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Learining

Learining ASP.net Complete Guide

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0% found this document useful (0 votes)

221 views97 pages

Learining

Learining ASP.net Complete Guide

Uploaded by

Bonella A. Bob

We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.

Available Formats

Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

You are on page 1/ 97

ASP.

NET

#asp.net
Table of Contents
About 1

Chapter 1: Getting started with ASP.NET 2

Remarks 2

Examples 2

Installation or Setup 2

ASP.NET Overview 2

Hello World with OWIN 3

Simple Intro of ASP.NET 3

Chapter 2: Asp Web Forms Identity 5

Examples 5

Getting Started 5

Chapter 3: ASP.NET - Basic Controls 7

Syntax 7

Examples 7

Text Boxes and Labels 7

Check Boxes and Radio Buttons 8

List Controls 9

Radio Button list and Check Box list 10

Bulleted lists and Numbered lists 10

HyperLink Control 11

Image Control 11

Chapter 4: ASP.NET - Managing State 13

Examples 13

View State 13

Chapter 5: ASP.NET - User Controls 15

Introduction 15

Examples 15

Introduction of User Controls 15

Creating User Control Instance Programmatically 16

Adding Custom Properties for User Control 16

Chapter 6: ASP.NET - Validators 18

Syntax 18

Examples 18

Validation controls 18

RequiredFieldValidator Control 18

RangeValidator Control 19

CompareValidator Control 19

RegularExpressionValidator 20

Validation Summary 21

Validation Groups 22

Chapter 7: Asp.net Ajax Controls 25

Examples 25

FileUpload Ajax Toolkit Control 25

Chapter 8: ASP.NET Caching 27

Examples 27

Data Cache 27

Chapter 9: Data Binding 29

Examples 29

SQL Data Source 29

Retrieving Data 29

Basic Usage 30

Object Data Source 30

Chapter 10: Data List 32

Syntax 32

Examples 32

Data Binding in asp.net 32

Chapter 11: DayPilot Scheduler 34

Parameters 34

Remarks 34

Examples 34

Basic Info 34

Declaration 34
Chapter 12: Directives 36

Examples 36

The Application Directive 36

The Control Directive 36

The Implements Directive 37

The Master Directive 37

The Import Directive 37

The MasterType Directive 37

The Page Directive 38

The OutputCache Directive 39

Chapter 13: Event Delegation 40

Syntax 40

Remarks 40

Examples 40

Delegation of Event from User Control to aspx 40

Chapter 14: Event Handling 43

Syntax 43

Parameters 43

Examples 43

Application and Session Events 43

Page and Control Events 43

Default Events 44

Chapter 15: Expressions 47

Examples 47

Value From App.Config 47

Evaluated Expression 47

Code Block Within ASP Markup 47

Chapter 16: Find Control by ID 48

Syntax 48

Remarks 48

Examples 48

Accessing the TextBox Control in aspx Page 48

Find a control in a GridView, Repeater, ListView etc. 48

Chapter 17: GridView 49

Examples 49

Data Binding 49

Manual Binding 49

DataSourceControl 49

Columns 49

Strongly Typed GridView 50

Handling command event 51

Paging 52

ObjectDataSource 52

Manual Binding 53

Update Gridview on row click 54

Chapter 18: httpHandlers 57

Examples 57

Using an httpHandler (.ashx) to download a file from a specific location 57

Chapter 19: Katana 59

Introduction 59

Examples 59

Example 59

Chapter 20: Middleware 61

Parameters 61

Remarks 61

Examples 61

Output the request path and the time it took to process it 61

Chapter 21: Page Life Cycle 63

Examples 63

Life Cycle Events 63

Code Example 64

Chapter 22: Page Methods 68

Parameters 68
Remarks 68

More than one parameter 68

Return value 68

Examples 68

How to call it 68

Chapter 23: Repeater 70

Examples 70

Basic usage 70

Chapter 24: ScriptManager 71

Introduction 71

Syntax 71

Examples 71

Working with ScriptManager 71

Chapter 25: Session Managment 73

Examples 73

Advantage and Disadvantage of Session State, types of session 73

Chapter 26: Session State 74

Syntax 74

Remarks 74

Examples 74

Using the Session object to store values 74

Using a SQL Session Store 75

Using an Amazon DynamoDB Session Store 75

Chapter 27: UpdatePanel 77

Introduction 77

Syntax 77

Remarks 77

Examples 77

Update Panel Example 77

Chapter 28: View State 79

Introduction 79
Syntax 79

Examples 79

Example 79

Chapter 29: web.config > system.webServer/httpErrors & system.web/customErrors sections 81

Introduction 81

Examples 81

What is the difference between customErrors and httpErrors? 81

Chapter 30: WebForms 82

Syntax 82

Remarks 82

Examples 82

Using a Repeater to create a HTML Table 82

Grouping in ListView 83

Example 85

Hyperlink 85

Chapter 31: WebService without Visual Studio 87

Introduction 87

Remarks 87

Examples 87

Calculator WebService 87

Credits 89
About
You can share this PDF with anyone you feel could benefit from it, downloaded the latest version
from: asp-net

It is an unofficial and free ASP.NET ebook created for educational purposes. All the content is
extracted from Stack Overflow Documentation, which is written by many hardworking individuals at
Stack Overflow. It is neither affiliated with Stack Overflow nor official ASP.NET.

The content is released under Creative Commons BY-SA, and the list of contributors to each
chapter are provided in the credits section at the end of this book. Images may be copyright of
their respective owners unless otherwise specified. All trademarks and registered trademarks are
the property of their respective company owners.

Use the content presented in this book at your own risk; it is not guaranteed to be correct nor
accurate, please send your feedback and corrections to [email protected]

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Chapter 1: Getting started with ASP.NET
Remarks
ASP.NET is a collection of technologies within the .NET Framework that are targeted towards web
application development. These technologies consist of:

• WebForms: A RAD style development platform using web controls.

• MVC: A Model View Controller development platform.
• SignalR: A real-time messaging platform for client/server messaging.
• Razor: A front-end markup language you can embed server-side commands with.
• WebAPI: A platform for building REST API style applications.

Examples
Installation or Setup

By default, all the required libraries for build ASP.NET applications are included during the
installation of Visual Studio. If a newer version of ASP.NET is released that was not included with
Visual Studio, you can download the appropriate SDK library from Microsoft, which will include all
the necessary libraries for that version.

Similarly, the Windows operating system comes pre-installed with a more recent version of
ASP.NET and is automatically registered with IIS for configuration and execution. Similarly, if a
newer version of ASP.NET becomes available, you can install the SDK for the version you need
and then use the aspnet_regiis tool to register the framework with IIS for use.

It should be also noted that for server deployments, there also exists a ASP.NET SDK
Redistributable package. This version is a streamlined version of the SDK, with just the essential
libraries and does not have the tools and integrations with Visual Studio in it.

ASP.NET Overview

ASP.NET is a unified Web development model that includes the services necessary for you to
build enterprise-class Web applications with a minimum of coding. ASP.NET is part of the .NET
Framework, and when coding ASP.NET applications you have access to classes in the .NET
Framework.

You can code your applications in any language compatible with the common language runtime
(CLR), including Microsoft Visual Basic, C#, JScript .NET, and J#. These languages enable you to
develop ASP.NET applications that benefit from the common language runtime, type safety,
inheritance, and so on.

ASP.NET includes:

• A page and controls framework

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• The ASP.NET compiler
• Security infrastructure
• State-management facilities
• Application configuration
• Health monitoring and performance features
• Debugging support
• An XML Web services framework
• Extensible hosting environment and application life cycle management
• An extensible designer environment

Hello World with OWIN

Use the packet manager to install Microsoft.Owin.SelfHost

install-packet Microsoft.Owin.SelfHost

Code for a bare minimum HelloWorld web application running from a console window:

namespace HelloOwin
{
using System;
using Owin;

class Program
{
static readonly string baseUrl = "http://localhost:8080";

static void Main(string[] args)

{
using (Microsoft.Owin.Hosting.WebApp.Start<Startup>(baseUrl))
{
Console.WriteLine("Prease any key to quit.");
Console.ReadKey();
}
}

public class Startup

{
public void Configuration(IAppBuilder app)
{
app.Run(ctx =>
{
return ctx.Response.WriteAsync("Hello World");
});
}
}
}

Simple Intro of ASP.NET

Asp.net is web application framework developed by Microsoft to build dynamic data-driven Web

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Application and WebServices.

Asp.net is basically a subset of wider .NET framework. A framework is nothing but a collection of
classes.

In .NET Framework you can build Console application. Web Application, Window Application,
Mobile Application. So for web application ASP.net is being used.

ASP.NET is the successor to classic ASP (Active Server Page.)

What is Web Application?

A web application is an application that is accessed by users using a web browser such as:

• Microsoft Internet Explorer.

• Google Chrome
• Mozilla FireFox
• Apple safari

Read Getting started with ASP.NET online: https://riptutorial.com/asp-net/topic/836/getting-started-

with-asp-net

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Chapter 2: Asp Web Forms Identity
Examples
Getting Started

Getting Started

Install NuGet packages:

1. Microsoft.AspNet.Identity.EntityFramework

2. Microsoft.AspNet.Identity.Core

3. Microsoft.AspNet.Identity.OWIN

Register action - Account controller

[HttpPost]
[AllowAnonymous]
[ValidateAntiForgeryToken]
public async Task<ActionResult> Register(RegisterViewModel model)
{
if (ModelState.IsValid)
{
var user = new ApplicationUser() { UserName = model.UserName };
var result = await UserManager.CreateAsync(user, model.Password);
if (result.Succeeded)
{
await SignInAsync(user, isPersistent: false);
return RedirectToAction("Index", "Home");
}
else
{
AddErrors(result);
}
}

// If we got this far, something failed, redisplay form

return View(model);
}

Log-in action - SignInAsync method

private async Task SignInAsync(ApplicationUser user, bool isPersistent)

{
AuthenticationManager.SignOut(DefaultAuthenticationTypes.ExternalCookie);

var identity = await UserManager.CreateIdentityAsync(

user, DefaultAuthenticationTypes.ApplicationCookie);

AuthenticationManager.SignIn(
new AuthenticationProperties() {

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IsPersistent = isPersistent
}, identity);
}

Log off

// POST: /Account/LogOff
[HttpPost]
[ValidateAntiForgeryToken]
public ActionResult LogOff()
{
AuthenticationManager.SignOut();
return RedirectToAction("Index", "Home");
}

Read Asp Web Forms Identity online: https://riptutorial.com/asp-net/topic/9146/asp-web-forms-

identity

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Chapter 3: ASP.NET - Basic Controls
Syntax
• <asp:Button ID="Button1" runat="server" onclick="Button1_Click" Text="Click" / >
<asp:TextBox ID="txtstate" runat="server">
• </asp:TextBox> <asp:CheckBox ID= "chkoption" runat= "Server"> </asp:CheckBox>
<asp:RadioButton ID= "rdboption" runat= "Server"> </asp: RadioButton>
• <asp:ListBox ID="ListBox1" runat="server" AutoPostBack="True"
OnSelectedIndexChanged="ListBox1_SelectedIndexChanged"> </asp:ListBox>
• <asp:DropDownList ID="DropDownList1" runat="server" AutoPostBack="True"
OnSelectedIndexChanged="DropDownList1_SelectedIndexChanged">
</asp:DropDownList>
• <asp:RadioButtonList ID="RadioButtonList1" runat="server" AutoPostBack="True"
OnSelectedIndexChanged="RadioButtonList1_SelectedIndexChanged">
</asp:RadioButtonList>
• <asp:CheckBoxList ID="CheckBoxList1" runat="server" AutoPostBack="True"
OnSelectedIndexChanged="CheckBoxList1_SelectedIndexChanged"> </asp:CheckBoxList>
• <asp:BulletedList ID="BulletedList1" runat="server"> </asp:BulletedList>
• <asp:HyperLink ID="HyperLink1" runat="server"> HyperLink </asp:HyperLink> <asp:Image
ID="Image1" runat="server">

Examples
Text Boxes and Labels

Text box controls are typically used to accept input from the user. A text box control can accept
one or more lines of text depending upon the settings of the TextMode attribute.

