RRR: A strategy to improve the reading comprehension of the First

Year Students of Batangas College University

Briones, John Ray L.

2021
 CHAPTER I

THE PROBLEM AND ITS SETTING

RATIONALE

When the face to face classes were implemented again, the

teachers saw the current problem of the students, some of them

cannot write, have difficulty in reading and especially in

understanding what they read. Due to modular learning, some of

the students did not focus on learning because parents often

answer the modules. Modular learning also took almost two years.

That's why when the face to face came back, the problems of the

students were seen. That's why the researchers will focus on the

reading comprehension of learners from First Year Students of

Batangas College University. The strategy that the researcher

will implement is the round robin reading to determine if it will

be effective in improving the reading comprehension of the

learners. The purpose of this paper was to gain an understanding

of the reading comprehension of First Year Students of Batangas

College University by implementing a round robin reading as a

strategy to improve their reading comprehension. However, there

will be steps or interventions that must be completed in order to

gain an understanding and develop their comprehension

particularly in reading.
LITERATURE REVIEW

Reading Comprehension

The term comprehension describes the capacity to comprehend

written language. Unlike the capacity to recognize words, it is

different. Recognizing words on a page without understanding what

they mean does not achieve comprehension, which is the aim or

objective of reading. Consider a scenario when a teacher assigns

a text for a student to read. The youngster can read the entire

chapter, but when asked to explain what was read, he or she is

unable to do so. What is read gains meaning when it is

understood. When the words on a page are more than just letters

and sounds, reading comprehension happens. Reading is joyful,

entertaining, and educational when it is understood. To excel in

school, the workplace, and life in general. (Dorothy Brandon,

2021)

For one to successfully operate in society, one must be able

to read. Finding the meaning or message of the text at hand is

almost always the aim of reading. This calls for the

implementation and fusion of numerous procedures. (Kendeou et

al., 2015)
 It depends on two interconnected skills: language

comprehension and word reading (the ability to interpret the

symbols on the page) (being able to understand the meaning of the

words and sentences). (Oxford University Press, 2022)

Understanding and interpreting what was read are components

of comprehension. Children must be able to interpret what they

read, relate what they read to what they already know, and think

critically about what they have read in order to effectively

comprehend written content. (WETA, 2022)

Students develop reading comprehension skills throughout

your academic career. Each subject, each lesson, and every day

include it. Reading comprehension is an essential skill because

reading is prevalent in most professions. Using context clues and

a larger vocabulary will help student read more clearly. (ZIPPIA,

2022)

Round Robin Reading

Teachers continue to employ the round robin reading approach

in their classes despite a wealth of studies showing how harmful

it can be. In round robin reading, each student reads aloud from

a text that has been distributed to the entire class by their

teacher. A fresh reader is then selected after each student has

read a brief passage aloud to the class. The following

competencies, according to teachers, are better covered by this

tactic: decoding, fluency, vocabulary growth, text comprehension,

and learner engagement. (University of Texas, 2017)

Teachers thought that using Round Robin Reading techniques

helped them achieve a number of objectives. They did this for a

variety of reasons, such as promoting their pupils' fluency and

decoding skills as well as assuring vocabulary growth, text

comprehension, and learner engagement. The technique, in the

opinion of the teachers, also improved classroom management.

(Khun, 2014)

Round robin is one of the cooperative learning strategy that

developed and basic principle of round robin the students work in

a group consist of four members. They share their understanding

of a text while they learning a particular topic in an

interesting classroom. (Ikhsan, 2019)

Effects of Round Robin Reading to Improve Students’ Reading

Comprehension

For several reasons, many teachers kept using round robin

reading. Round Robin Reading was used by teachers to cover

subject, control classroom conduct, increase fluency, and monitor

pupils' reading growth. The knowledge of fluency research amongst

teachers who used Round Robin Reading in their instruction and

those who did not differed noticeably. According to this

research, we believe that professional development aimed at

replacing Round Robin Reading in instruction and concentrated on

achieving teachers' instructional goals is crucial. It would seem

that simply reviewing research that shows Round Robin Reading to

be an ineffective practice is insufficient, in and of itself, to

change practice. (Ash et al., 2009)

Reading in a second language is a crucial ability,

particularly in English as a second or foreign language. The

Reading has the purpose of providing knowledge or

information. The scientist is eager to determine how the round-

robin method affects pupils' reading comprehension skills. The

outcome demonstrated that the round robin approach has impact on

the students' capacity for reading comprehension. The pre-average

test's score was 59.89. The post-test score was 64.91. The t-

score of 3.203 was greater than the t-5% table's significant

limit (2042). The research's findings lead the researcher to the

conclusion that the round robin technique has an impact on the

students' capacity for understanding in reading. Additionally, it

was advised to focus primarily on reading ability. (Ikhsan, 2019)

