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10 Maths Polynomials Notes Question Bank PDF

The document provides information about polynomials: 1. It defines polynomials and discusses degrees of polynomials. 2. It discusses the relationship between zeros of quadratic polynomials and their coefficients. 3. It discusses graphs of linear and quadratic polynomials and their intersections with the x-axis.

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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
391 views10 pages

10 Maths Polynomials Notes Question Bank PDF

The document provides information about polynomials: 1. It defines polynomials and discusses degrees of polynomials. 2. It discusses the relationship between zeros of quadratic polynomials and their coefficients. 3. It discusses graphs of linear and quadratic polynomials and their intersections with the x-axis.

Uploaded by

bansallove2008
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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CHAPTER

2 Polynomials

KEY POINTS
1. Polynomial : If x is a variable, n is a natural number and a0, a1, a2, a3, ……….
an are real numbers, then p(x) = an xn + an–1 xn–1 + ......... + a1 x + a0, (an  0) is
called a polynomial in x.
2. Polynomials of degree 1, 2 and 3 are called linear, quadratic and cubic polynomials
respectively.
3. A quadratic polynomial is an algebraic expression of the form ax2 + bx + c,
where a, b, c are real numbers with a  0.
4. Zeros of a polynomial p(x) are precisely the x – coordinates of the points where
the graph of y = p(x) intersects the x–axis, i.e., x = a is a zero of polynomial p(x)
if p(a) = 0
5. A polynomial can have at most the same number of zeros as the degree of the
polynomial.
6. (i) If one zero of a quadratic polynomial p(x) is negative of the other, then
coefficient of x is 0.
(ii) If zeroes of a quadratic polynomial p(x) are reciprocal of each other, then
coefficient of x2 = constant term.
7. Relationship between zeros and coefficients of a polynomial
If  and  are zeros of p(x) = ax2 + bx + c (a  0), then
b
Sum of zeros = +  = –
a
c
Product of zeros =  =
a
8. If  are zeros of a quadratic polynomial p(x), then
p(x) = k[x2 – (sum of zeros) x + product of zeros]
 p(x) = k [x2 – (+ )x + ]; where k is any non-zero real number.
9. Graph of linear polynomial p(x) = ax + b is a straight line.
10. Division Algorithm states that given any polynomials p(x) and g(x), there exist
polynomial q(x) and r(x) such that:

14 Mathematics-X

Source: EDUDEL
p(x) = g(x). q(x) + r(x) ; g(x) ≠ 0,
[where either r(x) = 0 or degree r(x) < degree g(x)]
Graph of different types of polynomials:
• Linear Polynomial : The graph of a linear polynomial ax + b is a straight line,
intersecting x-axis at one point.
• Quadratic Polynomial:
(i) Graph of a quadratic polynomial p(x) = ax2 + bx + c is a parabola open
upwards like U, if a > 0 and intersect x-axis at maximum two distinct points.
y

x′ x
0

y'
(ii) Graph of a quodratic polynomial p(x) = ax2 + bx + c is a parabola open
downwards like ∩, if a < 0 and intersect x-axis at maximum two distinct
points.
y

x' x
0

(iii) Polynomial and its graph : In general a polynomial p(x) of degree n crosses
the x-axis at most n points.
y

x' x
0

y'

Mathematics-X 15

Source: EDUDEL
VERY SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS
1. If one root of the polynomial P(x) = 5x2 + 13x + K is reciprocal of the other, then
value of k is
1
(a) 0 (b) 5 (c) (d) 6
6
2. If α and β are the zeroes of the polynomial p(x) = x2 – p(x + 1) – c such that
(α + 1) (β + 1) = 0, the c = _______ .
3. If one zero of the quadratic polynomial x2 + 3x + k is 2, then the value of k is
(a) 10 (b) – 10 (c) 5 (d) – 5
2
4. If the zeroes of the quadratic polynomial x + (a + 1)x + b are 2 and – 3, then
(a) a = – 7, b = – 1 (b) a = 5, b = – 1
(c) a = 2, b = – 6 (d) a = 0, b = – 6
5. What should be added to the polynomial x2 – 5x + 4, so that 3 is the zero of the
resulting polynomial:
(a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 4 (d) 5
6. If α and β are the roots of the polynomial
1 1
f (x) = x2 + x + 1, then + =
α β
7. If a quadratic polynomial f(x) is not factorizable into linear factors, then it has no real
zero. (True/False)
8. If a quadratic polynomial f(x) is a square of a linear polynomial, then its two zeros are
coincident. (True/False).
9. The product of the zeros of x3 + 4x2 + x – 6 is
(a) – 4 (b) 4 (c) 6 (d) 6
10. Given that two of the zeros of the cubic polynomial ax + bx2 + cx + d are 0, the
3

third zero is
b b c d
(a) − (b) (c) (d) −
a a a a
11. What will be the number of zeros of a linear polynomial p(x) if its graph (i) passes
through the origin. (ii) doesn’t intersect or touch x-axis at any point?
12. Find the quadratic polynomial whose zeros are
(5 + 2 3) and (5 – 2 3)
16 Mathematics-X