Label controls provide an easy way to display text which can be changed from one execution of a
page to the next. If you want to display text that does not change, you use the literal text.

Basic syntax of text control:

<asp:TextBox ID="txtstate" runat="server" ></asp:TextBox>

Common Properties of the Text Box and Labels:

Properties Description

Specifies the type of text box. SingleLine creates a standard text box, MultiLIne
TextMode creates a text box that accepts more than one line of text and the Password
causes the characters that are entered to be masked. The default is SingleLine.

Text The text content of the text box.

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Properties Description

MaxLength The maximum number of characters that can be entered into the text box.

It determines whether or not text wraps automatically for multi-line text box;
Wrap
default is true.

Determines whether the user can change the text in the box; default is false,
ReadOnly
i.e., the user can change the text.

The width of the text box in characters. The actual width is determined based on
Columns
the font that is used for the text entry.

The height of a multi-line text box in lines. The default value is 0, means a
Rows
single line text box.

The mostly used attribute for a label control is 'Text', which implies the text displayed on the label.

Check Boxes and Radio Buttons

A check box displays a single option that the user can either check or uncheck and radio buttons
present a group of options from which the user can select just one option.

To create a group of radio buttons, you specify the same name for the GroupName attribute of
each radio button in the group. If more than one group is required in a single form, then specify a
different group name for each group.

If you want check box or radio button to be selected when the form is initially displayed, set its
Checked attribute to true. If the Checked attribute is set to true for multiple radio buttons in a
group, then only the last one is considered as true.

Basic syntax of check box:

<asp:CheckBox ID= "chkoption" runat= "Server"> </asp:CheckBox>

Basic syntax of radio button:

<asp:RadioButton ID= "rdboption" runat= "Server"> </asp: RadioButton>

Common properties of check boxes and radio buttons:

Properties Description

Text The text displayed next to the check box or radio button.

Checked Specifies whether it is selected or not, default is false.

GroupName Name of the group the control belongs to.

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List Controls

ASP.NET provides the following controls

• Drop-down list
• List box
• Radio button list
• Check box list
• Bulleted list

These control let a user choose from one or more items from the list. List boxes and drop-down
lists contain one or more list items. These lists can be loaded either by code or by the
ListItemCollection editor.

Basic syntax of list box control:

<asp:ListBox ID="ListBox1" runat="server" AutoPostBack="True"

OnSelectedIndexChanged="ListBox1_SelectedIndexChanged">
</asp:ListBox>

Basic syntax of drop-down list control:

<asp:DropDownList ID="DropDownList1" runat="server" AutoPostBack="True"

OnSelectedIndexChanged="DropDownList1_SelectedIndexChanged">
</asp:DropDownList>

Common properties of list box and drop-down Lists:

Properties Description

The collection of ListItem objects that represents the items in the control.
Items
This property returns an object of type ListItemCollection.

Specifies the number of items displayed in the box. If actual list contains
Rows
more rows than displayed then a scroll bar is added.

The index of the currently selected item. If more than one item is selected,
SelectedIndex then the index of the first selected item. If no item is selected, the value of
this property is -1.

The value of the currently selected item. If more than one item is selected,
SelectedValue then the value of the first selected item. If no item is selected, the value of
this property is an empty string ("").

SelectionMode Indicates whether a list box allows single selections or multiple selections.

Common properties of each list item objects:

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Properties Description

Text The text displayed for the item.

Selected A string value associated with the item.

Value Indicates whether the item is selected.

It is important to notes that:

• To work with the items in a drop-down list or list box, you use the Items property of the
control. This property returns a ListItemCollection object which contains all the items of the
list.
• The SelectedIndexChanged event is raised when the user selects a different item from a
drop-down list or list box.

Radio Button list and Check Box list

A radio button list presents a list of mutually exclusive options. A check box list presents a list of
independent options. These controls contain a collection of ListItem objects that could be referred
to through the Items property of the control.

Basic syntax of radio button list:

<asp:RadioButtonList ID="RadioButtonList1" runat="server" AutoPostBack="True"

OnSelectedIndexChanged="RadioButtonList1_SelectedIndexChanged">
</asp:RadioButtonList>

Basic syntax of check box list:

<asp:CheckBoxList ID="CheckBoxList1" runat="server" AutoPostBack="True"

OnSelectedIndexChanged="CheckBoxList1_SelectedIndexChanged">
</asp:CheckBoxList>

Common properties of check box and radio button lists:

Properties Description

This attribute specifies whether the table tags or the normal html flow to
RepeatLayout
use while formatting the list when it is rendered. The default is Table.

It specifies the direction in which the controls to be repeated. The values

RepeatDirection
available are Horizontal and Vertical. Default is Vertical.

It specifies the number of columns to use when repeating the controls;

RepeatColumns
default is 0.

Bulleted lists and Numbered lists

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The bulleted list control creates bulleted lists or numbered lists. These controls contain a collection
of ListItem objects that could be referred to through the Items property of the control.

Basic syntax of a bulleted list:

<asp:BulletedList ID="BulletedList1" runat="server">

</asp:BulletedList>

Common properties of the bulleted list:

Properties Description

BulletStyle This property specifies the style and looks of the bullets, or numbers.

It specifies the direction in which the controls to be repeated. The values

RepeatDirection
available are Horizontal and Vertical. Default is Vertical.

It specifies the number of columns to use when repeating the controls;

RepeatColumns
default is 0.

HyperLink Control

The HyperLink control is like the HTML element.

Basic syntax for a hyperlink control:

<asp:HyperLink ID="HyperLink1" runat="server">

HyperLink
</asp:HyperLink>

It has the following important properties:

Properties Description

ImageUrl Path of the image to be displayed by the control.

NavigateUrl Target link URL.

Text The text to be displayed as the link.

Target The window or frame which loads the linked page.

Image Control

The image control is used for displaying images on the web page, or some alternative text, if the
image is not available.

Basic syntax for an image control:

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<asp:Image ID="Image1" runat="server">

It has the following important properties:

Properties Description

AlternateText Alternate text to be displayed in absence of the image.

ImageAlign Alignment options for the control.

ImageUrl Path of the image to be displayed by the control.

Read ASP.NET - Basic Controls online: https://riptutorial.com/asp-net/topic/6444/asp-net---basic-

controls

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Chapter 4: ASP.NET - Managing State
Examples
View State

The following example demonstrates the concept of storing view state. Let us keep a counter,
which is incremented each time the page is posted back by clicking a button on the page. A label
control shows the value in the counter.

The markup file code is as follows:

<%@ Page Language="C#" AutoEventWireup="true" CodeBehind="Default.aspx.cs"

Inherits="statedemo._Default" %>

<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN"

"http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">

<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" >

<head runat="server">
<title>
Untitled Page
</title>
</head>

<div>
<h3>View State demo</h3>

Page Counter:

<asp:Label ID="lblCounter" runat="server" />

<asp:Button ID="btnIncrement" runat="server" Text="Add Count"
onclick="btnIncrement_Click" />
</div>

</form>
</body>

</html>

The code behind file for the example is shown here:

public partial class _Default : System.Web.UI.Page

{
public int counter
{
get
{
if (ViewState["pcounter"] != null)
{

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return ((int)ViewState["pcounter"]);
}
else
{
return 0;
}
}

set
{
ViewState["pcounter"] = value;
}
}

protected void Page_Load(object sender, EventArgs e)

{
lblCounter.Text = counter.ToString();
counter++;
}
}

It would produce the following result:

View State Demo

Read ASP.NET - Managing State online: https://riptutorial.com/asp-net/topic/6296/asp-net---

managing-state

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Chapter 5: ASP.NET - User Controls
Introduction
User controls are containers which can be populated with HTML markup & server controls with
code-behind in the same way as ASPX page. They're treated as reusable smaller units of a page,
so they can't run as stand-alone pages and must not having html, body or form HTML elements
in them.

Examples
Introduction of User Controls

User controls are made for reusability across ASP.NET pages, similar to master pages. Instead of
sharing base page layout, user controls share group of HTML/ASP.NET built-in server controls or
a specific form layout, e.g. comment submission or guest notes.

A user control can contain both HTML controls and ASP.NET server controls, including client-side
scripts.

The user controls usually include Control directive on top of its definition:

<%@ Control Language="C#" AutoEventWireup="True" CodeFile="UserControl.ascx.cs" %>

Like ASPX page, user controls consists of markups which can be associated with a code behind
file to perform certain events and tasks, therefore all HTML tags available on ASPX page can be
used on user controls except <html>, <body> and <form> tags.

Here is an example for simple user control markup:

<%-- UserControl.ascx --%>

<%@ Control Language="C#" AutoEventWireup="True" CodeFile="UserControl.ascx.cs" %>
<div>
<asp:Label ID="Label1" runat="server" />
<br />
<asp:Button ID="Button1" runat="server" Text="Click Here" OnClick="Button1_Click" />
</div>

Code-behind example:

// UserControl.ascx.cs
public partial class UserControl : System.Web.UI.UserControl
{
protected void Button1_Click(Object sender, EventArgs e)
{
Label1.Text = "Hello World!";
}
}

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Before a user control inserted in ASPX page, Register directive should declared on top of the page
referencing the user control with its source URL, tag name & tag prefix.

<%@ Register Src="UserControl.ascx" TagName="UserControl" TagPrefix="uc" %>

Afterwards, you can place user control inside ASPX page like ASP.NET built-in server control:

<uc:UserControl ID="UserControl1" runat="server" />

Creating User Control Instance Programmatically

If you want to instantiate an instance of user control inside ASPX code behind page, you need to
write user control declaration on Page_Load event as follows:

public partial class Default : System.Web.UI.Page

{
protected void Page_Load(Object sender, EventArgs e)
{
Control control1 = LoadControl("UserControl.ascx");
Page.Controls.Add(control1);
}
}

Note that the user control ASCX file should be already created when executing LoadControl
method.

Another way known to declare user controls programatically is using PlaceHolder:

public partial class Default : System.Web.UI.Page

{
public PlaceHolder Placeholder1;
protected void Page_Load(Object sender, EventArgs e)
{
Control control1 = LoadControl("UserControl.ascx");
Placeholder1.Controls.Add(control1);
}
}

Depending on your need, PlaceHolder places user controls on a container storing all server
controls dynamically added into the page, where Page.Controls directly inserts user control inside
the page which more preferred for rendering HTML literal controls.

