supply chains: Firstly, the
performance gap will be eliminated since companies can identify gaps between different levels of
supply chains by electronic means of solutions; Secondly, as a result of e-commerce emergence, new
capabilities such implementing ERP systems, like SAP ERP, Xero, or Megaventory, have helped
companies to manage operations with customers and suppliers. Yet these new capabilities are still not
fully exploited. Thirdly, technology companies would keep investing on new e-commerce software
solutions as they are expecting investment return. Fourthly, e-commerce would help to solve many
aspects of issues that companies may feel difficult to cope with, such as political barriers or cross-
country changes. Finally, e-commerce provides companies a more efficient and effective way to
collaborate with each other within the supply chain.

Along with the e-commerce and its unique charm that has appeared gradually, virtual enterprise, virtual
bank, network marketing, online shopping, payment and advertising, such this new vocabulary which is
unheard-of and now has become as familiar to people. This reflects that the e-commerce has huge
impact on the economy and society from the other side.[62] For instance, B2B is a rapidly growing
business in the world that leads to lower cost and then improves the economic efficiency and also bring
along the growth of employment.[63]

To understand how the e-commerce has affected the society and economy, this article will mention
six issues below:
E-commerce has changed the relative importance of time, but as the pillars of indicator of the
country’s economic state that the importance of time should not be ignored.
E-commerce offers the consumer or enterprise various information they need, making information
into total transparency, and enterprises are no longer is able to use the mode of space or
advertisement to raise their competitive edge.[64]Moreover, in theory, perfect competition between
the consumer sovereignty and industry will maximize social welfare.[65][66]
In fact, during the economic activity in the past, large enterprises frequently had the advantage of
information resources at the expense of consumers. Nowadays, the transparent and real-time
information protects the rights of consumers, because the consumers can use the internet to pick out
the portfolio to their own benefit. The competitiveness of enterprises will be much more obvious than
before; consequently, social welfare would be improved by the development of e-commerce.
The new economy led by e-commerce changes humanistic spirit as well, but above all, employee
loyalty.[67]Due to the market with competition, the employee’s level of professionalism becomes
 crucial for enterprise in the niche market. The enterprises must pay attention to how to build up the
enterprises inner culture and a set of interactive mechanisms and it is the prime problem for them.
Furthermore, though the mode of e-commerce decreases the information cost and transaction cost,
its development also makes human beings overly computer literate. Emphasizing a more humanistic
attitude to work is another project for enterprise to development. Life is the root of all and technology
is merely an assistive tool to support quality of life.
Online merchants gather purchase activity and interests of their customers. This information is
being used by the online marketers to promote relevant products and services. This creates an extra
convenience for online shoppers.
Online merchandise is searchable, which makes it more accessible to shoppers. Many online
retailers offer a review mechanism, which helps shoppers decide on the product to purchase. This is
another convenience and a satisfaction improvement factor.
E-commerce is not a new industry, technically speaking, but it is creating a new economic model. Most
people agree that e-commerce will positively impact economic society in the future, but in its early
stages its impacts are difficult to gauge. Some have noted that e-commerce is a sort of incorporeal
revolution.[68] E-commerce has numerous social benefits: one, the cost of running an e-commerce
business is very low when compared with running a physical store; two, there is no rent to pay on
expensive premises; and three, business processes are simplified and less man-hours are required to
run a typical business smoothly. In the area of law, education, culture and also policy, e-commerce will
continue to rise in impact. E-commerce will truly take human beings into the information society.

Purchasing supplies – By creating an online account for your business with supply stores you can
purchase office supplies and equipment online and save time and money by automating the
purchasing process. • Purchasing direct materials – These are materials that go into the production
or manufacturing of your products. Establishing a relationship with a vendor and purchasing online
may help reduce costs. • Selling products or services to new vendors – Having an online e-
commerce presence opens up more opportunities to extend your reach and gather new vendors
beyond your bricks and mortar offerings. • Leveraging your existing web presence – If you already
have B2C operations, you can extend them to business clientele – perhaps by providing private
areas for special pricing, delivery options, etc. However, this additional functionality is not trivial and
could require rebuilding your online store at a significant cost.
Management Information Systems (MIS) The information systems department is usually responsible for
the deployment of ECommerce. This discipline covers issues ranging from systems analysis to system
integration, not to mention planning, implementation, security, and payment systems, among others. 12
Accounting and Auditing The back-office operations of electronic transactions are similar to other
transactions in some respects, but different in others. For example, auditing electronic transactions
presents a challenge for the accounting profession; so does the development of methodologies
for .cost-benefit justification.