The researcher used an innovative approach to address issues

with the learning process a method for raising kids' reading

comprehension. The analyst proposes using the round-robin method

while teaching reading. The purpose of the study are anticipated

to determine whether or whether the Round Robin approach can to

increase pupils' reading comprehension and understand how they

are doing reaction to the use of the Round Robin approach in

reading the eighth-year pupils at SMPN 1 Suppa Kab Level

Pinrang's of comprehension. The outcome the knowledge from this

study would be valuable in the teaching of English, and learning

process, particularly when teaching reading. The data analysis's

findings demonstrated that the students' reading understanding

increased. The outcome of the test could demonstrate it value

(2.391) exceeded the value from the t-table (2.074). They showed

that H0 was rejected and Ha was accepted. This indicated that the

pupils' level of reading comprehension was employing the round

robin method, capacity can be increased. In addition, the outcome

of the survey revealed that the majority of students responded

positively and in agreement to reading aloud using the round-

robin method. As a result of the data analysis discussed above,

The researcher then came to the conclusion that kids' reading had

improved employing the round-robin method, SMPN 1 eighth-grade

pupils were able to demonstrate comprehension. (Hasrina, 2018)

The pupils who were taught utilizing round robin reading and

those who were not significantly differed in their reading

comprehension, according to the researcher. Knowing the results

of the investigation, it was concluded that round robin

reading substantially influenced students at SMA Nahdlatul Ulama

2 Gresik's reading comprehension. Round robin reading can

potentially be employed in various skills for future researchers.

(Sholihah, 2017)

Synthesis: Based on the researchers, Reading comprehension

was really important for every learners. It was how they

understand what they read. The researcher will employ Round Robin

Reading as strategy to improved reading comprehension of grade 5

pupils. Based on the past studies and literatures round robin

reading was ineffective for learners reading comprehension

however there are still studies do exist concluding that round

robin reading has significant effect upon improving the learners’

reading comprehension.

VARIABLES OF THE STUDY

Independent Variable

● Round Robin Reading

Variable

● Reading Comprehension

INDEPENDENT VARIABLE DEPENDENT VARIABLE

Reading comprehension of the READING COMPREHENSION
students is described in terms
of:
1. Prior Knowledge
2. Questioning
3. Visualizing
4. Determining Importance
5. Monitoring Comprehension
6. Inferring
7. Synthesizing

Figure 1. The Framework of the research

RESEARCH QUESTIONS

The research study "Round Robin Reading: An intervention for

improving Reading comprehension of First year students of

Batangas College University" aims to find the best way to improve

the reading comprehension of students. It will also look at these

research questions:

1. How may the student’s reading comprehension improve through

Round Robin Reading?

2. How may the Round Robin Reading improve the reading

comprehension of the students in terms of:

2.1. Prior Knowledge

2.2. Questioning

2.3. Visualizing

2.4. Determining Importance

 2.5. Monitoring Comprehension

2.6. Inferring

2.7. Synthesizing

3. Is there a significant difference between students’ pre-test

and post-test, before and after the implementation of the

Round Robin Reading?

RESEARCH HYPOTHESIS

Null Hypothesis (H0) = There is no significant difference

between students’ pre-test and post-test, before and after

the implementation of the Round Robin Reading.

Alternative Hypothesis (H1) = There is no significant

difference between students’ pre-test and post-test, before

and after the implementation of the Round Robin Reading.

DEFINITION OF TERMS

Comprehension - the action or capability of understanding

something.

Implementation - the process of putting a decision or plan into

effect; execution.

Improve - develop or increase in mental capacity by education or

experience.

Intervention - the action or process of intervening.

Reading - the action or skill of reading written or printed

matter silently or aloud.

Reading Comprehension - Is the ability to read text, process it

and understand its meaning.

Round Robin Reading - Round robin reading is when teachers have

individual students read aloud from a text given to each member

of the class. Each student reads a small portion of the text

aloud to the class and then a new reader is chosen.

Strategy - a plan of action or policy designed to achieve a major

or overall aim.

CHAPTER II

METHODOLOGY
 This chapter describes numerous methods of data collection.

The data and analysis those are relevant to research. The methods

will include research design, research locale, participants,

instruments and data collection, data gathering and analysis,

data gathering instruments, and the intervention.

RESEARCH DESIGN

The study used a Mixed Methods approach, according to

Shorten and Smith (2017), Mixed methods research requires a

purposeful mixing of methods in data collection, data analysis

and interpretation of the evidence. Since the study was focusing

on the implementation of Round Robin Reading as tool in improving

the reading comprehension of student. The content analysis and

descriptive statistics will be used to summarize the findings.