Adding Custom Properties for User Control

Like standard ASP.NET built-in server controls, user controls can have properties (attributes) on
its definition tag. Suppose you want to add color effect on UserControl.ascx file like this:

<uc:UserControl ID="UserControl1" runat="server" Color="blue" />

At this point, custom attributes/properties for user controls can be set by declaring properties

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inside user control's code behind:

private String _color;

public String Color
{
get
{
return _color;
}
set
{
_color = value;
}
}

Additionally, if you want to set default value on a user control property, assign the default value
inside user control's constructor method.

public UserControl()
{
_color = "red";
}

Then, user control markup should be modified to add color attribute as following example:

<%@ Control Language="C#" AutoEventWireup="True" CodeFile="UserControl.ascx.cs" %>

Read ASP.NET - User Controls online: https://riptutorial.com/asp-net/topic/6773/asp-net---user-

controls

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Chapter 6: ASP.NET - Validators
Syntax
• RequiredFieldValidator Control: <asp:RequiredFieldValidator ID="rfvcandidate"
runat="server" ControlToValidate ="ddlcandidate" ErrorMessage="Please choose a
candidate" InitialValue="Please choose a candidate">
</asp:RequiredFieldValidator>

• RangeValidator Control:

<asp:RangeValidator ID="rvclass" runat="server" ControlToValidate="txtclass"

ErrorMessage="Enter your class (6 - 12)" MaximumValue="12" MinimumValue="6"
Type="Integer">
</asp:RangeValidator>

• CompareValidator Control: <asp:CompareValidator ID="CompareValidator1"

runat="server" ErrorMessage="CompareValidator"> </asp:CompareValidator>

• CustomValidator:

<asp:CustomValidator ID="CustomValidator1" runat="server"

ClientValidationFunction=.cvf_func. ErrorMessage="CustomValidator">

</asp:CustomValidator>

• Validation Summary: <asp:ValidationSummary ID="ValidationSummary1" runat="server"

DisplayMode = "BulletList" ShowSummary = "true" HeaderText="Errors:" />

Examples
Validation controls

ASP.NET validation controls validate the user input data to ensure that useless, unauthenticated,
or contradictory data don't get stored.

ASP.NET provides the following validation controls:

• RequiredFieldValidator
• RangeValidator
• CompareValidator
• RegularExpressionValidator
• CustomValidator
• ValidationSummary

RequiredFieldValidator Control

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The RequiredFieldValidator control ensures that the required field is not empty. It is generally tied
to a text box to force input into the text box.

The syntax of the control is as given:

<asp:RequiredFieldValidator ID="rfvcandidate"
runat="server" ControlToValidate ="ddlcandidate"
ErrorMessage="Please choose a candidate"
InitialValue="Please choose a candidate">

</asp:RequiredFieldValidator>

RangeValidator Control

The RangeValidator control verifies that the input value falls within a predetermined range.

It has three specific properties:

Properties Description

Type It defines the type of the data. The available values are: Currency, Date,

MinimumValue It specifies the minimum value of the range.

MaximumValue It specifies the maximum value of the range.

The syntax of the control is as given:

<asp:RangeValidator ID="rvclass" runat="server" ControlToValidate="txtclass"

ErrorMessage="Enter your class (6 - 12)" MaximumValue="12"
MinimumValue="6" Type="Integer">

</asp:RangeValidator>

CompareValidator Control

The CompareValidator control compares a value in one control with a fixed value or a value in
another control.

It has the following specific properties:

Properties Description

Type It specifies the data type.

ControlToCompare It specifies the value of the input control to compare with.

ValueToCompare It specifies the constant value to compare with.

ValueToCompare It specifies the comparison operator, the available values are: Equal,

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Properties Description

NotEqual, GreaterThan, GreaterThanEqual, LessThan, LessThanEqual,

and DataTypeCheck.

The basic syntax of the control is as follows:

<asp:CompareValidator ID="CompareValidator1" runat="server"

ErrorMessage="CompareValidator">

</asp:CompareValidator>

RegularExpressionValidator

The RegularExpressionValidator allows validating the input text by matching against a pattern of a
regular expression. The regular expression is set in the ValidationExpression property.

The following table summarizes the commonly used syntax constructs for regular expressions:

Character Escapes Description

\b Matches a backspace.

\t Matches a tab.

\r Matches a carriage return.

\v Matches a vertical tab.

\f Matches a form feed.

\n Matches a new line.

\ Escape character.

Apart from single character match, a class of characters could be specified that can be matched,
called the metacharacters.

Metacharacters Description

. Matches any character except \n.

[abcd] Matches any character in the set.

[^abcd] Excludes any character in the set.

[2-7a-mA-M] Matches any character specified in the range.

\w Matches any alphanumeric character and underscore.

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Metacharacters Description

\W Matches any non-word character.

\s Matches whitespace characters like, space, tab, new line etc.

\S Matches any non-whitespace character.

\d Matches any decimal character.

\D Matches any non-decimal character.

Quantifiers could be added to specify number of times a character could appear.

Quantifier Description

* Zero or more matches.

+ One or more matches.

? Zero or one matches.

{N} N matches.

{N,} N or more matches.

{N,M} Between N and M matches.

The syntax of the control is as given:

<asp:RegularExpressionValidator ID="string" runat="server" ErrorMessage="string"

ValidationExpression="string" ValidationGroup="string">

</asp:RegularExpressionValidator>

Validation Summary

The ValidationSummary control does not perform any validation but shows a summary of all errors
in the page. The summary displays the values of the ErrorMessage property of all validation
controls that failed validation.

The following two mutually inclusive properties list out the error message:

ShowSummary : shows the error messages in specified format.

ShowMessageBox : shows the error messages in a separate window.

The syntax for the control is as given:

<asp:ValidationSummary ID="ValidationSummary1" runat="server"

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DisplayMode = "BulletList" ShowSummary = "true" HeaderText="Errors:" />

Validation Groups

Complex pages have different groups of information provided in different panels. In such situation,
a need might arise for performing validation separately for separate group. This kind of situation is
handled using validation groups.

To create a validation group, you should put the input controls and the validation controls into the
same logical group by setting their ValidationGroup property.

Example The following example describes a form to be filled up by all the students of a school,
divided into four houses, for electing the school president. Here, we use the validation controls to
validate the user input.

This is the form in design view:

The content file code is as given:

<form id="form1" runat="server">

<table style="width: 66%;">

<tr>
<td class="style3">
Candidate:
</td>

<td class="style2">
<asp:DropDownList ID="ddlcandidate" runat="server" style="width:239px">
<asp:ListItem>Please Choose a Candidate</asp:ListItem>
<asp:ListItem>M H Kabir</asp:ListItem>
<asp:ListItem>Steve Taylor</asp:ListItem>

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<asp:ListItem>John Abraham</asp:ListItem>
<asp:ListItem>Venus Williams</asp:ListItem>
</asp:DropDownList>
</td>

<tr>
<td class="style3">
House:
</td>

<td class="style2">
<asp:RadioButtonList ID="rblhouse" runat="server" RepeatLayout="Flow">
<asp:ListItem>Red</asp:ListItem>
<asp:ListItem>Blue</asp:ListItem>
<asp:ListItem>Yellow</asp:ListItem>
<asp:ListItem>Green</asp:ListItem>
</asp:RadioButtonList>
</td>

<tr>
<td class="style3">
Class:
</td>

<tr>
<td class="style3">
Email:
</td>

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</asp:TextBox>
</td>

The code behind the submit button:

protected void btnsubmit_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)

{
if (Page.IsValid)
{
lblmsg.Text = "Thank You";
}
else
{
lblmsg.Text = "Fill up all the fields";
}
}

Read ASP.NET - Validators online: https://riptutorial.com/asp-net/topic/6180/asp-net---validators

https://riptutorial.com/ 24
Chapter 7: Asp.net Ajax Controls
Examples
FileUpload Ajax Toolkit Control

1. Add a reference of AjaxToolkitControl.dll into your project.

2. Then drag and drop Toolkit Script Manager and AjaxFileUpload Control from Visual Studio
Toolbox window to your .aspx page like this :

3. use this code on your aspx.cs file

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4. Make sure you have created folder named as Uploads in your project root directory.

Read Asp.net Ajax Controls online: https://riptutorial.com/asp-net/topic/7164/asp-net-ajax-controls

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Chapter 8: ASP.NET Caching
Examples
Data Cache

ASP.Net exposes Cache API to store data in the cache for retrieval later.

Getting Started

Store string

Cache["key"]="value";

Retrieve string

var value="";
if (Cache["key"] != null)
value = Cache["key"].ToString();

You can also use the Add or the Insert methods.

protected void Page_Load( object sender, EventArgs e)

{
if ( this.IsPostBack )
{
label1.Text + = "Page is posted back";
}
else
{
label1.Text + = "Page is created";
}

if ( Cache [ "item"] == null )

{
label1.Text + = "New item is created";
DateTime item = DateTime.Now;
label1.Text + = "Item is stored";
Cache.Insert ( "item", item, null );
DateTime.Now.AddSeconds ( 20 ), TimeSpan.Zero;
}

else
{
label1.Text + = "Item is accesses";
DateTime item = ( DateTime) Cache [ "item" ];
label1.Text + = "Time is: " + item.ToString();
label1.Text + = <br/>";
}

label1.Text + = "<br/>";
}

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Read ASP.NET Caching online: https://riptutorial.com/asp-net/topic/9148/asp-net-caching

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Chapter 9: Data Binding
Examples
SQL Data Source

Controls that can be bound with data can make use of SqlDataSource controls. The SqlDataSource
control not only allows you to retrieve data from a database, but also edit and sort the data.

Retrieving Data
Stored Procedure:

<asp:SqlDataSource ID="SqlDataSourceEmployees"
runat="server"
ConnectionString="<%$ ConnectionStrings:MyConnectionString %>"
SelectCommand="sp_GetEmployees"
SelectCommandType="StoredProcedure">
</asp:SqlDataSource>

SQL Query:

Parameters:

<asp:SqlDataSource ID="SqlDataSourceEmployees"
runat="server"
ConnectionString="<%$ ConnectionStrings:MyConnectionString %>"
SelectCommand="SELECT
EmployeeID,
EmployeeFirstName,
EmployeeLastName
FROM
dbo.Employees
WHERE
DepartmentID = @DepartmentID;">
<SelectParameters>
<asp:ControlParameter ControlID="ddlDepartment"
Name="DepartmentID"
PropertyName="SelectedValue" />
</SelectParameters>

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</asp:SqlDataSource>

Be aware of the CancelSelectOnNullParameter option, that if set to true (default) will stop the data
binding if any parameter is NULL

Basic Usage
GridView:

<asp:GridView ID="GridViewEmployees"
runat="server"
AutoGenerateColumns="false"
DataSourceID="SqlDataSourceEmployees">
<Columns>
<asp:BoundField DataField="EmployeeID" HeaderText="Employee ID" />
<asp:BoundField DataField="EmployeeFirstName" HeaderText="First Name" />
<asp:BoundField DataField="EmployeeLastName" HeaderText="Last Name" />
</Columns>
</asp:GridView>

Object Data Source

<asp:ObjectDataSource ID="ObjectDataSourceEmployees" runat="server"

TypeName="MyPackage.MyDataAccessClass"
DataObjectTypeName="MyPackage.Employee"
SelectMethod="GetEmployees"
UpdateMethod="SaveEmployee"
InsertMethod="SaveEmployee">
</asp:ObjectDataSource>

In the code behind

The Data Access Class

public class MyDataAccess

{
public static List<Employee> GetEmployees()
{
List<Employee> results = new List<Employee>()
{
new Employee(){ Id=1, Name="John Smith" },
new Employee(){ Id=2, Name="Mary Jane" }
};

return results;
}

public static void SaveEmployee(Employee e)

{
// Persist Employee e to the DB/cache etc. here
}
}

The Employee Class

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public class Employee
{
public Int32EmployeeId { get; set; }
public string Name { get; set; }
}

Read Data Binding online: https://riptutorial.com/asp-net/topic/2245/data-binding

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Chapter 10: Data List
Syntax
1. ItemTemplate:It potrays the content and layout of items within the list.This is mandatory
Required
2. AlternatingItemTemplate:If mentioned, determines the content and layout of alternating
items. If not mentioned, ItemTemplate is used.
3. SeparatorTemplate : If mentioned, is rendered between items (and alternating items). If not
mentioned, a separator is not rendered.
4. SelectedItemTemplate : If mentioned, determines the content and layout of the selected
item. If not mentioned, ItemTemplate (AlternatingItemTemplate) is used.
5. EditItemTemplate :If mentioned, determines the content and layout of the item being edited.
If not mentioned, ItemTemplate (AlternatingItemTemplate, SelectedItemTemplate) is used.
6. HeaderTemplate:If mentioned, determines the content and layout of the list header. If not
mentioned, the header is not rendered.
7. FooterTemplate:If mentioned, determines the content and layout of the list footer. If not
mentioned, the footer is not rendered.