Management Electronic commerce efforts need to be managed properly, and because of the
interdisciplinary nature of E-Commerce, its management may require new approaches and theories.
Business Law and Ethics Legal and ethical issues are extremely important in E-Commerce, especially
in a global market. A large number of legislative bills are pending, and many ethical issues are
interrelated with legal ones, such as privacy and intellectual property. Others Several other disciplines
are involved in various aspects of E-Commerce to a lesser extent- for example, linguistics (translation in
international trades), robotics and sensory systems, operations research / management science,
statistics, and public policy and administration. Also, E-Commerce is of Interest to engineering, health
care,

E-business is the process of conducting business on the Internet. Its scope includes not only buying
and selling but also services, fulfilling the needs of customers and collaborating with business partners.
Business to business e-commerce is smart business. The opportunity for business to business e-
commerce is even greater. A wholesaler may sell products to the retailer. There are advanced e-
commerce software which support multi-tier pricing. This helps to set up online stores to offer preferred
pricing to some vendors and shared price to others. This includes internet-enabled initiatives of an
enterprise to form commercial linkages with another enterprise, dealer, warehouse or manufacturer. In
this form of e-commerce, e paperwork and time-to-market get vastly reduced. Throughout the world,
this ecommerce mode is the biggest.

In a B2B transaction, the interaction is between businesses. For example, a website that is catching for
the steel industry might have facility for buyers and sellers to list their requirements and post their
products. It helps them in quickly closing the transactions and the buyer can get quality, material and
can choose from different suppliers. 14 B2B commerce is a growing business in the e-commerce
arena- with the increasing use of the internet, more and more business are realizing the commercial
advantage of giving business clients a streamlined and easy manner to order products or service
online. It facilitates access to the ordering process to only those with whom a concern has a commercial
relationship. Business to Business e-commerce provides small and medium enterprises (SMES) with
an excellent opportunity to access new markets, improve customer service and reduce costs. And while
hurdles exist, they should be viewed more as speed breakers rather than road barriers.

As a medium of information storage and dissemination, the internet has and is emerging a clear winner.
Its rate of penetration has far outpaced the growth of other popular media such as newspaper, radio
and television.

B2B transactions are however relatively high value in nature and organisations are slow to change their
traditional systems for the supply chain management. The reasons for the growth in B2B e-commerce
are many. In an increasing competitive scenario, e-commerce offers highly attractive cost saving
options. The shift to this process is often driven by the needs of buyers. Innovative methods of
enhancing B2B and B2C levels of e-commerce include • Kiosks placed at physical store locations or in
shopping malls to introduce users to the easy online ordering options.
 Extranets to link businesses together that conduct regular business to .business transactions and
B2B transactions are however relatively high value in nature and organisations are slow to change
their traditional systems for the supply chain management. The reasons for the growth in B2B e-
commerce are many. In an increasing competitive scenario, e-commerce offers highly attractive cost
saving options. The shift to this process is often driven by the needs of buyers. Innovative methods of
enhancing B2B and B2C levels of e-commerce include
Kiosks placed at physical store locations or in shopping malls to introduce users to the easy online
ordering options. • Extranets to link businesses together that conduct regular business to .business
transactions and • Affiliate programmes to drive business to your commerce site from other content
related sites. B2B e-commerce is expected to be the largest mode of transacting e-business and is a
global phenomenon. It involves taking internet enabled initiatives to form commercial links with other
enterprises, dealers or manufacturers. In this form of e-commerce, a business firm places orders for
supplies with another business firms directly over the Internet. Paperwork and time required for
processing the order and delivery of the goods are thus reduced to a great extent.
B2C e-commerce involves selling of goods and services to consumers or end users. It allows them to
browse the product catalogue, select products or services and complete the order online. In a B2C
transaction, the interaction is between a consumer and the preferred business. For example, the most
popular site is amazon.com, which is the first online bookseller which has proved a potential competitor
to the traditional bricks and mortar booksellers such as Barrens and Noble. In this category of e-
commerce, businesses use the internet to offer to consumers sales and services around the world 24
hours a day, seven days a week and 365 days a year, The sites Amazon, Rediff and Uphar are among
those belonging to this category. These websites are meant for selling goods directly to consumers
through the internet. The twoway accessibility of the internet enables operating companies to directly
ascertain customer preference and buying trends. Businesses are using these consumer insights to
formulate marketing strategies and offer to the customers what they want and when they 16 want. E-
business in this mode significantly reduces the costs associated with intermediaries, service centres
and mass marketing campaigns. Since e-commerce makes just in time delivery possible, the supplier
does not have to store the goods. He can procure them from the suppliers as and when he gets the
order from the buyer through the internet.

