CLARENDON COLLEGE, INC.

Roxas, Oriental Mindoro

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TRIGONOMETRY

Year Level/Course BSED Math/ 1st Year

Lecturer HAZEL P. PALAPUS, MEng
Module No. & Title MODULE 1. ANGLES AND THEIR MEASUREMENTS
Duration 1-3 days (4.5 hours)
Lecture Materials for 1. PDF lesson
distribution 2. Video link

ANGLES AND THEIR MEASUREMENTS

Angle

Angle – the union of two rays with a common endpoint called vertex;
formed by rotating a ray about its vertex from one position called the
initial side of the angle to another position called the terminal side.
angle

The measure of an angle is determined

by the amount of rotation of the
terminal side. If an angle is formed by
a counterclockwise rotation, its
measure is positive. If an angle is
formed by a clockwise rotation, its
measure is negative.

Quadrant I
When the vertex of an angle is at the origin of the
coordinate plane and its initial side coincides
with the positive side of the x-axis, the angle is
said to be in standard position.
Quadrant III
Angular Measure

The definition of an angle suggests one revolution from the position of the initial side. One unit of an
angle measure is the degree. If a rotation from the initial side to the terminal side is of a
revolution, the angle is said to have a measure of 1 degree (written ). of a degree is called a
minute (written ) and of a minute is called a second (written ). These are the units of the
degree system of angular measure which are used in astronomy, surveying and engineering.

Kinds of Angles and Their Measure

Practice 1
Find the degree measure of the angle on each rotation. Sketch the angle in standard position.

Problem Answer

1. rotation, counterclockwise

Counterclockwise, hence negative

2. rotation, clockwise angle

Triangle

Triangle - a figure formed by connecting three noncollinear points of an angle; a

closed figure with three sides, three angles and three vertices.

Classification according to Description Figure

their sides
Equilateral All sides are congruent (or the
lengths of all the sides are equal)

Isosceles Two sides are congruent (or two

sides have equal lengths)

Scalene No two sides are congruent

Classification according to Description Figure
the angle they contain
Equiangular All angles are congruent

Right One angle measures 9 , the other two are

complementary

The longest side opposite to the 9 is called

the hypotenuse, while the other two sides are
called the legs of the right triangle.
Obtuse One angle has a measure which is between
9 and , and the other two angles are
acute

Acute All the angles are acute

IMPORTANT
1. The sum of all the angles of any triangle is .
2. In the case of a right triangle, the sum of the other two angles is 9 .
3. If the sum of the measures of two angles is 9 , the angles are said to be
complementary.
4. The symbol used for angle is while the symbol used for triangle is .

Practice 2
Problem Answer

𝐴+ 𝐵 9

Given is a right triangle and if𝐶 is the right angle 𝐴 9 𝐵

and find𝐵 ffind 𝐴 𝐶
𝐴 9
𝐴

In the given figure 𝐶

𝐴 𝐵+ 𝐶
𝐵 5 5 find 𝐴
𝐴 5 5′ ′′
+
𝐴 79 59′ 55 5
′
𝐴

Angle Measure in Degree and Radians

Naming Angles
Using capital letters of the English
In Geometry 𝐴, 𝐵, 𝐶
alphabet
In Trigonometry Greek letters , ,
 P
Central Angle
s
Central Angle – an angle whose vertex is at the center of the circle and whose 𝜃
sides intersect the circle
The sides of angle intercept arc AP with length s. A

Angles and arcs can be measured in terms of degree.

The degree measure of a central angle is equal to that of its intercepted arc. Thus, a central angle
that intercepts an arc also has a measure of .

Practice 3
There are cases when the given angle measures are not exact. Study the examples below
illustrating how angle measures can be converted.

Express each angle measure using degrees, minutes, and seconds.

Problem Answer
′
5 ′
+ 5 +
′
5 + 5′ + ( ) ( ′
) + 5′ + 5

Express each angle measure in decimal degrees.

Problem Answer
′
+ ( ′
)+ + 5 +
5 ′
+ ( ′
)+ 5 + 5 + 5
5 5

Angle measures can also be expressed in radians. When a central intercepts an arc equal in length
to the radius of the circle, the measure of this angle is defined to be one
radian (abbreviated as 1 rad).

Let be the radius of a circle and the length of an arc intercepted by

central angle .

The radian measure can be found by dividing s by r s

𝜃

A central angle of measure radians intercepts an arc of times the radius. 𝑟

IMPORTANT
1. It is necessary in applying the formula that the radius and arc
length be measured in the same linear units, and that be the
measure of the central angle in radians.
2. When the radius has a measure of 1 unit, the formula , simply
becomes .
3. If is a complete counterclockwise revolution, which is
equivalent to the circumference of the circle, thus,

4. The Greek letter (pi) represents the ratio of the circumference of any
circle to its diameter. Its numerical value is approximately 3.1416.
5.
 To convert degrees to radians, multiply the given number of degrees by

To convert radians to degrees, multiply the given number of radians by

Practice 4
Express each angle measure in radians.
Problem Answer
( )
5
5 ( )
Express each angle measure in degrees.
Problem Answer
( )
5
5 ( ) 9

Activity 1. Direction: Use a legal size (long) bond paper for your output.

I. In which quadrant does the terminal side of each angle lie when it is in standard position?
Sketch each angle.
1.
2. 5
3. 5
4.
5.
II. Find the measure of the missing angle of triangle ABC
1. 𝐴 9 5 ; 𝐵 5 5

2. 𝐵 55 ; 𝐶 5

III. Express each angle measures in decimal degrees.

1. 5
2. 55

IV. Express each angle measures in degrees, minutes and seconds.

1. 55
2. 5

V. Express each angle measure in radian

1. 5
2.

VI. Express each angle measure in degrees

1.

2.
Deadline and Place Modular User 3 September 2020, 4:00 PM
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Prepared by:

HAZEL P. PALAPUS, MEng

Lecturer