Examples
Data Binding in asp.net

Aspx

<asp:DataList runat="server" CssClass="sample" RepeatLayout="Flow" ID="dlsamplecontent"

RepeatDirection="Vertical" OnItemCommand="dlsamplecontent_ItemCommand">
<ItemStyle CssClass="tdContainer" />
<ItemTemplate>
//you code
</ItemTemplate>
</asp:DataList>

Aspx.cs

public void GetSamplingContentType()

{
try
{
ErrorLogger.gstrClientMethodName = this.GetType().FullName + "_" +
System.Reflection.MethodBase.GetCurrentMethod().Name + " : ";

DataTable dt = new DataTable();

dlsamplecontent.DataSource = dt;
dlsamplecontent.DataBind();

}
catch (Exception ex)
{

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ErrorLogger.ClientErrorLogger(ex);
}
}

Item Command and Retrieving Id using Command argument

protected void dlsamplecontent_ItemCommand(object source, DataListCommandEventArgs e)

{

try
{
int BlogId = Convert.ToInt32(e.CommandArgument.ToString());
if (e.CommandName == "SampleName")
{
//your code

}
}
catch (Exception ex)
{
ErrorLogger.ClientErrorLogger(ex);
}
}

Read Data List online: https://riptutorial.com/asp-net/topic/7041/data-list

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Chapter 11: DayPilot Scheduler
Parameters

Parameter Desc

DataStartField specifies the data source column that contains event start (DateTime)

DataEndField specifies the data source column that contains event end (DateTime)

DataTextField specifies the data soruce column that contains event text (string)

specifies the data source column that contains event id (string or

DataIdField
integer)

specifies the data soruce column that contains event resource foreign
DataResourceField
key (string)

Remarks
This is basics of DayPilot schedular which needs to be further explore.

Examples
Basic Info

DayPilot Scheduler widget displays a time line for multiple resources. Supports AJAX and HTML5.
Automatic and manual localization. Full CSS styling support

Declaration

<%@ Register Assembly="DayPilot" Namespace="DayPilot.Web.Ui" TagPrefix="DayPilot" %>

<DayPilot:DayPilotScheduler
ID="DayPilotScheduler1"
runat="server"

DataStartField="eventstart"
DataEndField="eventend"
DataTextField="name"
DataIdField="id"
DataResourceField="resource_id"

CellGroupBy="Month"
Scale="Day"

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EventMoveHandling="CallBack"
OnEventMove="DayPilotScheduler1_EventMove" >

</DayPilot:DayPilotScheduler>

Read DayPilot Scheduler online: https://riptutorial.com/asp-net/topic/6027/daypilot-scheduler

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Chapter 12: Directives
Examples
The Application Directive

The Application directive defines application-specific attributes. It is provided at the top of the
global.aspx file. The basic syntax of Application directive is:

<%@ Application Language="C#" %>

The attributes of the Application directive are:

Attributes Description

Inherits The name of the class from which to inherit.

Description The text description of the application. Parsers and compilers ignore this.

Language The language used in code blocks.

The Control Directive

The control directive is used with the user controls and appears in the user control (.ascx) files.

The basic syntax of Control directive is:

<%@ Control Language="C#" EnableViewState="false" %>

The attributes of the Control directive are:

Attributes Description

The Boolean value that enables or disables automatic association of

AutoEventWireup
events to handlers.

ClassName The file name for the control.

The Boolean value that enables or disables compiling with debug

Debug
symbols.

Description The text description of the control page, ignored by compiler.

The Boolean value that indicates whether view state is maintained across
EnableViewState
page requests.

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Attributes Description

Explicit For VB language, tells the compiler to use option explicit mode.

Inherits The class from which the control page inherits.

Language The language for code and script.

Src The filename for the code-behind class.

Strict For VB language, tells the compiler to use the option strict mode.

The Implements Directive

The Implement directive indicates that the web page, master page or user control page must
implement the specified .Net framework interface.

The basic syntax for implements directive is:

<%@ Implements Interface="interface_name" %>

The Master Directive

The Master directive specifies a page file as being the mater page.

The basic syntax of sample MasterPage directive is:

<%@ MasterPage Language="C#" AutoEventWireup="true" CodeFile="SiteMater.master.cs"

Inherits="SiteMaster" %>

The Import Directive

The Import directive imports a namespace into a web page, user control page of application. If the
Import directive is specified in the global.asax file, then it is applied to the entire application. If it is
in a page of user control page, then it is applied to that page or control.

The basic syntax for import directive is:

<%@ namespace="System.Drawing" %>

The MasterType Directive

The MasterType directive assigns a class name to the Master property of a page, to make it
strongly typed.

The basic syntax of MasterType directive is:

<%@ MasterType attribute="value"[attribute="value" ...] %>

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The Page Directive

The Page directive defines the attributes specific to the page file for the page parser and the
compiler.

The basic syntax of Page directive is:

<%@ Page Language="C#" AutoEventWireup="true" CodeFile="Default.aspx.cs" Inherits="_Default"

Trace="true" %>

The attributes of the Page directive are:

Attributes Description

The Boolean value that enables or disables page events that are being
AutoEventWireup
automatically bound to methods; for example, Page_Load.

Buffer The Boolean value that enables or disables HTTP response buffering.

ClassName The class name for the page.

ClientTarget The browser for which the server controls should render content.

CodeFile The name of the code behind file.

The Boolean value that enables or disables compilation with debug

Debug
symbols.

Description The text description of the page, ignored by the parser.

EnableSessionState It enables, disables, or makes session state read-only.

The Boolean value that enables or disables view state across page
EnableViewState
requests.

ErrorPage URL for redirection if an unhandled page exception occurs.

Inherits The name of the code behind or other class.

Language The programming language for code.

Src The file name of the code behind class.

Trace It enables or disables tracing.

It indicates how trace messages are displayed, and sorted by time or

TraceMode
category.

Transaction It indicates if transactions are supported.

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Attributes Description

The Boolean value that indicates whether all input data is validated
ValidateRequest
against a hardcoded list of values.

The OutputCache Directive

The OutputCache directive controls the output caching policies of a web page or a user control.

The basic syntax of OutputCache directive is:

<%@ OutputCache Duration="15" VaryByParam="None" %>

Read Directives online: https://riptutorial.com/asp-net/topic/2255/directives

https://riptutorial.com/ 39
Chapter 13: Event Delegation
Syntax
1. public delegate void ActionClick();

public event ActionClick OnResetClick;

Remarks
I haven't found any disadvantages in this approach but there are a few things which make this a
little problematic.

1. You need to add an event handler for each and every event. If you do not add the event
handlers in the OnInit event of the page, you might face some problems that on page post
back, you will lose the event assignment (as ASP.NET is stateless, which is not the case
with Windows controls).
2. In this approach, you need to respect the page life cycle events. Some times when you are
working on the Designer, there might be a case when the event handler gets lost without
your notice.
3. Even if you have not added the event handler, you will not get any errors or warnings. If you
have multiple pages for performing the same action, there is no guarantee that all the
method names will be same; the developer can choose their own method names, which
reduces the maintainability of the code.

Examples
Delegation of Event from User Control to aspx

Normally, we opt this approach if we want complete encapsulation and don't want to make our
methods public.

Ascx

<div style="width: 100%;">

<asp:Button ID="btnAdd" runat="server"
Text="Add" OnClick="btnAdd_Click"></asp:button>
<asp:button id="btnEdit" runat="server"
text="Edit" onclick="btnEdit_Click"> </asp:button>
<asp:button id="btnDelete" runat="server"
text="Delete" onclick="btnDelete_Click"> </asp:Button>
<asp:button id="btnReset" runat="server"
text="Reset" onclick="btnReset_Click"></asp:button>
</div>

Ascx.cs

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public delegate void ActionClick();

public partial class EventDelegation : System.Web.UI.UserControl

{
public event ActionClick OnAddClick;
public event ActionClick OnDeleteClick;
public event ActionClick OnEditClick;
public event ActionClick OnResetClick;
protected void btnAdd_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
if(OnAddClick!= null)
{
OnAddClick();
}
}

protected void btnEdit_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)

{
if (OnEditClick != null)
{
OnEditClick();
}
}

protected void btnDelete_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)

{
if(OnDeleteClick!= null)
{
OnDeleteClick();
}
}

protected void btnReset_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)

{
if(OnResetClick!= null)
{
OnResetClick();
}
}
}

The user control specifies some public events like OnAddClick, OnEditClick,etc., which declare a
delegate. Anyone who wants to use these events needs to add the EventHandler to execute when
the corresponding button click event occurs.

Aspx Design

<%@ Register src="Controls/EventDelegation.ascx"

tagname="EventDelegation" tagprefix="uc1" %>

<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN"

"http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">

<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" >

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<div>
<uc1:Direct ID="Direct1" runat="server" />
</div>
</form>
</body>
</html>

Aspx.cs

public partial class EventDelegation : System.Web.UI.Page

{
protected override void OnInit(EventArgs e)
{
base.OnInit(e);
ActionControl.OnAddClick += ActionControl_OnAddClick;
ActionControl.OnDeleteClick += ActionControl_OnDeleteClick;
ActionControl.OnEditClick += ActionControl_OnEditClick;
ActionControl.OnResetClick += ActionControl_OnResetClick;
}

private void ActionControl_OnResetClick()

{
Response.Write("Reset done.");
}

private void ActionControl_OnEditClick()

{
Response.Write("Updated.");
}

private void ActionControl_OnDeleteClick()

{
Response.Write("Deleted.");
}

private void ActionControl_OnAddClick()

{
Response.Write("Added.");
}
}

Read Event Delegation online: https://riptutorial.com/asp-net/topic/6927/event-delegation

https://riptutorial.com/ 42
Chapter 14: Event Handling
Syntax
• private void EventName (object sender, EventArgs e);

Parameters

Parameter Details

object sender refers to the object that invoked the event that fired the event handler.
sender This is useful if you have many objects using the same event handler.

EventArgs is something of a dummy base class. In and of itself it's more or less
EventArgs
useless, but if you derive from it, you can add whatever data you need to pass
e
to your event handlers.

Examples
Application and Session Events

The most important application events are:

Application_Start - It is raised when the application/website is started.

Application_End - It is raised when the application/website is stopped.

Similarly, the most used Session events are:

Session_Start - It is raised when a user first requests a page from the application.

Session_End - It is raised when the session ends.

Page and Control Events

Common page and control events are:

DataBinding - It is raised when a control binds to a data source.

Disposed - It is raised when the page or the control is released.

Error - It is a page event, occurs when an unhandled exception is thrown.

Init - It is raised when the page or the control is initialized.

Load - It is raised when the page or a control is loaded.

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PreRender - It is raised when the page or the control is to be rendered.

Unload - It is raised when the page or control is unloaded from memory.

Default Events

The default event for the Page object is Load event. Similarly, every control has a default event.
For example, default event for the button control is the Click event.