B2C is the most popular form of e-commerce, wherein the individuals are directly involved in B2C e-
commerce, and businesses use the internet for offering their products or services 24 hours a day
through global access. The sites Amazon.com and Rediff are among these. These websites spell goods
directly to consumers over the Internet. The two way accessibility feature of the internet enables
operating companies to ascertain consumer preferences and buying trends directly

Existing Solution:

This system helps in enhancing our traditional handmade products to publish in the market.
The system helps buyers to search the product in their figure tips.
It provides the easy way to buy the product directly from the merchants without the interface of any
third party.
It also helps the rural people to sell their products to the market and to earn money to improve their
status.
 

Proposed Solution:

In the proposed system we tried to provide the high security than the existing system.
Try to make the rural people to feel to fill the description about their products.
We will provide friendlier environment than the existing one.
 

CHAPTER 3 OVERALL DESCRIPTION

OF THE PROPOSED SYSTEM
3.1 Module Description
Here going to participate too actors. They are User and Merchants. Merchants will update their product
for sales. User enters this system and select their product and add to cart.

3.2 System Features

In the life of the software development, problem analysis provides a base for design and development
phase. The problem is analyzed so that sufficient matter is provided to design a new system. Large
problems are sub-divided into smaller once to make them understandable and easy for finding
solutions. Same in this project all the task are sub-divided and categorized.
 

System Modules:

Merchant

Register and login

View Product
Add to cart
My order
Place order
User

Register and login

Upload Product details
 

Module Description:

Register Login Module:-

In login module the customer and merchants can login to the             application if they already created
their account and signed in.

View Product:

User enters this system view the product via direct and search option.

Add to cart:

Users select their product and book the product

My Order:

User can see their own order details.

Upload product details:

Merchants can upload their product details like Name, Description, Image, Quantity, Quality

 
 

CHAPTER 4 – DESIGN
Design is the first step in the development phase for any techniques and principles for the purpose of
defining a device, a process or system in sufficient detail to permit its physical realization.

Once the software requirements have been analyzed and specified the software design involves three
technical activities – design, coding, implementation and testing that are required to build and verify the
software.

The design activities are of main importance in this phase, because in this activity, decisions ultimately
affecting the success of the software implementation and its ease of maintenance are made. These
decisions have the final bearing upon reliability and maintainability of the system. Design is the only
way to accurately translate the customer’s requirements into finished software or a system.

Design is the place where quality is fostered in development. Software design is a process through
which requirements are translated into a representation of software. Software design is conducted in
two steps. Preliminary design is concerned with the transformation of requirements into data.

4.1UML Diagrams:
UML stands for Unified Modeling Language. UML is a language for specifying, visualizing and
documenting the system. This is the step while developing any product after analysis. The goal from
this is to produce a model of the entities involved in the project which later need to be built. The
representation of the entities that are to be used in the product being developed need to be designed.

There are various kinds of methods in software design:

 

Use case Diagram

Sequence Diagram
Collaboration Diagram
4.1.1Usecase Diagrams:

Use case diagrams model behavior within a system and helps the developers understand of what the
user require. The stick man represents what’s called an actor. Use case diagram can be useful for
getting an overall view of the system and clarifying who can do and more importantly what they can’t
do.

Use case diagram consists of use cases and actors and shows the interaction between the use case
and actors.

The purpose is to show the interactions between the use case and actor.
To represent the system requirements from user’s perspective.
An actor could be the end-user of the system or an external system
 

4.1.2 Sequence Diagram:

Sequence diagram and collaboration diagram are called INTERACTION DIAGRAMS. An interaction
diagram shows an interaction, consisting of set of objects and their relationship including the messages
that may be dispatched among them.

A sequence diagram is an introduction that empathizes the time ordering of messages. Graphically a
sequence diagram is a table that shows objects arranged along the X-axis and messages ordered in
increasing time along the Y-axis.

4.1.3 Collaboration Diagram:

A collaboration diagram is a type of visual presentation that shows how various software objects
interact with each other within an overall IT architecture and how users can benefit from
this collaboration. A collaboration diagram often comes in the form of a visual chart that resembles a
flow chart.

CHAPTER 5 – OUTPUT SCREENSHOTS

 

 
 

CHAPTER 6 – IMPLEMENTATION
DETAILS
6.1 Introduction to Html Framework
Hyper Text Markup Language, commonly referred to as HTML, is the standard markup language used
to create web pages. Along with CSS, and JavaScript, HTML is a cornerstone technology used to
create web pages, as well as to create user interfaces for mobile and web applications. Web
browsers can read HTML files and render them into visible or audible web pages. HTML describes the
structure of a website semantically along with cues for presentation, making it a markup language,
rather than a programming language.