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13. If one zero of p(x) = 4x2 – (8k2 – 40k) x – 9 is negative of the other, find values of
k.
14. What number should be added to the polynomial x2 – 5x + 4, so that 3 is a zero of
polynomial so obtained.
15. How many (i) maximum (ii) minimum number of zeroes can a quadratic polynomial
have?
16. What will be the number of real zeros of the polynomial x2 + 1?
17. If α and β are zeros of polynomial 6x2 – 7x – 3, then form a quadratic polynomial
where zeros are 2α and 2β (CBSE)
1
18. If α and are zeros of 4x2 – 17x + k – 4, find the value of k.
α
19. What will be the number of zeros of the polynomials whose graphs are parallel to (i)
y-axis (ii) x-axis?
20. What will be number of zeros of the polynomials whose graphs are either touching or
intersecting the axis only at the points:
(i) (–3, 0), (0, 2) & (3, 0) (ii) (0, 4), (0, 0) and (0, –4)

SHORT ANSWER TYPE (I) QUESTIONS


21. If –3 is one of the zeros of the polynomial (k – 1)x2 + k x + 1, find the value of k.
22. If the product of zeros of ax2 – 6x – 6 is 4, find the value of a. Hence find the sum of
its zeros.
23. If zeros of x2 – kx + 6 are in the ratio 3 : 2, find k.
24. If one zero of the quadratic polynomial (k2 + k)x2 + 68x + 6k is reciprocal of the
other, find k.
25. If α and β are the zeros of the polynomial x2 – 5x + m such that α – β = 1, find m.
(CBSE)
26. If the sum of squares of zeros of the polynomial x2 – 8x + k is 40, find the value of k.
27. If α and β are zeros of the polynomial t2 – t – 4, form a quadratic polynomial whose

1 1
zeros are and .
α β

28. What should be added to the polynomial x3 – 3x2 + 6x – 15, so that it is completely
divisible by x – 3 ? (CBSE 2016)

Mathematics-X 17

Source: EDUDEL
m n
29. If m and n are the zeros of the polynomial 3x2 + 11x – 4, find the value of + .
n m
(CBSE, 2012)
3+ 5 3− 5
30. Find a quadratic polynomial whose zeros are and .
5 5
(CBSE, 2013)

SHORT ANSWER TYPE (II) QUESTIONS


31. If (k + y) is a factor of each of the polynomials y2 + 2y – 15 and y3 + a , find the
values of k and a.
32. Obtain zeros of 4 3 x 2 + 5 x – 2 3 and verify relation between its zeroes and
coefficients.
33. If x4 + 2x3 + 8x2 + 12x + 18 is divided by (x2 + 5) , remainder comes out to be (px
+ q) , find values of p and q.
34. –5 is one of the zeros of 2x2 + px – 15, zeroes of p(x2 + x) + k are equal to each
other. Find the value of k.
35. Find the value of k such that 3x2 + 2kx + x – k – 5 has the sum of zeros as half of
their product.
36. If α and β are zeros of y2 + 5y + m, find the value of m such that (α + β)2 – αβ =
24
37. If α and β are zeros of x2 – x – 2, find a polynomial whose zeros are (2α + 1) and
(2β + 1)
38. Find values of a and b so that x4 + x3 + 8x2 + ax + b is divisible by x2 + 1.
39. What must be subtracted from 8x4 + 14x3 – 2x2 + 7x – 8 so that the resulting
polynomial is exactly divisible by 4x2 + 3x – 2 ?
40. What must be added to 4x4 + 2x3 – 2x2 + x – 1 so that the resulting polynomial is
divisible by x2 – 2x – 3 ?

18 Mathematics-X

Source: EDUDEL
LONG ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS
41. Find all zeros of the polynomial 2x3 + x2 – 6x – 3 if two of its zeroes are
3 and – 3 .

2 is a zero of (6 x + 2 x – 10 x – 4 2) , find its other zeroes.


3 2
42. If

43. If two zeros of x4 – 6x3 – 26x2 + 138 x – 35 are (2  3) , find other zeroes.
44. On dividing the polynomial x3 – 5x2 + 6x – 4 by a polynomial g(x), quotient and
remainder are (x –3) and (– 3x + 5) respectively. Find g(x)
45. Obtain all zeros of the polynomial 2x4 – 2x3 – 7x2 + 3x + 6 if two factors of this

 3
polynomial are  x ± .
 2 

46. If the polynomial x4 – 3x3 – 6x2 + kx – 16 is exactly divisible by x2 – 3x + 2, then find


the value of k. (CBSE, 2014)
47. If the polynomial x4 – 6x3 + 16x2 – 25x + 10 is divided by x2 – 2x + k, then find the
vlaue of k and a. (CBSE)
48. If α and β are zeros of the polynomial x + 4x + 3, find the polynomial whose zeros
2

β α
are 1 + and 1 + . (CBSE)
α β
49. Find K, so that x2 + 2x + K is a factor of 2x4 + x3 – 14x2 + 5x + 6. Also find all the
zeros of the two polynomials: (Exempler, HOTS)
50. If x − 5 is a factor of the cubic polynomial x3 − 3 5x2 + 13x − 3 5 , then find
all the zeros of the polynomial.