The default event handler could be created in Visual Studio, just by double clicking the control in
design view. The following table shows some of the default events for common controls:

Control Default Event

AdRotator AdCreated

BulletedList Click

Button Click

Calender SelectionChanged

CheckBox CheckedChanged

CheckBoxList SelectedIndexChanged

DataGrid SelectedIndexChanged

DataList SelectedIndexChanged

DropDownList SelectedIndexChanged

HyperLink Click

ImageButton Click

ImageMap Click

LinkButton Click

ListBox SelectedIndexChanged

Menu MenuItem Click

RadioButton CheckedChanged

RadioButtonList SelectedIndexChanged

Example This example includes a simple page with a label control and a button control on it. As
the page events such as Page_Load, Page_Init, Page_PreRender etc. take place, it sends a

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message, which is displayed by the label control. When the button is clicked, the Button_Click
event is raised and that also sends a message to be displayed on the label.

Create a new website and drag a label control and a button control on it from the control tool box.
Using the properties window, set the IDs of the controls as .lblmessage. and .btnclick.
respectively. Set the Text property of the Button control as 'Click'.

The markup file (.aspx):

<%@ Page Language="C#" AutoEventWireup="true" CodeBehind="Default.aspx.cs"

Inherits="eventdemo._Default" %>

<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN"

"http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">

<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" >

<head runat="server">
<title>Untitled Page</title>
</head>

</asp:Label>

<asp:Button ID="btnclick" runat="server" Text="Click" onclick="btnclick_Click" />

</div>
</form>
</body>

</html>

Double click on the design view to move to the code behind file. The Page_Load event is
automatically created without any code in it. Write down the following self-explanatory code lines:

using System;
using System.Collections;
using System.Configuration;
using System.Data;
using System.Linq;

using System.Web;
using System.Web.Security;
using System.Web.UI;
using System.Web.UI.HtmlControls;
using System.Web.UI.WebControls;
using System.Web.UI.WebControls.WebParts;

using System.Xml.Linq;

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namespace eventdemo {

public partial class _Default : System.Web.UI.Page {

protected void Page_Load(object sender, EventArgs e) {

lblmessage.Text += "Page load event handled. <br />";

if (Page.IsPostBack) {
lblmessage.Text += "Page post back event handled.<br/>";
}
}

protected void Page_Init(object sender, EventArgs e) {

lblmessage.Text += "Page initialization event handled.<br/>";
}

protected void Page_PreRender(object sender, EventArgs e) {

lblmessage.Text += "Page prerender event handled. <br/>";
}

protected void btnclick_Click(object sender, EventArgs e) {

lblmessage.Text += "Button click event handled. <br/>";
}
}
}

Execute the page. The label shows page load, page initialization and, the page pre-render events.
Click the button to see effect:

Read Event Handling online: https://riptutorial.com/asp-net/topic/2347/event-handling

https://riptutorial.com/ 46
Chapter 15: Expressions
Examples
Value From App.Config

<asp:Literal runat="server" text="<%$ AppSettings:MyAppSettingName %>"/>

Evaluated Expression

Code Block Within ASP Markup

Read Expressions online: https://riptutorial.com/asp-net/topic/6326/expressions

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Chapter 16: Find Control by ID
Syntax
1. control.FindControl("Id Of The Control To Be Found")

Remarks
• FindControl is not recursive, it only searches through immediate children of the control
• There is an overload FindControl(String, int) which is not indented for public usage
• If nothing is found, FindControl returns null, so this is often a good idea to verify result for
being not null

Examples
Accessing the TextBox Control in aspx Page

TextBox txt = (TextBox)FindControl(yourtxt_Id);

Find a control in a GridView, Repeater, ListView etc.

If the Control has rows.

TextBox tb = GridView1.Rows[i].FindControl("TextBox1") as TextBox;

Or if it has items.

TextBox tb = Repeater1.Items[i].FindControl("TextBox1") as TextBox;

Read Find Control by ID online: https://riptutorial.com/asp-net/topic/6894/find-control-by-id

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Chapter 17: GridView
Examples
Data Binding

There are two ways you can bind a GridView. You can either manually do it by setting the
DataSource property and calling DataBind(), or you can use a DataSourceControl such as a
SqlDataSource.

Manual Binding
Create your GridView:

<asp:GridView ID="gvColors" runat="server"></asp:GridView>

First create or retrieve the source data for the GridView. Next, assign the data to the GridView's
DataSource property. Finally, call DataBind().

List<string> colors = new List<string>();

colors.Add("Red");
colors.Add("Green");
colors.Add("Blue");

gvColors.DataSource = colors;
gvColors.DataBind();

DataSourceControl
Create your DataSourceControl:

<asp:SqlDataSource ID="sdsColors"
runat="server"
ConnectionString="<%$ MyConnectionString %>"
SelectCommand="SELECT Color_Name FROM Colors">
</asp:SqlDataSource>

Create your GridView and set the DataSourceID property:

<asp:GridView ID="gvColors"
runat="server"
DataSourceID="sdsColors">
</asp:GridView>

Columns

There are seven different column types that can be used within a GridView.

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<asp:GridView ID="GridView1" runat="server">
<Columns>
...
</Columns>
</asp:GridView>

BoundField:

<asp:BoundField DataField="EmployeeID" HeaderText="Employee ID" />

ButtonField:

<asp:ButtonField ButtonType="Button" HeaderText="Select Employee" Text="Select"/>

CheckBoxField:

<asp:CheckBoxField DataField="IsActive" HeaderText="Is Active" />

CommandField:

<asp:CommandField ShowDeleteButton="true"
ShowEditButton="true"
ShowInsertButton="true"
ShowSelectButton="true" />

HyperLinkField:

<asp:HyperLinkField HeaderText="Employee Profile"

DataNavigateUrlFields="EmployeeID"
DataNavigateUrlFormatString="EmployeeProfile.aspx?EmployeeID={0}" />

ImageField:

<asp:ImageField HeaderText="Photo"
DataImageUrlField="EmployeeID"
DataImageUrlFormatString="/images/{0}" />

TemplateField:

<asp:TemplateField>
<HeaderTemplate>
Name
</HeaderTemplate>
<ItemTemplate>
<asp:Label ID="lblEmployeeName"
runat="server"
Text='<&# Eval("EmployeeName") %>'></asp:Label>
</ItemTemplate>
</asp:TemplateField>

Strongly Typed GridView

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Starting with Asp.net 4.5 web controls can take advantage from strongly-typed binding to get
IntelliSense support and compiletime errors.

Create a class, which holds your model:

public class Album

{
public int Id { get; set; }
public string Name { get; set; }
public string Artist { get; set; }
}

Define the GridView control on your page:

<asp:GridView ID="Grid" runat="server" AutoGenerateColumns="false"

ItemType="YourNamespace.Album">
<Columns>
<asp:TemplateField HeaderText="Id">
<ItemTemplate>
<asp:Label ID="lblName" runat="server" Text="<%# Item.Id %>"></asp:Label>
</ItemTemplate>
</asp:TemplateField>
<asp:TemplateField HeaderText="Name">
<ItemTemplate>
<asp:Label ID="lblName" runat="server" Text="<%# Item.Name %>"></asp:Label>
</ItemTemplate>
</asp:TemplateField>
<asp:TemplateField HeaderText="Artist">
<ItemTemplate>
<asp:Label ID="lblCity" runat="server" Text="<%# Item.Artist %>"></asp:Label>
</ItemTemplate>
</asp:TemplateField>
</Columns>
</asp:GridView>

Load the data and bind it:

var albumList = new List<Album>

{
new Album {Id = 1, Artist = "Icing (a Cake cover band)", Name = "Toppings Vol. 1"},
new Album {Id = 2, Artist = "Fleetwood PC", Name = "Best of Windows"},
new Album {Id = 3, Artist = "this.Bandnames", Name = "TH_ (Pronounced \"Thunderscore\")"},
};

Grid.DataSource = albumList;
Grid.DataBind();

Handling command event

GridViews allow commands to be sent from a GridView row. This is useful for passing row-specific
information into an event handler as command arguments.

To subscribe to a command event:

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<asp:GridView ID="GridView1" ... OnRowCommand="GridView1_RowCommand">

Buttons are the most common way to raise commands. They also support a way to specify
command arguments. In this example, the argument is an ID of the item that the row represents.

Alternatively, one can use a CommandField column template that provides the most common
command controls.

Handling of the event in code behind:

protected void GridView1_RowCommand(object source, GridViewCommandEventArgs e)

{
if (e.CommandName == "SampleCmd")
{
var id = e.CommandArgument;
}
}

Note that the CommandName used in this example is arbitrary and is a choice of the developer. There
is, however, a set of predefined names that the GridView itself recognizes. Corresponding events
are raised when these commands are fired.

Command Name Events Raised

Cancel RowCancelingEdit

Delete RowDeleting, RowDeleted

Edit RowEditing

Page PageIndexChanging, PageIndexChanged

Select SelectedIndexChanging, SelectedIndexChanged

Sort Sorting, Sorted

Update RowUpdating, RowUpdated

Paging

ObjectDataSource

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If using an ObjectDataSource, almost everything is handled for you already, just simply tell the
GridView to AllowPaging and give it a PageSize.

<asp:GridView ID="gvColors"
runat="server"
DataSourceID="sdsColors"
AllowPaging="True"
PageSize="5">
</asp:GridView>

<asp:SqlDataSource ID="sdsColors"
runat="server"
ConnectionString="<%$ MyConnectionString %>"
SelectCommand="SELECT Color_ID, Color_Name FROM Colors">
</asp:SqlDataSource>

Manual Binding
If binding manually, you must handle the PageIndexChanging event. Simply set the DataSource and
PageIndex and re-bind the GridView.

<asp:GridView ID="gvColors"
runat="server"
AllowPaging="True"
PageSize="5"
OnPageIndexChanging="gvColors_PageIndexChanging">
</asp:GridView>

protected void gvColors_PageIndexChanging(object sender, GridViewPageEventArgs e)

{
gvColors.DataSource = // Method to retrieve DataSource
gvColors.PageIndex = e.NewPageIndex;
gvColors.DataBind();
}

VB.NET

Protected Sub gvColors_PageIndexChanging(sender As Object, e As GridViewPageEventArgs)

{
gvColors.DataSource = // Method to retrieve DataSource
gvColors.PageIndex = e.NewPageIndex
gvColors.DataBind()

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}

Update Gridview on row click

Gridviews are more useful if we can update the view as per our need. Consider a view with a
lock/unlock feature in each row. It can be done like:

Add an update panel:

<asp:UpdatePanel ID="UpdatePanel2" runat="server" UpdateMode="Conditional"> </asp:UpdatePanel>

Add a ContentTemplate and Trigger inside your UpdatePanel:

<asp:UpdatePanel ID="UpdatePanel2" runat="server" UpdateMode="Conditional">

Add your GridView inside ContentTemplate:

</ItemTemplate>
</asp:TemplateField>
</Columns>

</ContentTemplate>

Here we are giving our GridView1 one constant column, for lock button. Mind it, databind has not
taken place till now.

Time for DataBind: (on PageLoad)

using (SqlConnection con= new SqlConnection(connectionString))

{
SqlCommand sqlCommand = new SqlCommand(" ... ", con);
SqlDataReader reader = sqlCommand.ExecuteReader();
GridView1.DataSource = reader;
GridView1.DataBind();
}

Lock/Unlock image will be different as per the value of a certain column in your GridView.

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Consider a case where your table contains an attribute/column titled "Lock Status". Now you wish
to (1) hide that column just after DataBind and just before page rendering and (2) Assign different
images to each row on basis of that hidden column value i.e. if Lock Status for a row is 0, assign it
"lock.jpg", if status is 1 assign it "unlock.jpg". To do this, we'll use OnRowDataBound option of
GridView, it mingles with your GridView, just before rendering each row to the HTML page.