HTML elements form the building blocks of HTML pages. HTML allows images and other objects to be
embedded and it can be used to create interactive forms. It provides a means to create structured
documents by denoting structuralsemantics for text such as headings, paragraphs, lists, links, quotes
and other items. HTML elements are delineated by tags, written using angle brackets. Tags such
as <img /> and <input /> introduce content into the page directly. Others such as <p>…</p> surround
and provide information about document text and may include other tags as sub-elements. Browsers do
not display the HTML tags, but use them to interpret the content of the page.

HTML can embed scripts written in languages such as JavaScript which affect the behavior of HTML
web pages. HTML markup can also refer the browser to Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) to define the
look and layout of text and other material.

HyperText Markup Language (HTML) is the standard markup language for creating web pages and web

applications. With Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) and JavaScript it forms a triad of cornerstone
technologies for the World Wide Web.[1] Web browsers receive HTML documents from a webserver or
from local storage and render them into multimedia web pages. HTML describes the structure of a web
page semantically and originally included cues for the appearance of the document.

HTML elements are the building blocks of HTML pages. With HTML constructs, images and other
objects, such as interactive forms, may be embedded into the rendered page. It provides a means to
create structured documents by denoting structural semantics for text such as headings, paragraphs,
lists, links, quotes and other items. HTML elements are delineated by tags, written using angle
brackets. Tags such as <img /> and <input /> introduce content into the page directly. Others such
as <p>…</p> surround and provide information about document text and may include other tags as
sub-elements. Browsers do not display the HTML tags, but use them to interpret the content of the
page.

HTML can embed programs written in a scripting language such as JavaScript which affect the
behavior and content of web pages. Inclusion of CSS defines the look and layout of content. The World
Wide Web Consortium (W3C), maintainer of both the HTML and the CSS standards, has encouraged
the use of CSS over explicit presentational HTML since 1997.

HTML documents imply a structure of nested HTML elements. These are indicated in the document by
HTML tags, enclosed in angle brackets thus: <p>[61]

In the simple, general case, the extent of an element is indicated by a pair of tags: a “start tag” <p> and
“end tag” </p>. The text content of the element, if any, is placed between these tags.

Tags may also enclose further tag markup between the start and end, including a mixture of tags and
text. This indicates further (nested) elements, as children of the parent element.

The start tag may also include attributes within the tag. These indicate other information, such as
identifiers for sections within the document, identifiers used to bind style information to the presentation
of the document, and for some tags such as the <img> used to embed images, the reference to the
image resource.

Some elements, such as the line break <br>, do not permit any embedded content, either text or further
tags. These require only a single empty tag (akin to a start tag) and do not use an end tag.

Many tags, particularly the closing end tag for the very commonly used paragraph element <p>, are
optional. An HTML browser or other agent can infer the closure for the end of an element from the
context and the structural rules defined by the HTML standard. These rules are complex and not widely
understood by most HTML coders.

The general form of an HTML element is

therefore: <tag attribute1=”value1″ attribute2=”value2″>”content”</tag>. Some HTML elements are
defined as empty elements and take the form <tag attribute1=”value1″ attribute2=”value2″>. Empty
elements may enclose no content, for instance, the <br> tag or the inline <img> tag. The name of an
HTML element is the name used in the tags. Note that the end tag’s name is preceded by a slash
character, “/”, and that in empty elements the end tag is neither required nor allowed. If attributes are
not mentioned, default values are used in each case.

6.2 Cascading Style Sheets (CSS)

CSS is a style sheet language used for describing the presentation of a document written in a markup
language. Although most often used to set the visual style of web pages and user interfaces written
in HTML and XHTML, the language can be applied to any XML document, including plain
XML, SVG andXUL, and is applicable to rendering in speech, or on other media. Along with HTML
and JavaScript, CSS is a cornerstone technology used by most websites to create visually engaging
webpages, user interfaces for web applications, and user interfaces for many mobile applications.