ANSWERS AND HINTS

1. (b) 5 2. –1
3. (b) –10 4. (d) a = 0, b = –6
5. (b) 2 6. – 1
7. True 8. True
b
9. (c) 6 10. (a) −
a
Mathematics-X 19

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11. (i) 1 (ii) 0 12. x2 – 10x + 13
13. k = 0, 5 14. 2
15. (i) 2 (ii) 0 16. 0
2
17. 3x – 7x – 6 18. k = 8
19. (i) 1 (ii) 0 20. (i) 2 (ii) 1
3
21. 4/3 22. a = − , sum of zeroes = − 4
2
23. – 5, 5 24. 5
25. 6 26. 12
2
27. 4t + t – 1
28. On dividing x3 – 3x2 + 6x – 15 by x – 3, remainder is + 3, hence – 3 must be
added to x3 – 3x2 + 6x – 15.
2
 11  4
2
 −  − 2  − 
m n m +n 2 2
(m + n) − 2mn 3 3 = − 145
29. + = = = 4 12
n m mn mn −
3
6 4
30. α + β = , αβ = , 31. k = 3, – 5 and a = 27, – 125
5 25
25x2 – 30x + 4
2 3
32. − , 33. p = 2, q = 3
3 4
7
34. 35. 1
4
36. 1 37. x2 – 4x – 5
38. a = 1, b = 7 39. 14x – 10
1
40. 61x – 65 41. 3, − 3, −
2

2 −2 2
42. − , 43. – 5, 7
2 3

20 Mathematics-X

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3
44. x2 – 2x + 3 45. 2, − 1, 
2
46. x2 – 3x + 2 = (x – 2) (x – 1)
P(1) = 0, K = 24.
47. On dividing x4 – 6x3 + 16x2 – 25x + 10 by x2 – 2x + k we get remainder
(2k – 9)x + (10 – 8k + k2)
Given remainder = x + 9
2k – 9 = 1 ⇒ k=5
10 – 8k + k2 = a ⇒ a = 10 – 40 + 25 = – 5
a = – 5, k = 5

2 16 16 1
48. x − x+ or (3 x 2 − 16 x + 16)
3 3 3
49. On dividing 2x4 + x3 – 14x2 + 5x + 6 by x2 + 2x + k
We get (7k + 21)x + 2k2 + 8k + 6 as remainder is zero.
⇒ 7k + 21 = 0 and 2k2 + 8k + 6 = 0
⇒ k = – 3 and k = –1 or – 3
⇒ k = –3
1
Zeros of x2 + 2x – 3 are 1, – 3 and 2x4 + x3 – 14x2 + 5x + 6 are 1, − 3, 2, −
2

50. 5, 5 + 2 , 5− 2

Mathematics-X 21

Source: EDUDEL
PRACTICE-TEST
Polynomials
Time : 1 Hr. M.M. : 20
SECTION- A
1. If α and β are zeros of a quadratic polynomial p(x), then factorize p(x). 1
1 1
2. If α and β are zeros of x2 – x – 1, find the value of + . 1
α β

3. If one of the zeros of quadratic polynomial (K –1) x2 + kx + 1 is – 3 then the value

of K is, 1

4 4 2 2
(a) (b) − (c) (d) −
3 3 3 3
4. A quadratic polynomial, whose zeros are – 3 and 4, is 1
(a) x2 – x + 12 (b) x2 + x + 12

x2 x
(c) − −6 (d) 2x2 + 2x – 24
2 2

SECTION-B

1
5. If α and β are zeros of x2 – (k + 6)x + 2(2k –1). find the value of k if α + β = αβ .
2
2
6. Find a quadratic polynomial one of whose zeros is (3 + 2) and the sum
of its zeroes is 6. 2
2
7. If zeros of the polynomial x2 + 4x + 2a are α and then find the value of a. 2
α

22 Mathematics-X

Source: EDUDEL
SECTION-C
8. Find values of a and b if (x2 + 1) is a factor of the polynomial x4 + x3 + 8x2 + ax
+ b. 3
9. If truth and lie are zeros of the polynomial px2 + qx + r, (p ≠ 0) and zeros are
reciprocal to each other, Find the relation between p and r. 3

SECTION-D
10. On dividing the polynomial x3 + 2x2 + kx + 7 by (x – 3), remainder comes out to be
25. Find quotient and the value of k. Also find the sum and product of zeros of the
quotient so obtained. 4
ppp

Mathematics-X 23

Source: EDUDEL

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