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02 Fields Lecture 2

This document discusses electromagnetic field theory and contains several problems and solutions. It begins by explaining Biot-Savart law, which describes how a current element creates a magnetic field at a point. It then provides a problem asking to derive the magnetic field from a finite wire, and gives the solution. Next, it defines Ampere's circuital law and magnetic vector potential, and provides a problem using them to find the magnetic field between two parallel wires, giving the solution. Finally, it discusses Faraday's law of induction, stating that a changing magnetic flux induces an electromotive force and current in a closed circuit.

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Taboka Sialumba
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37 views6 pages

02 Fields Lecture 2

This document discusses electromagnetic field theory and contains several problems and solutions. It begins by explaining Biot-Savart law, which describes how a current element creates a magnetic field at a point. It then provides a problem asking to derive the magnetic field from a finite wire, and gives the solution. Next, it defines Ampere's circuital law and magnetic vector potential, and provides a problem using them to find the magnetic field between two parallel wires, giving the solution. Finally, it discusses Faraday's law of induction, stating that a changing magnetic flux induces an electromotive force and current in a closed circuit.

Uploaded by

Taboka Sialumba
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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LECTURE 2 : ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELD THEORY

1. Biot-Savart Law

a. Biot-Savart's law states that the magnetic field intensity dH produced at a point P,
as shown below, by the differential current clement Idl is proportional to the
product Idl and the sine of the angle α between the element and the line joining P to
the element and is inversely proportional to the square of the distance R between P
and the element.
i.e

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LECTURE 2 : ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELD THEORY

Problem 1:

a. Derive expression for the magnetic field at point P due to a finite length of wire carrying
current I amperes. [10]

Solution 1:
a.

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LECTURE 2 : ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELD THEORY

Problem 2:

a. Define and briefly explain the terms:

i) Ampere’s Circuital law. [4]

ii) Magnetic vector potential [4]

b. Two parallel wires carry currents I1 and 2I1 in opposite directions. Use Ampere’s law to find
the magnetic field at a point midway between the wires. [7]

Solution 2:
a. i) Ampere's circuit law states that the line integral of the tangential component of H around a
dosed path is the same as the net current Ienc enclosed by the path. (2)

Note: H=B/μo , and

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LECTURE 2 : ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELD THEORY

(Since the magnetic field B is defined as the curl of A, and the by vector identity the curl of a
gradient is identically zero, then any arbitrary function which can be expressed as the gradient of
a scalar function may be added to A without changing the value of B obtained from it). (4)
b.

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LECTURE 2 : ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELD THEORY

2. Faraday’ Law of electromagnetic induction

The results of Faraday’s experiments may simply be stated that a magnetic field varying in time
produces an electromotive force (e.m.f) which causes a current to flow in a closed circuit in the
field. The e.m.f which is produced in a closed circuit is proportional to the time rate of decrease
of magnetic flux linkage in the circuit.

-negative sign(due to Lenz0 emphasis that the direction of the possible current flow is such as to
tend to prevent the flux change taking place.

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LECTURE 2 : ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELD THEORY

From Stokes’ Theorem (line integral = surface integral) we get:

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