CSS is designed primarily to enable the separation of document content from document presentation,
including aspects such as the layout, colors, and fonts. This separation can improve
content accessibility, provide more flexibility and control in the specification of presentation
characteristics, enable multiple HTML pages to share formatting by specifying the relevant CSS in a
separate .css file, and reduce complexity and repetition in the structural content, such as semantically
insignificant tables that were widely used to format pages before consistent CSS rendering was
available in all major browsers. CSS makes it possible to separate presentation instructions from the
HTML content in a separate file or style section of the HTML file. For each matching HTML element, it
provides a list of formatting instructions. For example, a CSS rule might specify that “all heading 1
elements should be bold”, leaving pure semantic HTML markup that asserts “this text is a level 1
heading” without formatting code such as a<bold> tag indicating how such text should be displayed.

This separation of formatting and content makes it possible to present the same markup page in
different styles for different rendering methods, such as on-screen, in print, by voice (when read out by
a speech-based browser orscreen reader) and on Braille-based, tactile devices. It can also be used to
display the web page differently depending on the screen size or device on which it is being viewed.
Although the author of a web page typically links to a CSS file within the markup file, readers can
specify a different style sheet, such as a CSS file stored on their own computer, to override the one the
author has specified. If the author or the reader did not link the document to a style sheet, the default
style of the browser will be applied. Another advantage of CSS is that aesthetic changes to the graphic
design of a document (or hundreds of documents) can be applied quickly and easily, by editing a few
lines in one file, rather than by a laborious (and thus expensive) process of crawling over every
document line by line, changing markup.

The CSS specification describes a priority scheme to determine which style rules apply if more than
one rule matches against a particular element. In this so-called cascade, priorities (or weights) are
calculated and assigned to rules, so that the results are predictable.

Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) is a style sheet language used for describing the presentation of a

document written in a markup language.[1] Although most often used to set the visual style of web
pages and user interfaces written in HTML and XHTML, the language can be applied to
any XML document, including plain XML, SVG and XUL, and is applicable to rendering in speech, or on
other media. Along with HTML and JavaScript, CSS is a cornerstone technology used by most websites
to create visually engaging webpages, user interfaces for web applications, and user interfaces for
many mobile applications.[2]

CSS is designed primarily to enable the separation of document content from document presentation,
including aspects such as the layout, colors, and fonts.[3] This separation can improve
content accessibility, provide more flexibility and control in the specification of presentation
characteristics, enable multiple HTML pages to share formatting by specifying the relevant CSS in a
separate .css file, and reduce complexity and repetition in the structural content.

Separation of formatting and content makes it possible to present the same markup page in different
styles for different rendering methods, such as on-screen, in print, by voice (via speech-based browser
or screen reader), and on Braille-based tactile devices. It can also display the web page differently
depending on the screen size or viewing device. Readers can also specify a different style sheet, such
as a CSS file stored on their own computer, to override the one the author specified.

Changes to the graphic design of a document (or hundreds of documents) can be applied quickly and
easily, by editing a few lines in the CSS file they use, rather than by changing markup in the documents.

The CSS specification describes a priority scheme to determine which style rules apply if more than
one rule matches against a particular element. In this so-called cascade, priorities (or weights) are
calculated and assigned to rules, so that the results are predictable.

The CSS specifications are maintained by the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C). Internet media type
(MIME type) text/css is registered for use with CSS by RFC 2318 (March 1998). The W3C operates a
free CSS validation service for CSS documents.

6.3 MYSQL Server

MySQL  is an open-source relational database management system (RDBMS);[6] in July 2013, it was
the world’s second most widely used RDBMS, and the most widely used open-source client–server
model RDBMS. It is named after co-founder Michael Widenius’s daughter, My. The SQL acronym
stands for Structured Query Language. The MySQL development project has made its source
code available under the terms of the GNU General Public License, as well as under a variety
of proprietary agreements. MySQL was owned and sponsored by a single for-profit firm,
the Swedishcompany MySQL AB, now owned by Oracle Corporation. For proprietary use, several paid
editions are available, and offer additional functionality.

MySQL (officially pronounced as /maɪ ˌɛskjuːˈɛl/ “My S-Q-L”,[6]) is an open-source relational database

management system (RDBMS).[7] Its name is a combination of “My”, the name of co-founder Michael
Widenius’ daughter,[8] and “SQL”, the abbreviation for Structured Query Language. The MySQL
development project has made its source code available under the terms of the GNU General Public
License, as well as under a variety of proprietary agreements. MySQL was owned and sponsored by a
single for-profit firm, the Swedish company MySQL AB, now owned by Oracle Corporation.[9] For
proprietary use, several paid editions are available, and offer additional functionality.

MySQL is a central component of the LAMP open-source web application software stack (and other
“AMP” stacks). LAMP is an acronym for “Linux, Apache, MySQL, Perl/PHP/Python”. Applications that
use the MySQL database include: TYPO3, MODx, Joomla, WordPress, phpBB, MyBB, and Drupal.
MySQL is also used in many high-profile, large-scale websites, including Google[10][11] (though not for
searches), Facebook,[12][13][14]Twitter,[15] Flickr,[16] and YouTube.