RESEARCH LOCALE

Batangas College University was the area of the study,

where First Year Students improve their reading comprehension

using the Round Robin Reading. A face to face interventions will

be implemented to connect with the participants of this study.

SAMPLING AND PARTICIPANTS

Purposive sampling was utilized by the researchers to select

individuals. According to McCombes (2022), purposeful sampling,

also known as judgment sampling, is researchers using their

experience to select a sample that is most appropriate to the

study's goal. Students in Batangas College University will be

the subjects of this study. The study will have (38)

participants.

INSTRUMENT AND DATA COLLECTION

Before the implementation of the intervention, a written

request must be submitted. Once the letter is approved, the

researcher will do the intervention. The researcher will use the

time allotted for vacant to maintain class dialogues unfettered

while doing the interventions. In order to do the examination in

pre and posttest, Researcher will make a proper schedule for

every intervention. Researchers will tally the results after data

collection which will be analyze according to the necessary

statistical treatment for the study.

DATA GATHERING INSTRUMENTS

1. Survey questionnaire- The researchers formulated a survey

questionnaire to identify the effectivity of Round Robin Reading

to the Reading comprehension of learners.

2. Pretest and Posttest - The researchers used Pretest and

Posttest to measure the learning outcomes of the participants

that aligned in reading comprehension before and after as well to

know their level of reading comprehension.

4. Intervention - The researchers applied the Round Robin Reading

via face to face intervention as means of connecting to students

where the study be observed.

Because they want to employ a survey questionnaire as a data

collection technique, researchers will have to develop their own

research instruments. This study is based on the responses of

students. Grade 5 students were the subjects of this study, and

the goal was to improve their reading comprehension through the

implementation of the strategy, Round Robin Reading.

The survey have two parts. The participants' age and gender

be ask about in the first part of the survey. The second part of

the survey were ask students in First Year College about their

experiences and satisfaction in Round Robin Reading strategy, if

their reading comprehension improved.

The researcher used the following instrument: Survey

questionnaire, pretest and posttest, and interventions.

DATA GATHERING AND ANALYSIS

Analysis of the data was done using the following

statistical methods: Percentage, Average Weighted Mean, standard

deviation and paired t-test. Researchers will employ tabulation

to organize and summarize their findings.

 1. Percentage – Percentage is used to present the scores

of the respondents in the pretest and posttest.

The formula is given below:

f
P= x 100
n

2. Average Weighted Mean– This is used to determine the

overall score of the respondents in Pre and Posttest.

The formula is given below:

TWF
WM=
N

3. Paired Sample T-test - Measured the significance

difference between students’ pre-test and post-test, before and

after the implementation of the Round Robin Reading.

The formula is given below:

4. Standard

Deviation: A measure of

variability that is the most used indicator of the degree of

dispersion and also the most dependable measure of variability.

The formula is given below:

 In Criteria for assessing the reading comprehension of the

students, the researcher will use a rubric which is adapted

from the rubric saved by Valerie McGhee (2022).

Figure 3. Rubrics for Reading Comprehension

INTERVENTION

Pre-Intervention Stage:
 1. The Researcher select students to participate in the study

as research participants using the purposive sampling

method;

2. Researchers was introduce to the study participants;

3. The Researcher has Develop the pretest and posttest

instrument for the participants;

4. Preparation and administration of the assessment, which were

act as a pre-test prior to the implementation of the

intervention;

5. Researcher examined the results of the Pre-Test;

During-Intervention Stage:

1. Students in the experimental groups are all subjected to

the researchers' intervention at the same time;

2. The researcher will have an implementation via face to

face classes which they also discuss about round robin

reading before taking questions. The lesson plans wll be

formulated for the first process, and then all of the

instructional materials, including Phil-Iri and other

materials such as stories and power point presentation

were included in the package.

3. The students were given a reading material, which they

will be required to read it using round robin reading

stategy. In addition, the researchers will assign a set

 of questions to the students, which were graded according

to the rubrics in order to assess their reading

comprehension.

4. The final step of the first stage consisted of evaluating

and analyzing the results of the students' reading

comprehension as measured by round robin reading, as well

as preparing the second cycle's activities.

5. Following the intervention, the students are required to

complete a post-test. This will be used to determine the

effectiveness of the said strategy.

Post-Intervention Stage

1. The outcome of the pre- and post-tests will be analyzed;

2. The results of the tests will be tallied and encoded in a

document;

3. Item analysis will correlative, and verbal

interpretations will be also provided;

4. In order to reach a conclusion and provide

recommendations, it was necessary to evaluate the results

of the study questionnaires; and

5. The findings, conclusions, and recommendations from the

study will be forwarded to the teacher in charge of the

class.
PRE-TEST - INSTRUMENT

McDonald’s Story

The year is 1948 and the McDonald’s brothers, Mac and Dick have
just shut down their successful restaurant which they had been
operating for eight years for alterations. When they reopened, a
few months later, the restaurant became a drive-in and featured
an innovative and unique food preparation system – the Speedee
Service System.

