10 Maths Polynomials Notes Question Bank PDF
10 Maths Polynomials Notes Question Bank PDF
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CHAPTER
2 Polynomials
KEY POINTS
1. Polynomial : If x is a variable, n is a natural number and a0, a1, a2, a3, ……….
an are real numbers, then p(x) = an xn + an–1 xn–1 + ......... + a1 x + a0, (an 0) is
called a polynomial in x.
2. Polynomials of degree 1, 2 and 3 are called linear, quadratic and cubic polynomials
respectively.
3. A quadratic polynomial is an algebraic expression of the form ax2 + bx + c,
where a, b, c are real numbers with a 0.
4. Zeros of a polynomial p(x) are precisely the x – coordinates of the points where
the graph of y = p(x) intersects the x–axis, i.e., x = a is a zero of polynomial p(x)
if p(a) = 0
5. A polynomial can have at most the same number of zeros as the degree of the
polynomial.
6. (i) If one zero of a quadratic polynomial p(x) is negative of the other, then
coefficient of x is 0.
(ii) If zeroes of a quadratic polynomial p(x) are reciprocal of each other, then
coefficient of x2 = constant term.
7. Relationship between zeros and coefficients of a polynomial
If and are zeros of p(x) = ax2 + bx + c (a 0), then
b
Sum of zeros = + = –
a
c
Product of zeros = =
a
8. If are zeros of a quadratic polynomial p(x), then
p(x) = k[x2 – (sum of zeros) x + product of zeros]
p(x) = k [x2 – (+ )x + ]; where k is any non-zero real number.
9. Graph of linear polynomial p(x) = ax + b is a straight line.
10. Division Algorithm states that given any polynomials p(x) and g(x), there exist
polynomial q(x) and r(x) such that:
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p(x) = g(x). q(x) + r(x) ; g(x) ≠ 0,
[where either r(x) = 0 or degree r(x) < degree g(x)]
Graph of different types of polynomials:
• Linear Polynomial : The graph of a linear polynomial ax + b is a straight line,
intersecting x-axis at one point.
• Quadratic Polynomial:
(i) Graph of a quadratic polynomial p(x) = ax2 + bx + c is a parabola open
upwards like U, if a > 0 and intersect x-axis at maximum two distinct points.
y
x′ x
0
y'
(ii) Graph of a quodratic polynomial p(x) = ax2 + bx + c is a parabola open
downwards like ∩, if a < 0 and intersect x-axis at maximum two distinct
points.
y
x' x
0
(iii) Polynomial and its graph : In general a polynomial p(x) of degree n crosses
the x-axis at most n points.
y
x' x
0
y'
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VERY SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS
1. If one root of the polynomial P(x) = 5x2 + 13x + K is reciprocal of the other, then
value of k is
1
(a) 0 (b) 5 (c) (d) 6
6
2. If α and β are the zeroes of the polynomial p(x) = x2 – p(x + 1) – c such that
(α + 1) (β + 1) = 0, the c = _______ .
3. If one zero of the quadratic polynomial x2 + 3x + k is 2, then the value of k is
(a) 10 (b) – 10 (c) 5 (d) – 5
2
4. If the zeroes of the quadratic polynomial x + (a + 1)x + b are 2 and – 3, then
(a) a = – 7, b = – 1 (b) a = 5, b = – 1
(c) a = 2, b = – 6 (d) a = 0, b = – 6
5. What should be added to the polynomial x2 – 5x + 4, so that 3 is the zero of the
resulting polynomial:
(a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 4 (d) 5
6. If α and β are the roots of the polynomial
1 1
f (x) = x2 + x + 1, then + =
α β
7. If a quadratic polynomial f(x) is not factorizable into linear factors, then it has no real
zero. (True/False)
8. If a quadratic polynomial f(x) is a square of a linear polynomial, then its two zeros are
coincident. (True/False).
9. The product of the zeros of x3 + 4x2 + x – 6 is
(a) – 4 (b) 4 (c) 6 (d) 6
10. Given that two of the zeros of the cubic polynomial ax + bx2 + cx + d are 0, the
3
third zero is
b b c d
(a) − (b) (c) (d) −
a a a a
11. What will be the number of zeros of a linear polynomial p(x) if its graph (i) passes
through the origin. (ii) doesn’t intersect or touch x-axis at any point?
12. Find the quadratic polynomial whose zeros are
(5 + 2 3) and (5 – 2 3)
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13. If one zero of p(x) = 4x2 – (8k2 – 40k) x – 9 is negative of the other, find values of
k.
14. What number should be added to the polynomial x2 – 5x + 4, so that 3 is a zero of
polynomial so obtained.
15. How many (i) maximum (ii) minimum number of zeroes can a quadratic polynomial
have?
16. What will be the number of real zeros of the polynomial x2 + 1?
17. If α and β are zeros of polynomial 6x2 – 7x – 3, then form a quadratic polynomial
where zeros are 2α and 2β (CBSE)
1
18. If α and are zeros of 4x2 – 17x + k – 4, find the value of k.
α
19. What will be the number of zeros of the polynomials whose graphs are parallel to (i)
y-axis (ii) x-axis?
20. What will be number of zeros of the polynomials whose graphs are either touching or
intersecting the axis only at the points:
(i) (–3, 0), (0, 2) & (3, 0) (ii) (0, 4), (0, 0) and (0, –4)
1 1
zeros are and .