6.4PHP
PHP is a server-side scripting language designed for web development but also used as a general-
purpose programming language. Originally created by RasmusLerdorf in 1994, the PHP reference
implementation is now produced by The PHP Group. PHP originally stood for Personal Home Page, but
it now stands for therecursive backronym PHP: Hypertext Preprocessor.

PHP code may be embedded into HTML code, or it can be used in combination with various web
template systems, web content management system and web frameworks. PHP code is usually
processed by a PHPinterpreter implemented as a module in the web server or as a Common Gateway
Interface (CGI) executable. The web server combines the results of the interpreted and executed PHP
code, which may be any type of data, including images, with the generated web page. PHP code may
also be executed with a command-line interface(CLI) and can be used to
implement standalone graphical applications.

The standard PHP interpreter, powered by the Zend Engine, is free software released under the PHP
License. PHP has been widely ported and can be deployed on most web servers on almost
every operating system andplatform, free of charge.

The PHP language evolved without a written formal specification or standard until 2014, leaving the
canonical PHP interpreter as a de facto standard. Since 2014 work has gone on to create a formal PHP
specification.

PHP is a server-side scripting language designed primarily for web development but also used as

a general-purpose programming language. Originally created by Rasmus Lerdorf in 1994,[4] the
PHP reference implementation is now produced by The PHP Development Team.[5] PHP originally
stood for Personal Home Page,[4] but it now stands for the recursive acronym PHP: Hypertext
Preprocessor.[6]

PHP code may be embedded into HTML or HTML5 code, or it can be used in combination with
various web template systems, web content management systems and web frameworks. PHP code is
usually processed by a PHP interpreter implemented as a module in the web server or as a Common
Gateway Interface (CGI) executable. The web server combines the results of the interpreted and
executed PHP code, which may be any type of data, including images, with the generated web page.
PHP code may also be executed with a command-line interface (CLI) and can be used to
implement standalone graphical applications.[7]
The standard PHP interpreter, powered by the Zend Engine, is free software released under the PHP
License. PHP has been widely ported and can be deployed on most web servers on almost
every operating system and platform, free of charge.[8]

The PHP language evolved without a written formal specification or standard until 2014, leaving the
canonical PHP interpreter as a de facto standard. Since 2014 work has gone on to create a formal PHP
specification.

6.5 ANGULAR JAVA SCRIPT

AngularJS (commonly referred to as “Angular” or “Angular.js”) is an open-source web application
framework mainly maintained by Google and by a community of individuals and corporations to address
many of the challenges encountered in developing single-page applications. It aims to simplify both the
development and the testing of such applications by providing a framework for client-side model–view–
controller (MVC) and model–view–viewmodel(MVVM) architectures, along with components commonly
used in rich Internet applications.

The AngularJS framework works by first reading the HTML page, which has embedded into it additional
custom tag attributes. Angular interprets those attributes as directives to bind input or output parts of the
page to a model that is represented by standard JavaScript variables. The values of those JavaScript
variables can be manually set within the code, or retrieved from static or dynamic JSON resources.

According to JavaScript analytics service Libscore, AngularJS is used on the websites of Wolfram

Alpha, NBC,Walgreens, Intel, Sprint, ABC News, and approximately 8,400 other sites out of 1 million
tested in July 2015.

AngularJS is the frontend part of the MEAN stack, consisting of MongoDB database, Express.js web

application server framework, Angular.js itself, and Node.js runtime environment. AngularJS (commonly
referred to as “Angular.js” or “AngularJS 1.X”) is a JavaScript-based open-source front-end web
application framework mainly maintained by Google and by a community of individuals and
corporations to address many of the challenges encountered in developing single-page applications.
The JavaScript components complement Apache Cordova, the framework used for developing cross-
platform mobile apps. It aims to simplify both the development and the testing of such applications by
providing a framework for client-side model–view–controller (MVC) and model–view–
viewmodel (MVVM) architectures, along with components commonly used in rich Internet applications.
In 2014, the original AngularJS team began working on Angular (Application Platform).
The AngularJS framework works by first reading the HTML page, which has embedded into it additional
custom tag attributes. Angular interprets those attributes as directives to bind input or output parts of the
page to a model that is represented by standard JavaScript variables. The values of those JavaScript
variables can be manually set within the code, or retrieved from static or dynamic JSON resources.