<ContentTemplate>
<asp:GridView ID="GridView1" runat="server" OnRowDataBound="GridView1_RowDataBound"> ...

In cs file

protected void GridView1_RowDataBound(object sender, GridViewRowEventArgs e)

{

if (e.Row.RowType == DataControlRowType.DataRow)
{
e.Row.Cells[8].Visible = false; //hiding the desired column which is column number
8 in this case
GridView1.HeaderRow.Cells[8].Visible = false; //hiding its header
ImageButton imgDownload = (ImageButton)e.Row.FindControl("imgDownload");
string lstate = ((CheckBox)e.Row.Cells[8].Controls[0]).Checked.ToString();
if (lstate == "True")
{ imgDownload.ImageUrl = "images/lock.png"; }
else
{
imgDownload.ImageUrl = "images/unlock.png";
}
}
}

Now the GridView will be rendered as we want, now let us implement button click events on that
Lock/Unlock image button. Understand, that to perform a specific operation on a specific row, a
command has to be given to that row and GridView provides us with the same functionality named
OnRowCommand.

It'll create a function in cs file which takes an object sender and GridViewCommandEventArgs e With
e.CommandArgument we can get the index of the row which gave the command Point to be noted here
is that, a row can have multiple buttons and the cs code needs to know which button from that row
gave the command. So we'll use CommandName

<asp:ImageButton ID="imgDownload" runat="server" OnClientClick="return confirm('Are you sure

want to Lock/Unlock ?');"
CommandName="togglelock"
CommandArgument='<%#Container.DataItemIndex%>'/>

Now in the backend one can distinguish commands from different rows and different buttons.

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protected void GridView1_RowCommand(object sender, GridViewCommandEventArgs e)
{
if (e.CommandName == "togglelock")
{
using (SqlConnection con= new SqlConnection(connectionString))
{
int index = Convert.ToInt32(e.CommandArgument);
SqlCommand sqlCommand = new SqlCommand(" ... ", con);
SqlDataReader reader = sqlCommand.ExecuteReader();
GridView1.DataSource = reader;
GridView1.DataBind();
}
}
}

Add <asp:PostBackTrigger ControlID="GridView1"/> to the Trigger and it will update the GridView
once the DataBind is done.

Use HorizontalAlign="Center" to place the GridView at the center of the page.

Read GridView online: https://riptutorial.com/asp-net/topic/1680/gridview

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Chapter 18: httpHandlers
Examples
Using an httpHandler (.ashx) to download a file from a specific location

Create a new httpHandler inside your ASP.NET project. Apply the following code (VB) to the
handler file:

Public Class AttachmentDownload

Implements System.Web.IHttpHandler

Sub ProcessRequest(ByVal context As HttpContext) Implements IHttpHandler.ProcessRequest

' pass an ID through the query string to append a unique identifer to your
downloadable fileName

Dim fileUniqueId As Integer = CInt(context.Request.QueryString("id"))

' file path could also be something like "C:\FolderName\FilesForUserToDownload

Dim filePath As String = "\\ServerName\FolderName\FilesForUserToDownload"

Dim fileName As String = "UserWillDownloadThisFile_" & fileUniqueId
Dim fullFilePath = filePath & "\" & fileName
Dim byteArray() As Byte = File.ReadAllBytes(fullFilePath)

' promt the user to download the file

context.Response.Clear()
context.Response.ContentType = "application/x-please-download-me" ' "application/x-
unknown"
context.Response.AppendHeader("Content-Disposition", "attachment; filename=" &
fileName)
context.Response.BinaryWrite(byteArray)
context.Response.Flush()
context.Response.Close()
byteArray = Nothing

End Sub

ReadOnly Property IsReusable() As Boolean Implements IHttpHandler.IsReusable

Get
Return False
End Get
End Property

End Class

You can call the handler from code behind, or from a client side language. In this example I am
using a javascript which will call the handler.

function openAttachmentDownloadHandler(fileId) {

// the location of your handler, and query strings to be passed to it

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var url = "..\\_Handlers\\AttachmentDownload.ashx?";
url = url + "id=" + fileId;

// opening the handler will run its code, and it will close automatically
// when it is finished.

window.open(url);

Now attach that assign the javascript function to a button click event on a clickable element in your
web form. For example:

<asp:LinkButton ID="lbtnDownloadFile" runat="server"

OnClientClick="openAttachmentDownloadHandler(20);">Download A File</asp:LinkButton>

Or you can call the javascript function from the code behind as well:

ScriptManager.RegisterStartupScript(Page,
Page.GetType(),
"openAttachmentDownloadHandler",
"openAttachmentDownloadHandler(" & fileId & ");",
True)

Now when you click your button the httpHandler will get your file to the browser and ask the user if
they would like to download it.

Read httpHandlers online: https://riptutorial.com/asp-net/topic/3476/httphandlers

https://riptutorial.com/ 58
Chapter 19: Katana
Introduction
What Is Katana? Katana is a set of open source components for building and hosting OWIN-
based web applications, maintained by the Microsoft Open Technologies Group.Katana provides
an implementation of the OWIN specification, and is in fact used in an increasing number of
ASP.NET project templates. Additionally, Katana provides a wide variety of ready-to-use
middleware components, ready for use in an OWIN-based application.

Examples
Example

Basic KatanaConsole Application

namespace KatanaConsole
{
// use an alias for the OWIN AppFunc:
using AppFunc = Func<IDictionary<string, object>, Task>;

class Program
{
static void Main(string[] args)
{
WebApp.Start<Startup>("http://localhost:8080");
Console.WriteLine("Server Started; Press enter to Quit");
Console.ReadLine();
}
}

public class Startup

{
public void Configuration(IAppBuilder app)
{
var middleware = new Func<AppFunc, AppFunc>(MyMiddleWare);
app.Use(middleware);
}

public AppFunc MyMiddleWare(AppFunc next)

{
AppFunc appFunc = async (IDictionary<string, object> environment) =>
{
// Do something with the incoming request:
var response = environment["owin.ResponseBody"] as Stream;
using (var writer = new StreamWriter(response))
{
await writer.WriteAsync("<h1>Hello from My First Middleware</h1>");
}
// Call the next Middleware in the chain:
await next.Invoke(environment);
};
return appFunc;

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}
}
}

Read Katana online: https://riptutorial.com/asp-net/topic/8236/katana

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Chapter 20: Middleware
Parameters

Parameter Details

This is the only collection in which OWIN communicates

IDictionary<string,object> information during a call. All keys can be found at
environment https://docs.asp.net/en/latest/fundamentals/owin.html#owin-
keys

Remarks
The AppFunc type is just an alias for Func<IDictionary<string, object>, Task> type to shorten
method signatures, much like typedef in C++.

Examples
Output the request path and the time it took to process it

//define a short alias to avoid chubby method signatures

using AppFunc = Func<IDictionary<string, object>, Task>;

class RequestTimeMiddleware
{
private AppFunc _next;

public RequestTimeMiddleware(AppFunc next)

{
_next = next;
}

public async Task Invoke(IDictionary<string, object> environment)

{
IOwinContext context = new OwinContext(environment);

var path = context.Request.Path;

var sw = Stopwatch.StartNew();
//Queue up the next middleware in the pipeline
await _next(environment);
//When the request comes back, log the elapsed time
Console.WriteLine($"Request for {path} processed in {sw.ElapsedMilliseconds}ms");
}
}

public static class RequestTimeMiddlewareExtensions

{
//Extension method as syntactic sugar, to get a meaningful way
//in adding the middleware to the pipeline
public static void UseRequestTimeMiddleware(this IAppBuilder app)

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{
app.Use<RequestTimeMiddleware>();
}
}

public class Startup

{
public void Configuration(IAppBuilder app)
{
//add the Middleware as early as possible
app.UseRequestTimeMiddleware();
//Queue up every other module
app.Use(async (environment, next) =>
{
await environment.Response.WriteAsync("Hello from the console world");
await next();
});
}
}

Read Middleware online: https://riptutorial.com/asp-net/topic/6607/middleware

https://riptutorial.com/ 62
Chapter 21: Page Life Cycle
Examples
Life Cycle Events

Following are the page life cycle events:

PreInit - PreInit is the first event in page life cycle. It checks the IsPostBack property and
determines whether the page is a postback. It sets the themes and master pages, creates
dynamic controls, and gets and sets profile property values. This event can be handled by
overriding the OnPreInit method or creating a Page_PreInit handler.

Init - Init event initializes the control property and the control tree is built. This event can be
handled by overriding the OnInit method or creating a Page_Init handler.

InitComplete - InitComplete event allows tracking of view state. All the controls turn on view-state
tracking.

LoadViewState - LoadViewState event allows loading view state information into the controls.

LoadPostData - During this phase, the contents of all the input fields are defined with the tag are
processed.

PreLoad - PreLoad occurs before the post back data is loaded in the controls. This event can be
handled by overriding the OnPreLoad method or creating a Page_PreLoad handler.

Load - The Load event is raised for the page first and then recursively for all child controls. The
controls in the control tree are created. This event can be handled by overriding the OnLoad
method or creating a Page_Load handler.

LoadComplete - The loading process is completed, control event handlers are run, and page
validation takes place. This event can be handled by overriding the OnLoadComplete method or
creating a Page_LoadComplete handler

PreRender - The PreRender event occurs just before the output is rendered. By handling this
event, pages and controls can perform any updates before the output is rendered.

PreRenderComplete - As the PreRender event is recursively fired for all child controls, this event
ensures the completion of the pre-rendering phase.

SaveStateComplete - State of control on the page is saved. Personalization, control state and
view state information is saved. The HTML markup is generated. This stage can be handled by
overriding the Render method or creating a Page_Render handler.

UnLoad - The UnLoad phase is the last phase of the page life cycle. It raises the UnLoad event
for all controls recursively and lastly for the page itself. Final cleanup is done and all resources and

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references, such as database connections, are freed. This event can be handled by overriding the
OnUnLoad method or creating a Page_UnLoad handler.

Code Example

using System;

namespace myProject
{
public partial class WebForm1 : System.Web.UI.Page
{
public string PageSteps = string.Empty;

//Raised after the start stage is complete and before the initialization stage begins.
protected void Page_PreInit(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
PageSteps += "1 - Page_PreInit<br>";

//Access to page Controls not available in this step

//Label1.Text = "Step 1";
}

//Raised after all controls have been initialized and any skin settings have been
applied.
//The Init event of individual controls occurs before the Init event of the page.
protected void Page_Init(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
PageSteps += "2 - Page_Init<br>";

Label1.Text = "Step 2";

}

//Raised at the end of the page's initialization stage.

//Only one operation takes place between the Init and InitComplete events: tracking of
view state changes is turned on.
//View state tracking enables controls to persist any values that are programmatically
added to the ViewState collection.
//Until view state tracking is turned on, any values added to view state are lost
across postbacks.
//Controls typically turn on view state tracking immediately after they raise their
Init event.
protected void Page_InitComplete(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
PageSteps += "3 - Page_InitComplete<br>";

Label1.Text = "Step 3";

}

//Raised after the page loads view state for itself and all controls, and after it
processes postback data that is included with the Request instance.
protected override void OnPreLoad(EventArgs e)
{
PageSteps += "4 - OnPreLoad<br>";

Label1.Text = "Step 4";

}

//The Page object calls the OnLoad method on the Page object, and then recursively
does the same for each child control until the page and all controls are loaded.