α β
28. What should be added to the polynomial x3 – 3x2 + 6x – 15, so that it is completely
divisible by x – 3 ? (CBSE 2016)
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m n
29. If m and n are the zeros of the polynomial 3x2 + 11x – 4, find the value of + .
n m
(CBSE, 2012)
3+ 5 3− 5
30. Find a quadratic polynomial whose zeros are and .
5 5
(CBSE, 2013)
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LONG ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS
41. Find all zeros of the polynomial 2x3 + x2 – 6x – 3 if two of its zeroes are
3 and – 3 .
43. If two zeros of x4 – 6x3 – 26x2 + 138 x – 35 are (2 3) , find other zeroes.
44. On dividing the polynomial x3 – 5x2 + 6x – 4 by a polynomial g(x), quotient and
remainder are (x –3) and (– 3x + 5) respectively. Find g(x)
45. Obtain all zeros of the polynomial 2x4 – 2x3 – 7x2 + 3x + 6 if two factors of this
3
polynomial are x ± .
2
β α
are 1 + and 1 + . (CBSE)
α β
49. Find K, so that x2 + 2x + K is a factor of 2x4 + x3 – 14x2 + 5x + 6. Also find all the
zeros of the two polynomials: (Exempler, HOTS)
50. If x − 5 is a factor of the cubic polynomial x3 − 3 5x2 + 13x − 3 5 , then find
all the zeros of the polynomial.
1. (b) 5 2. –1
3. (b) –10 4. (d) a = 0, b = –6
5. (b) 2 6. – 1
7. True 8. True
b
9. (c) 6 10. (a) −
a
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11. (i) 1 (ii) 0 12. x2 – 10x + 13
13. k = 0, 5 14. 2
15. (i) 2 (ii) 0 16. 0
2
17. 3x – 7x – 6 18. k = 8
19. (i) 1 (ii) 0 20. (i) 2 (ii) 1
3
21. 4/3 22. a = − , sum of zeroes = − 4
2
23. – 5, 5 24. 5
25. 6 26. 12
2
27. 4t + t – 1
28. On dividing x3 – 3x2 + 6x – 15 by x – 3, remainder is + 3, hence – 3 must be
added to x3 – 3x2 + 6x – 15.
2
11 4
2
− − 2 −
m n m +n 2 2
(m + n) − 2mn 3 3 = − 145
29. + = = = 4 12
n m mn mn −
3
6 4
30. α + β = , αβ = , 31. k = 3, – 5 and a = 27, – 125
5 25
25x2 – 30x + 4
2 3
32. − , 33. p = 2, q = 3
3 4
7
34. 35. 1
4
36. 1 37. x2 – 4x – 5
38. a = 1, b = 7 39. 14x – 10
1
40. 61x – 65 41. 3, − 3, −
2
2 −2 2
42. − , 43. – 5, 7
2 3
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3
44. x2 – 2x + 3 45. 2, − 1,
2
46. x2 – 3x + 2 = (x – 2) (x – 1)
P(1) = 0, K = 24.
47. On dividing x4 – 6x3 + 16x2 – 25x + 10 by x2 – 2x + k we get remainder
(2k – 9)x + (10 – 8k + k2)
Given remainder = x + 9
2k – 9 = 1 ⇒ k=5
10 – 8k + k2 = a ⇒ a = 10 – 40 + 25 = – 5
a = – 5, k = 5
2 16 16 1
48. x − x+ or (3 x 2 − 16 x + 16)
3 3 3
49. On dividing 2x4 + x3 – 14x2 + 5x + 6 by x2 + 2x + k
We get (7k + 21)x + 2k2 + 8k + 6 as remainder is zero.
⇒ 7k + 21 = 0 and 2k2 + 8k + 6 = 0
⇒ k = – 3 and k = –1 or – 3
⇒ k = –3
1
Zeros of x2 + 2x – 3 are 1, – 3 and 2x4 + x3 – 14x2 + 5x + 6 are 1, − 3, 2, −
2
50. 5, 5 + 2 , 5− 2
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PRACTICE-TEST
Polynomials
Time : 1 Hr. M.M. : 20
SECTION- A
1. If α and β are zeros of a quadratic polynomial p(x), then factorize p(x). 1
1 1
2. If α and β are zeros of x2 – x – 1, find the value of + . 1
α β
of K is, 1
4 4 2 2
(a) (b) − (c) (d) −
3 3 3 3
4. A quadratic polynomial, whose zeros are – 3 and 4, is 1
(a) x2 – x + 12 (b) x2 + x + 12
x2 x
(c) − −6 (d) 2x2 + 2x – 24
2 2
SECTION-B
1
5. If α and β are zeros of x2 – (k + 6)x + 2(2k –1). find the value of k if α + β = αβ .
2
2
6. Find a quadratic polynomial one of whose zeros is (3 + 2) and the sum
of its zeroes is 6. 2
2
7. If zeros of the polynomial x2 + 4x + 2a are α and then find the value of a. 2
α
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SECTION-C
8. Find values of a and b if (x2 + 1) is a factor of the polynomial x4 + x3 + 8x2 + ax
+ b. 3
9. If truth and lie are zeros of the polynomial px2 + qx + r, (p ≠ 0) and zeros are
reciprocal to each other, Find the relation between p and r. 3
SECTION-D
10. On dividing the polynomial x3 + 2x2 + kx + 7 by (x – 3), remainder comes out to be
25. Find quotient and the value of k. Also find the sum and product of zeros of the
quotient so obtained. 4
ppp
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