According to JavaScript analytics service Libscore, AngularJS is used on the websites of Wolfram

Alpha, NBC, Walgreens, Intel, Sprint, ABC News, and approximately 12,000 other sites out of 1 million
tested in October 2016.[3]AngularJS is the 6th most starred project of all time on GitHub.[4]

AngularJS is the frontend part of the MEAN stack, consisting of MongoDB database, Express.js web

application server framework, Angular.js itself, and Node.js server runtime environment.

AngularJS is built on the belief that declarative programming should be used to create user

interfaces and connect software components, while imperative programming is better suited to defining
an application’s business logic.[5] The framework adapts and extends traditional HTML to present
dynamic content through two-way data-binding that allows for the automatic synchronization of models
and views. As a result, AngularJS de-emphasizes explicit DOM manipulation with the goal of improving
testability and performance.

AngularJS’s design goals include: to decouple DOM manipulation from application logic. The difficulty of
this is dramatically affected by the way the code is structured. To decouple the client side of an
application from the server side. This allows development work to progress in parallel, and allows for
reuse of both sides. To provide structure for the journey of building an application: from designing the
UI, through writing the business logic, to testing.

Angular implements the MVC pattern to separate presentation, data, and logic components.
[6] Using dependency injection, Angular brings traditionally server-side services, such as view-
dependent controllers, to client-side web applications. Consequently, much of the burden on the server
can be reduced.

CHAPTER 7- SYSTEM STUDY

 

7.1 FEASIBILITY STUDY

The feasibility of the project is analyzed in this phase and business proposal is put forth with a very
general plan for the project and some cost estimates. During system analysis the feasibility study of the
proposed system is to be carried out. This is to ensure that the proposed system is not a burden to the
company.  For feasibility analysis, some understanding of the major requirements for the system is
essential.

Three key considerations involved in the feasibility analysis are

ECONOMICAL FEASIBILITY
TECHNICAL FEASIBILITY
SOCIAL FEASIBILITY

ECONOMICAL FEASIBILITY

This study is carried out to check the economic impact that the system will have on the organization.
The amount of fund that the company can pour into the research and development of the system is
limited. The expenditures must be justified. Thus the developed system as well within the budget and
this was achieved because most of the technologies used are freely available. Only the customized
products had to be purchased.

CHAPTER 8-TECHNICAL FEASIBILITY

 

This study is carried out to check the technical feasibility, that is, the technical requirements of the
system. Any system developed must not have a high demand on the available technical resources. This
will lead to high demands on the available technical resources. This will lead to high demands being
placed on the client. The developed system must have a modest requirement, as only minimal or null
changes are required for implementing this system.

SOCIAL FEASIBILITY

The aspect of study is to check the level of acceptance of the system by the user. This includes the
process of training the user to use the system efficiently. The user must not feel threatened by the
system, instead must accept it as a necessity. The level of acceptance by the users solely depends on
the methods that are employed to educate the user about the system and to make him familiar with it.
His level of confidence must be raised so that he is also able to make some constructive criticism,
which is welcomed, as he is the final user of the system.
8.1Non Functional Requirements

Non-functional requirements are the quality requirements that stipulate how well software does what it
has to do. These are Quality attributes of any system; these can be seen at the execution of the system
and they can also be the part of the system architecture.

8.2 Accuracy:

The system will be accurate and reliable based on the design architecture. If there is any problem in the
accuracy then the system will provide alternative ways to solve the problem.

8.3 Usability:

The proposed system will be simple and easy to use by the users. The users will comfort in order to
communicate with the system. The user will be provided with an easy interface of the system.

8.4 Accessibility:

The system will be accessible through internet and there should be no any known problem.

Performance:
The system performance will be at its best when performing the functionality of the system.

Reliability:
The proposed system will be reliable in all circumstances and if there is any problem that will be
affectively handle in the design.
 

Security:
The proposed system will be highly secured; every user will be required registration and
username/password to use the system. The system will do the proper authorization and authentication
of the users based on their types and their requirements. The proposed system will be designed
persistently to avoid any misuse of the application.

 
 

CHAPTER 9-SYSTEM TESTING

 

The purpose of testing is to discover errors. Testing is the process of trying to discover every
conceivable fault or weakness in a work product. It provides a way to check the functionality of
components, sub-assemblies, assemblies and/or a finished product It is the process of exercising
software with the intent of ensuring that the

Software system meets its requirements and user expectations and does not fail in an unacceptable
manner. There are various types of test. Each test type addresses a specific testing requirement.