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//The Load event of individual controls occurs after the Load event of the page.
protected void Page_Load(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
PageSteps += "5 - Page_Load<br>";

Label1.Text = "Step 5";

}

//Use these events to handle specific control events, such as a Button control's Click
event or a TextBox control's TextChanged event.
protected void btnSubmit_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
//Step only visible on PostBack
PageSteps += "6 - btnSubmit_Click<br>";

Label1.Text = "Step 6";

}

//Raised at the end of the event-handling stage.

protected void Page_LoadComplete(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
PageSteps += "7 - Page_LoadComplete<br>";

Label1.Text = "Step 7";

}

//Raised after the Page object has created all controls that are required in order to
render the page, including child controls of composite controls.
//(To do this, the Page object calls EnsureChildControls for each control and for the
page.)
protected override void OnPreRender(EventArgs e)
{
PageSteps += "8 - OnPreRender<br>";

Label1.Text = "Step 8";

}

//Raised after each data bound control whose DataSourceID property is set calls its
DataBind method.
protected override void OnPreRenderComplete(EventArgs e)
{
PageSteps += "9 - OnPreRenderComplete<br>";

Label1.Text = "Step 9";

}

//Raised after view state and control state have been saved for the page and for all
controls.
//Any changes to the page or controls at this point affect rendering, but the changes
will not be retrieved on the next postback.
protected override void OnSaveStateComplete(EventArgs e)
{
PageSteps += "10 - OnSaveStateComplete<br><hr><br>";

Label1.Text = "Step 10";

}

// Render
//This is not an event; instead, at this stage of processing, the Page object calls
this method on each control.

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//All ASP.NET Web server controls have a Render method that writes out the control's
markup to send to the browser.

//Raised for each control and then for the page.

//Controls use this event to do final cleanup for specific controls, such as closing
control-specific database connections
protected void Page_UnLoad(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
//This last PageSteps addition will not be visible on the page
PageSteps += "11 - Page_UnLoad<br>";

//Access to page Controls not available in this step

//Label1.Text = "Step 11";
}
}
}

Add the following code to the .aspx page to visualize the Steps in the Life Cycle.

<b>Page Life Cycle Visualization:</b>

More information

• https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms178472.aspx
• https://www.tutorialspoint.com/asp.net/asp.net_life_cycle.htm
• http://www.c-sharpcorner.com/UploadFile/8911c4/page-life-cycle-with-examples-in-Asp-Net/
• https://www.codeproject.com/Articles/667308/ASP-NET-Page-Life-Cycle-Events

https://riptutorial.com/ 66
Read Page Life Cycle online: https://riptutorial.com/asp-net/topic/4948/page-life-cycle

https://riptutorial.com/ 67
Chapter 22: Page Methods
Parameters

Parameter Detail

The parameter of the C# method. You supply the argument via the Page
limit
Method.

The JavaScript function that is executed when the Page Method call is
onSuccess
successful.

The JavaScript function that is executed when there is an error in the Page
onError
Method call.

Remarks

More than one parameter

In the example the C# function just request one parameter, if you need to pass more than one you
can do it, just put them in order in your JS call and you are good to go. Ej.

//C#
public static int SumValues(int num1, int num2, int num3, ..., int numN)

//JS
PageMethods.SumValues(num1, num2, num3, ..., numN, onSuccess, onError);

Return value
In the onSuccess function the result is going to be the C# function's return value. In the onError
function the result is going to be the error.

Examples
How to call it

Just add the using at the beginning and the [WebMethod] decorator to the static method to be called
in the aspx page:

using System.Web.Services;

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public partial class MyPage : System.Web.UI.Page
{
[WebMethod]
public static int GetRandomNumberLessThan(int limit)
{
var r = new Random();
return r.Next(limit);
}
}

In your .aspx file add a asp:ScriptManager enabling Page Methods:

<asp:ScriptManager ID="ScriptManager1" runat="server" EnablePageMethods="true">

</asp:ScriptManager>

Then you can call it from JS like this:

var limit= 42 // your parameter value

PageMethods.GetRandomNumberLessThan(limit, onSuccess, onError);
function onSuccess(result) {
var randomNumber = result;
// use randomNumber...
}
function onError(result) {
alert('Error: ' + result);
}

Read Page Methods online: https://riptutorial.com/asp-net/topic/1411/page-methods

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Chapter 23: Repeater
Examples
Basic usage

This example creates a simple 1-column repeater that displays a list of numbers, one per repeater
item.

Markup:

<asp:Repeater ID="Repeater1" runat="server">

Code behind:

protected void Page_Load(object sender, EventArgs e)

{
List<int> numbers = new List<int>{1, 2, 3, 4, 5};
Repeater1.DataSource = numbers;
Repeater1.DataBind();
}

Read Repeater online: https://riptutorial.com/asp-net/topic/2635/repeater

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Chapter 24: ScriptManager
Introduction
ScriptManager control registers the script for the Microsoft AJAX Library with the page. This
enables client script support features such as partial-page rendering and Web-service calls.

Syntax
1. <asp:ScriptManager ID="smPop" runat="server"></asp:ScriptManager>
2. ScriptManager.RegisterStartupScript(Control,Type,String,String,Boolean);

Examples
Working with ScriptManager

You must use a ScriptManager control on a page to enable the following features of ASP.NET
AJAX:

1. Client-script functionality of the Microsoft AJAX Library, and any custom script that you want to
send to the browser.

protected void Button1_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)

{
Page.ClientScript.RegisterStartupScript(
this.GetType(),"myscript","alert('hello world!');");
}

2. Partial-page rendering, which enables regions on the page to be independently refreshed

without a postback. The ASP.NET AJAX UpdatePanel, UpdateProgress, and Timer controls
require a ScriptManager control to support partial-page rendering.

3. JavaScript proxy classes for Web services, which enable you to use client script to access Web
services by exposing Web services as strongly typed objects.

[WebMethod]
public int Add(int a, int b) { return a + b; }

function CallAdd()
{
// method will return immediately
// processing done asynchronously
WebService.Add(0,6, OnMethodSucceeded, OnMethodFailed);
}

4. JavaScript classes to access ASP.NET authentication and profile application services.

https://riptutorial.com/ 71
Sys.Services.AuthenticationService.login
Sys.Services.AuthenticationService.logout

See more at https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/system.web.ui.scriptmanager.aspx

Read ScriptManager online: https://riptutorial.com/asp-net/topic/10077/scriptmanager

https://riptutorial.com/ 72
Chapter 25: Session Managment
Examples
Advantage and Disadvantage of Session State, types of session

The advantages of using Session State are

1)Better security
2)Reduced bandwidth

The disadvantages of using Session state are

1)More resource consumption of server.

2)Extra code/care if a Web farm is used(we will discuss this shortly)

Session State Modes

1) InProc mode, which stores session state in memory on the Web server. This is the
default.

2) StateServer mode, which stores session state in a separate process called the ASP.NET
state service. This ensures that session state is preserved if the Web application is
restarted and also makes session state available to multiple Web servers in a Web farm.

3) SQLServer mode stores session state in a SQL Server database. This ensures that session
state is preserved if the Web application is restarted and also makes session state available
to multiple Web servers in a Web farm.

4) Custom mode, which enables you to specify a custom storage provider.

Off mode, which disables session state.

Read Session Managment online: https://riptutorial.com/asp-net/topic/4180/session-managment

https://riptutorial.com/ 73
Chapter 26: Session State
Syntax
• Session["Session_Key"] = Obj_Value;

Remarks
HTTP is stateless. ASP.NET session state is a framework that facilitates maintaining state
between HTTP page requests.

Session differs from the class level variables in its ability to remain available across post-backs
and different pages. For instance, a session variable created in Page1.aspx will be available if the
user is redirected to Page2.aspx afterwards, within the same application.

Also, in contrast to static variables declared at the page level, the session variables are
independent for different users. Meaning, changing the value of one user's session variable will
not affect the value of the same variable for other users.

While ViewState can be used to store user's data temporarily, it doesn't allow saving data across
multiple pages. In addition, the viewstate is part of the page and is sent to the client. As a result,
any critical information related to the user cannot be saved in the ViewState, and that's where
Session variables become useful.

Examples
Using the Session object to store values

The System.Web.SessionState.HttpSessionState object provides a way to persist values between

HTTP requests. In the example below, a user's preference for warnings is being saved in the
session. Later on, while serving another request to the user, the application can read this
preference from session and hide the warnings.

public partial class Default : System.Web.UI.Page

{
public void LoadPreferences(object sender, EventArgs args)
{
// ...
// ... A DB operation that loads the user's preferences.
// ...

// Store a value with the key showWarnings

HttpContext.Current.Session["showWarnings"] = false;
}

public void button2Clicked(object sender, EventArgs args)

{
// While processing another request, access this value.

https://riptutorial.com/ 74
bool showWarnings = (bool)HttpContext.Current.Session["showWarnings"];
lblWarnings.Visible = false;
}
}

Note that the session variables are not common for all users (just like cookies), and they are
persisted across multiple post-backs.

The session works by setting a cookie that contains an identifier for the users session. By default
this identifier is stored in the web-server memory, along with the values stored against it.

Here is a screenshot of the cookie set in the user's browser to keep track of the session:

Using a SQL Session Store

If you find that you have multiple servers that need to share session state, storing it in the
ASP.NET process memory will not work. For example you may deploy into a web-farm
environment with a load balancer that distributes requests in a round-robin fashion. In this
environment a single user's requests could be served by multiple servers.

In the web.config file you can configure a SQL server session store.

To create the sql schema use the aspnet_regsql tool. [SampleSqlServerName] is the hostname of
the SQL server. -ssadd tells the tool to create the session state database. -sstype p tells the tool to
create a new database with the default name ASPState.

aspnet_regsql.exe -S [SampleSqlServerName] -U [Username] -P [Password] -ssadd -sstype p

Using an Amazon DynamoDB Session Store

If you don't want to use SQL server you can use Amazon's hosted Dynamo DB nosql database as
a session store.

You'll need the AWS SDK. To install this from the Visual Studio nuget package manager console
use the following command

https://riptutorial.com/ 75
Install-Package AWSSDK

You can then configure your sessionState provider to use a custom provider. You must specify the
region and credentials, either a profile or an IAM access and secret key combination. By default
this will create a table named ASP.NET_SessionState.

Read Session State online: https://riptutorial.com/asp-net/topic/3864/session-state

https://riptutorial.com/ 76
Chapter 27: UpdatePanel
Introduction
This topic describes how to add partial-page update support to a Web page by using two Microsoft
Ajax server controls: the ScriptManager control and the UpdatePanel control. These controls
remove the requirement to refresh the whole page with each postback, which improves the user
experience.

Syntax
• <asp:UpdatePanel ID="UpdatePanel1" runat="server">
</asp:UpdatePanel>

Remarks
A ScriptManager must be added to page to make the UpdatePanel to work.

Examples
Update Panel Example

Step 1: Add ScriptManager to your page

<asp:ScriptManager ID="ScriptManager1" runat="server">

</asp:ScriptManager>

Step 2: Add UpdatePanel to your page just after ScriptManager.

<asp:UpdatePanel ID="UpdatePanel1" runat="server">

Step 3: After adding content to your UpdatePanels Content Template your aspx page should look
something like this:

<%@ Page Language="C#" %>

<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN"

"http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">

<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" >

<head runat="server">
<title>Untitled Page</title>
<style type="text/css">
#UpdatePanel1 {
width:300px; height:100px;

https://riptutorial.com/ 77
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<form id="form1" runat="server">
<div style="padding-top: 10px">
<asp:ScriptManager ID="ScriptManager1" runat="server">
</asp:ScriptManager>
<asp:UpdatePanel ID="UpdatePanel1" runat="server">
<ContentTemplate>
<fieldset>
<legend>UpdatePanel</legend>
<asp:Label ID="Label1" runat="server" Text="Panel created."></asp:Label><br />
<asp:Button ID="Button1" runat="server" OnClick="Button1_Click" Text="Button"
/>
</fieldset>
</ContentTemplate>
</asp:UpdatePanel>
<br />
</div>

</div>
</form>
</body>
</html>

Step 4: Add this part to your C# page:

protected void Button1_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)

{
Label1.Text = "Refreshed at " +
DateTime.Now.ToString();
}

Step 5: Now run your application.