The Speedee Service System applied the principles of

manufacturing production to fast food allowing the drive-in
restaurant to cook and deliver its menu faster and therefore
cheaper and in high volumes.

The McDonald’s self-service drive-in restaurant had only nine

items: hamburger, cheeseburger, soft drinks, milk, coffee, potato
chips and a slice of pie. The staple of the menu was the 15 cent
hamburger and the staff worked in a conveyor system to serve up
dishes. Customers placed their orders and received their meals in
less than a minute.

The fast-food restaurant became an instant hit with more demand

than they could supply. Which led the brothers to begin
franchising their concept.

In 1954, salesman Ray Kroc was having a hard time selling

multimixers, five-spindle milkshake-mixing machines. Ray was
ambitious, successful and willing to work hard.

For a good period of time, the multimixer sales had been booming.
Unfortunately, this would soon change. When people began leaving
the cities for the suburbs, his restaurant clients closed and
sales plummeted. Now no one was ordering the multimixer. Except
for a drive-in restaurant in San Bernardino, California which had
recently called to have 8 multimixers delivered.

Ray is intrigued and pays the restaurant a visit. Mac and Dick
McDonald show Ray the business. When the seasoned salesman sees
the Speedee Service System, he quickly recognizes its huge
potential. The brothers told Ray they were looking for a
nationwide franchising agent. Without skipping a beat, Ray jumps
at the opportunity and signs the franchise contract. He
immediately sets an ambitious goal: to open 1,000 McDonald’s from
coast to coast.

Ray opened his first McDonald’s in 1955 in a Chicago suburb and

sold 18 franchises in the first year in business. He fully
understood that if the drive-in restaurants were to be
successful, the franchisees had to implement the McDonald’s
method to a tee.

To ensure this, Ray developed a 75-page manual that outlined

every aspect of running a self-service drive-in McDonald’s
restaurant.

“In business for yourself, but not by yourself.”

Ray Kroc

He soon realized that if the franchisees were to be successful,

the location of the McDonald’s restaurants was of utmost
importance. To support the business and the franchisees, Ray
paired the hamburger selling business with a real estate
business. He set up a company that would purchase or lease the
land on which all McDonald’s restaurants would be located.

Like any savvy businessman, Ray is always looking for ways to

maintain value, increase revenue and cut costs. To achieve this,
he talks to the brothers about changes he wanted to make to the
McDonald’s Method; the brothers are unflinching and Ray’s
proposals are rejected. Mac and Dick and their lack of business
vision soon become an obstacle in Ray’s path to fulfilling his
ambitious goals for McDonald’s.
He tells the brothers that he wants full control over the
business and asks them to propose a buy-out price. They ask for
$2.7million. Ray agrees and acquires the rights to the McDonald’s
business in 1961.

In Criteria for assessing the reading comprehension of the

students, the researcher will use a rubric which is adapted

from the rubric saved by Valerie McGhee (2022).

POST-TEST - INSTRUMENT

Multiple Choice

Topic: "Life"

Video Link: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=W-n0PbSdxL4

Duration: 1 minute and 44 seconds

1. The Podcast was about?
a) Poem
b) Story
c) Song
d) Drama
2. What was the title of the Poem?
a) Short
b) Life
c) Vapor
d) Lives
3. According to the Poem “Don’t waste your life living for
______ and _______”
a) Winning and Success
b) Self and Gain
c) Food and Cellphone
d) Problems and Worries
4. Your life is getting _______ every day.
a) Longer
b) Shorter
c) Higher
d) Lower
5. The Author compares our life to a _______ that passes away.
a) Air
b) Bubbles
c) Vapor
d) Moist
6. When you past what will only last?
a) Money you earned
b) What you did for Jesus
c) What you did for others
d) Your Degree
7. Complete the Verse. It is even a _____ that appears for a
little time and then _________ away.
a) Vapor, Last
b) Vapor, Vanishes
c) Moist, Last
d) Life, Getting
8. On question no. 7 there is a verse. What verse it is?
a) Smith 4:15
b) John 4:16
c) John 4:14
d) Ed: 4:16
9. What was the poem all about?
a) A Vapor
b) A Life
c) A Verse
d) A Sacrifice
10. What was the Lesson of the Poem
a) Life is too short, do things with God.
b) Life is too short, do all things you want.
c) Life is too short, Eat to the fullest.
d) Life is too short, so be happy.