TYPES OF TESTS

Unit testing

Unit testing involves the design of test cases that validate that the internal program logic is functioning
properly, and that program inputs produce valid outputs. All decision branches and internal code flow
should be validated. It is the testing of individual software units of the application .it is done after the
completion of an individual unit before integration. This is a structural testing, that relies on knowledge
of its construction and is invasive. Unit tests perform basic tests at component level and test a specific
business process, application, and/or system configuration. Unit tests ensure that each unique path of a
business process performs accurately to the documented specifications and contains clearly defined
inputs and expected results.

Integration testing

Integration tests are designed to test integrated software components to determine if they actually run
as one program.  Testing is event driven and is more concerned with the basic outcome of screens or
fields. Integration tests demonstrate that although the components were individually satisfaction, as
shown by successfully unit testing, the combination of components is correct and consistent. Integration
testing is specifically aimed at   exposing the problems that arise from the combination of components.

Functional test

Functional tests provide systematic demonstrations that functions tested are available as specified by
the business and technical requirements, system documentation, and user manuals.

Functional testing is centered on the following items:

Valid Input               :  identified classes of valid input must be accepted.

Invalid Input             : identified classes of invalid input must be rejected.

Functions                  : identified functions must be exercised.

Output                    : identified classes of application outputs must be exercised.

Systems/Procedures: interfacing systems or procedures must be invoked.

Organization and preparation of functional tests is focused on requirements, key functions, or special
test cases. In addition, systematic coverage pertaining to identify Business process flows; data fields,
predefined processes, and successive processes must be considered for testing. Before functional
testing is complete, additional tests are identified and the effective value of current tests is determined.

System Test

System testing ensures that the entire integrated software system meets requirements. It tests a
configuration to ensure known and predictable results. An example of system testing is the
configuration oriented system integration test. System testing is based on process descriptions and
flows, emphasizing pre-driven process links and integration points.

White Box Testing

White Box Testing is a testing in which in which the software tester has knowledge of the inner
workings, structure and language of the software, or at least its purpose. It is purpose. It is used to test
areas that cannot be reached from a black box level.

Black Box Testing

Black Box Testing is testing the software without any knowledge of the inner workings, structure or
language of the module being tested. Black box tests, as most other kinds of tests, must be written from
a definitive source document, such as specification or requirements document, such as specification or
requirements document. It is a testing in which the software under test is treated, as a black box .you
cannot “see” into it. The test provides inputs and responds to outputs without considering how the
software works.

9.1 Unit Testing:

Unit testing is usually conducted as part of a combined code and unit test phase of the software
lifecycle, although it is not uncommon for coding and unit testing to be conducted as two distinct
phases.

Test strategy and approach

Field testing will be performed manually and functional tests will be written in detail.

Test objectives

All field entries must work properly.

Pages must be activated from the identified link.
The entry screen, messages and responses must not be delayed.
 

Features to be tested
 Verify that the entries are of the correct format
No duplicate entries should be allowed
All links should take the user to the correct page
 

9.2 Integration Testing

Software integration testing is the incremental integration testing of two or more integrated software
components on a single platform to produce failures caused by interface defects.

The task of the integration test is to check that components or software applications, e.g. components
in a software system or – one step up – software applications at the company level – interact without
error.

Test Results: All the test cases mentioned above passed successfully. No defects encountered.

9.3 Acceptance Testing

User Acceptance Testing is a critical phase of any project and requires significant participation by the
end user. It also ensures that the system meets the functional requirements.

Test Results: All the test cases mentioned above passed successfully. No defects encountered.

 
CHAPTER 10– CONCLUSIONS
 

In general, today’s businesses must always strive to create the next best thing that consumers will want
because consumers continue to desire their products, services etc. to continuously be better, faster,
and cheaper.  In this world of new technology, businesses need to accommodate to the new types of
consumer needs and trends because it will prove to be vital to their business’ success and survival. 
BharathaNari is continuously progressing and is becoming more and more important to businesses as
technology continues to advance and is something that should be taken advantage of and
implemented.

CHAPTER 11- REFERENCES

 

Kalakota, Ravi and Whinston, Andrew B. “Electronic Commerce – A Manager’s Guide”, Pearson
Education, Inc.
Kalakota, Ravi and Whinston, Andrew B. “Frontiers of Electronic Commerce”, Pearson Education,
Inc.
Rich, Jason R. “Starting an E-Commerce Business”. IDG Books, Delhi, 2000.
Samantha Shurety. “E-business with Net Commerce”, Addison Wesley, Singapore, 2001.
Turban et al. “Electronic Commerce: A Managerial Perspective”, Pearson Education, Inc.