The document provides an overview of key concepts in the Philippine health care system, including primary health care, health system building blocks, and health service delivery. It discusses primary health care as the approach focused on addressing people's needs through health promotion, disease prevention, and treatment. The main building blocks of the health system are described as governance, human resources, financing, service delivery, medicines and technologies, and information. Key aspects of health service delivery in the Philippines involve both public and private sector providers.
The document provides an overview of key concepts in the Philippine health care system, including primary health care, health system building blocks, and health service delivery. It discusses primary health care as the approach focused on addressing people's needs through health promotion, disease prevention, and treatment. The main building blocks of the health system are described as governance, human resources, financing, service delivery, medicines and technologies, and information. Key aspects of health service delivery in the Philippines involve both public and private sector providers.
The document provides an overview of key concepts in the Philippine health care system, including primary health care, health system building blocks, and health service delivery. It discusses primary health care as the approach focused on addressing people's needs through health promotion, disease prevention, and treatment. The main building blocks of the health system are described as governance, human resources, financing, service delivery, medicines and technologies, and information. Key aspects of health service delivery in the Philippines involve both public and private sector providers.
The document provides an overview of key concepts in the Philippine health care system, including primary health care, health system building blocks, and health service delivery. It discusses primary health care as the approach focused on addressing people's needs through health promotion, disease prevention, and treatment. The main building blocks of the health system are described as governance, human resources, financing, service delivery, medicines and technologies, and information. Key aspects of health service delivery in the Philippines involve both public and private sector providers.
Unit 1 Introduction Health System - All institution, people and action whose primary purpose is to improve health (WHO, 2000) • Primary Health Care (PHC) is a whole-of-society approach to health that aims at ensuring the highest possible level of health and well-being and their equitable distribution by focusing on people’s needs and as early as possible along the continuum from health promotion and disease prevention to treatment, rehabilitation and palliative care, and as close as feasible to people’s everyday environment (WHO and UNICEF. A vision for primary health care in the 21st century: Towards UHC and the SDGs, 2018) • Health, which is a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being, and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity, is a fundamental human right
• Declaration of Alma-ata (1978)
• Goal – Health for all though primary health care • gross inequality in the health status of the people- world concern • cost that the community and country can afford to maintain at every stage • can be attained through a fuller and better use of the world's resources • Declaration of Astana (2018) • Critical role of PHC and aims to refocus efforts on primary health care to ensure that everyone everywhere is able to enjoy the highest possible attainable standard of health • renewed political commitment to primary health care from governments, NGO’s, professional organizations, academia and global health and development organizations • Commemorate and reflect on Declaration of Alma-ata • Objectives of Health System • Improving people’s health and well being • Responding to people's expectations • Providing protection against the costs of ill health
Primary Care Primary Health Care
Front line” or “First Contact” operates in local community to address Person centered the problem Comprehensive in scope wider population focus Not limited to illness episodes or by organ system or disease process involved
Health Care Delivery System - network of health facilities and personnel which carries out the task of rendering health care to the people
WHO Building blocks of health system
Governance, Human Resources, Medicine and Technologies, Information, Financing, Service Delivery, 1. Governance • Devolution • Act by which the National Government confers power and authority upon various local government units (LGUs) to perform specific function and responsibilities • RA 7160 - “Local Government Code of 1991” • Legal basis of devolution • It devolved the following basic service • Agriculture, Forest management, social welfare, Brgy. Level Roads, HEALTH SERVICES
Organizational Structure (health offices devolved to the LGU’s)
• Key Elements in Health Service Delivery
• Organizing health service as a network of primary care backed up by hospitals and specialized care • Providing package of health benefits with clinical and public health service • Ensuring access and quality of service • Holding providers accountable for access and quality and ensuring consumer voice
• Forms of Health Service Delivery
• Public Sector • Financed through taxes • Budgeting system is done at the local and national level • Health care service is “free” at point of care • Public Health • LGUs - direct delivery of public health service • DOH - Provides technical assistance • Capacity building • Advisory services for disease prevention and control • Provides free medicines and vaccines • Private Sector • Profit and non-profit health providers • Usually market driven • Service are not free • Out of pocket scheme • Insurances • External funding
• Classification of Health Facilities
• According to ownership • According to scope of service • According to functional capacity • According to ownership • Government • Private • According to Scope • General Facilities / Hospitals • Specialty Center / Hospitals • According to Functional Capacity 2. Human Resources
• Key Elements in Human Resources for Health
• Achieving sufficient numbers of the right mix of staff • Ensuring system wide deployment and distribution • Establishing job related norms and enabling work environment • Establishing payments system that produce the right kind of incentives • There are least 22 categories of health workers trained in the Philippines • Through some categories do not correspond to international classification
3. Medicine and Technologies
• Constraints in Accessing Essential Drugs
1. Limited availability
2. Irrational use 3. High costs
Medical Technologies and Devices
- FDA Center for Device Regulation Radiation Health & Research - Develops plans, policies, programs and strategies, for regulating health and health-related devices and technology
4. Health Financing
Key Elements in Health Financing
• Raising sufficient funds for health • Pooling financial resources across population groups and sharing financial risks • Using funds for health efficiently and equitably Health Financing in the Philippines • Low public share for health spending • Has a high proportion of out-of-pocket spending • Currently fragmented and inequitable • PhilHealth cannot yet be considered a strategic purchaser of services because it accounts for a small share of total health expenditure (THE) while out-of-pocket (OOP) spending is higher Constraints in Accessing Essential Drugs 1. Limited availability 2. Irrational use 3. High costs
3 Major Groups of Payers of Healthcare in the Philippines
1. Government 2. Social Health Insurance 3. Private Sources Flow of Finances in the Philippines Health System
• RA 7875 • National Health Insurance Act of 1995 • An act instituting national health insurance program and establishing the Philippine Health Insurance Corporation • Republic Act No. 10606, which amended Republic Act No. 7875 provides for mandatory coverage of all citizens in accordance with the principles of universality and compulsory coverage.
Philippine Health Insurance Corporation (PhilHealth)
• Employed Sector Program • Compulsory coverage of all employee in government and the private sector • Individually paying program • Voluntary coverage of the self-employed and other not covered by the rest of the program • Sponsored Program • Covers the “poorest of the poor” segment of the population • Overseas Filipino Worker (OFW)
5. Health Information Key Elements in Health Information • Provide timely and quality evidence to inform policy and development and planning, health advocacy and education • Make information accessible to all stakeholders • Maximize the use of information technology for better health service Health Information in the Philippines • National and local health information systems are poorly integrated and are weakly governed Telecom infrastructures are mostly concentrated • Unclear considerations for the role of IT in primary health care in the Philippines • Lack of IT governance structures
ACCREDITING AGENCIES 1. Joint Commission International (JCI) 2. The Philippine Tripartite Accreditation for Health Facilities, Inc. (PTAHF, Inc.) 3. Hospital Accreditation Commission (HAC) 4. Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organization (JCAHO) 5. The National Accreditation Board for Hospitals and Healthcare Providers (NABH)
Important Elements of Health Care System in the Philippines
• Health Professionals... • Institutions • Community Agencies • Funders (mainly governments) • Industry • Planning/Coordinating agencies • The public