Expected Result:

The panel content changes every time that you click the button, but the whole page is not
refreshed. By default, the ChildrenAsTriggers property of an UpdatePanel control is true. When
this property is set to true, controls inside the panel participate in partial-page updates when any
control in the panel causes a postback.

Read UpdatePanel online: https://riptutorial.com/asp-net/topic/10075/updatepanel

https://riptutorial.com/ 78
Chapter 28: View State
Introduction
View State is the method to preserve the Value of the Page and Controls between round trips. It is
a Page-Level State Management technique. View State is turned on by default and normally
serializes the data in every control on the page regardless of whether it is actually used during a
post-back.

Syntax
• ViewState["NameofViewstate"] = "Value";

Examples
Example

ASPX

<%@ Page Language="C#" AutoEventWireup="true" CodeFile="Default.aspx.cs" Inherits="_Default"

%>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN"
"http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" >
<head runat="server">
<title>ViewState</title>
</head>
<body>
<form id="form1" runat="server">
<asp:TextBox runat="server" id="NameField" />
<asp:Button runat="server" id="SubmitForm" onclick="SubmitForm_Click" text="Submit
& set name" />
<asp:Button runat="server" id="RefreshPage" text="Just submit" />
<br /><br />
Name retrieved from ViewState: <asp:Label runat="server" id="NameLabel" />
</form>
</body>
</html>

Code behind

using System;
using System.Data;
using System.Web;

public partial class _Default : System.Web.UI.Page

{
protected void Page_Load(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
if(ViewState["NameOfUser"] != null)

https://riptutorial.com/ 79
NameLabel.Text = ViewState["NameOfUser"].ToString();
else
NameLabel.Text = "Not set yet...";
}

protected void SubmitForm_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)

{
ViewState["NameOfUser"] = NameField.Text;
NameLabel.Text = NameField.Text;
}
}

Read View State online: https://riptutorial.com/asp-net/topic/8234/view-state

https://riptutorial.com/ 80
Chapter 29: web.config >
system.webServer/httpErrors &
system.web/customErrors sections
Introduction
CustomErrors are a legacy (backwards compatable) element, used by Visual Studio Development
Server (aka. VSDS or Cassini).

httpErrors are the new element which is only used by IIS7.

Examples
What is the difference between customErrors and httpErrors?

Both are used to define error handling for a website, but different software refers to
different config elements.

customErrors are a legacy (backwards compatable) element, used by Visual Studio Development
Server (aka. VSDS or Cassini).

httpErrors are the new element which is only used by IIS7.

This highlights the possible problem when developing ASP.NET websites while using VSDS
instead of the local IIS.

Also, refer to this post by myself about how to handle error messages with IIS7, if you wish to have
full control of the error output.

Summary:

1. Developing in VSDS - use customErrors

2. Publishing the site to IIS6 - use customErrors
3. Publishing the site to IIS7 - use httpErrors.
4. and if you develop with VSDS but publish to IIS7, then i guess u'll need both.

Read web.config > system.webServer/httpErrors & system.web/customErrors sections online:

https://riptutorial.com/asp-net/topic/10103/web-config---system-webserver-httperrors---system-
web-customerrors-sections

https://riptutorial.com/ 81
Chapter 30: WebForms
Syntax
• <asp:TextBox runat="server" ID="" TextMode="" Text="" />
• <asp:Repeater runat="server" ID="" OnItemDataBound="">
<HeaderTemplate></HeaderTemplate>
<ItemTemplate></ItemTemplate>
<FooterTemplate></FooterTemplate>
</asp:Repeater>

Remarks
All ASP.Net WebForm controls require runat="server" in order to communicate with the
CodeBehind.

Examples
Using a Repeater to create a HTML Table

When the Repeater is Bound, for each item in the data, a new table row will be added.

<asp:Repeater ID="repeaterID" runat="server" OnItemDataBound="repeaterID_ItemDataBound">

<HeaderTemplate>
<table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th style="width: 10%">Column 1 Header</th>
<th style="width: 30%">Column 2 Header</th>
<th style="width: 30%">Column 3 Header</th>
<th style="width: 30%">Column 4 Header</th>
</tr>
</thead>
</HeaderTemplate>
<ItemTemplate>
<tr runat="server" id="rowID">
<td>
<asp:Label runat="server" ID="mylabel">You can add ASP labels if you
want</asp:Label>
</td>
<td>
<label>Or you can add HTML labels.</label>
</td>
<td>
You can also just type plain text like this.
</td>
<td>
<button type="button">You can even add a button to the table if you
want!</button>
</td>
</tr>
</ItemTemplate>

https://riptutorial.com/ 82
<FooterTemplate>
</table>
</FooterTemplate>
</asp:Repeater>

The ItemDataBound method is optional, yet useful for formatting or populating more complicated
data. In this example, the method is used to dynamically give each <tr> a unique ID. This ID can
then be use in JavaScript to access or modify a specific row. Note, the tr will not keep its dynamic
ID value on PostBack. The text of each row's <asp:Label> was also set in this method.

protected void repeaterID_ItemDataBound(object sender, RepeaterItemEventArgs e)

{
if (e.Item.ItemType == ListItemType.Item || e.Item.ItemType ==
ListItemType.AlternatingItem)
{
MyItem item = (MyItem)e.Item.DataItem;

var row = e.Item.FindControl("rowID");

row.ClientIDMode = ClientIDMode.Static;
row.ID = "rowID" + item.ID;

Label mylabel = (Label)e.Item.FindControl("mylabel");

mylabel.Text = "The item ID is: " + item.ID;
}
}

If you plan on doing a lot of communication with the CodeBehind, you might want to consider
using GridView. Repeaters, however, in general have less overhead than GridView, and with basic
ID manipulation, can perform the same functions as GridView.

Grouping in ListView

introduced in ASP.NET WebForms framework 3.5 is the most flexible of all

asp:ListView
DataPresentation Controls in the framework. An example of Grouping using ListView (which will
come handy as an image gallery)

Objective: To display three images in a row using asp:ListView

Markup

<asp:ListView ID="SportsImageList" runat="server"

GroupItemCount="3">
<LayoutTemplate>
<span class="images-list">
<ul id="groupPlaceholder" runat="server"></ul>
</span>
</LayoutTemplate>
<GroupTemplate>
<ul>
<li id="itemPlaceholder" runat="server"></li>
</ul>
</GroupTemplate>
<ItemTemplate>
<li>

https://riptutorial.com/ 83
<img src='<%# Container.DataItem %>' />
</li>
</ItemTemplate>
</asp:ListView>

Code Behind

protected void Page_Load(object sender, EventArgs e)

{
if(!IsPostBack)
{
SportsImageList.DataSource = GetImages();
SportsImageList.DataBind();
}
}

private static IEnumerable<string> GetImages()

{
var images = Enumerable.Range(1, 9) //get numbers 1 to 9
.Select(i =>
string.Format("http://lorempixel.com/100/100/sports/{0}/", i)
); //convert the numbers to string
return images;
}

CSS

.images-list ul{
clear: both;
list-style-type: none;
}
.images-list ul li{
float: left;
padding: 5px;
}

Rendered Output

https://riptutorial.com/ 84
Example

<script language="VB" runat="server">

Sub SubmitBtn_Click(sender As Object, e As EventArgs)

Label1.Text = "Text1.Text = " & Text1.Text
End Sub

</script>

<h3><font face="Verdana">TextBox Sample</font></h3>

<asp:TextBox id="Text1" Text="Copy this text to the label" Width="200px" runat="server"/>

<asp:Button OnClick="SubmitBtn_Click" Text="Copy Text to Label" Runat="server"/>

<p>

<asp:Label id="Label1" Text="Label1" runat="server"/>

</form>

Hyperlink

The HyperLink control is used to navigate from the client to another page.

<html>

<script language="VB" runat="server">

Sub Page_Load(sender As Object, e As EventArgs)

https://riptutorial.com/ 85
' Set hyperlink to "~", which indicates application root.
HyperLink1.NavigateUrl = "~"
End Sub

</script>

<body>

<h3><font face="Verdana">Simple asp:hyperlink Sample</font></h3>

<p>

<asp:hyperlink id=HyperLink1 runat="server">

Go To QuickStart
</asp:hyperlink>

</form>

</body>

</html>

Read WebForms online: https://riptutorial.com/asp-net/topic/5394/webforms

https://riptutorial.com/ 86
Chapter 31: WebService without Visual
Studio
Introduction
A very basic ASP.Net example of the bare minimum of code to create a WebService.

Remarks
In a separate StackOverflow Documentation post, we'll look at consuming this Calculator
WebService.

Examples
Calculator WebService

<%@ WebService Language="C#" Class="Util" %>

using System;
using System.Web.Services;

public class Util: WebService

{
[WebMethod]
public int CalculatorAdd(int operandA, int operandB)
{
return operandA + operandB;
}

[WebMethod]
public int CalculatorSubtract(int operandA, int operandB)
{
return operandA - operandB;
}

[WebMethod]
public long CalculatorMultiply(int operandA, int operandB)
{
return operandA * operandB;
}

[WebMethod]
public long CalculatorDivide(int operandNumerator, int operandDenominator)
{
if (operandDenominator == 0)
return System.Int64.MaxValue; // Should really do better error handling overall
& return an error
else
return operandNumerator / operandDenominator;
}
}

https://riptutorial.com/ 87
Read WebService without Visual Studio online: https://riptutorial.com/asp-
net/topic/8859/webservice-without-visual-studio

https://riptutorial.com/ 88
Credits
S.
Chapters Contributors
No

Ahmed Abdelhameed, Aristos, Community, demonplus,

Getting started with
1 Dillie-O, Josh E, khawarPK, Marco, Matt, Muhammad
ASP.NET
Awais, Satinder singh, wintersolider

2 Asp Web Forms Identity tatigo

3 ASP.NET - Basic Controls khawarPK

4 ASP.NET - Managing State khawarPK

5 ASP.NET - User Controls Tetsuya Yamamoto

6 ASP.NET - Validators khawarPK

7 Asp.net Ajax Controls Saurabh Srivastava

8 ASP.NET Caching tatigo

9 Data Binding j.f., Ryan

10 Data List Webruster

11 DayPilot Scheduler Abdul

12 Directives khawarPK, Tot Zam

13 Event Delegation Webruster

14 Event Handling khawarPK, Tot Zam

15 Expressions Ryan

16 Find Control by ID Andrei, VDWWD, Webruster

17 GridView Andrei, Asif.Ali, j.f., Marco, Ritwik

18 httpHandlers Taylor Brown

19 Katana jignesh

20 Middleware Marco

21 Page Life Cycle Abdul, mbenegas, Srikar, VDWWD

https://riptutorial.com/ 89
22 Page Methods Enrique Zavaleta, wazz, XIII

23 Repeater Andrei

24 ScriptManager Naveen Gogineni

25 Session Managment Jasmin Solanki

26 Session State Luke Ryan, Naveen Gogineni, Nisarg Shah

27 UpdatePanel Naveen Gogineni

28 View State jignesh

web.config >
system.webServer/httpErrors
29 Naveen Gogineni
& system.web/customErrors
sections

30 WebForms Big Fan, jignesh, naveen, Tot Zam

WebService without Visual

31 George 2.0 Hope
Studio

https://riptutorial.com/ 90

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