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Factoring Polynomials - GCF and Difference of Two Squares

This document provides instructions on factoring polynomials using greatest common factor (GCF), difference of two squares (DOTS), and sum or difference of two cubes (SDOTC). It includes examples of each method and "think about it" problems for students to practice factoring polynomials. The key steps are to first look for GCF, then apply DOTS if applicable, and finally use SDOTC on any remaining terms that are a sum or difference of cubes. Order of operations is important for fully factoring expressions.

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Yob Ynnos
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114 views29 pages

Factoring Polynomials - GCF and Difference of Two Squares

This document provides instructions on factoring polynomials using greatest common factor (GCF), difference of two squares (DOTS), and sum or difference of two cubes (SDOTC). It includes examples of each method and "think about it" problems for students to practice factoring polynomials. The key steps are to first look for GCF, then apply DOTS if applicable, and finally use SDOTC on any remaining terms that are a sum or difference of cubes. Order of operations is important for fully factoring expressions.

Uploaded by

Yob Ynnos
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Factoring

Polynomials
T2 [M5S2]
RECALL:
FACTORING
(GCF & DOTS)
01

GCF
Greatest Common
Factor
Think About It Items
1) 14𝑥 𝑥 − 8 + 20𝑥 2 𝑥 − 8 − 6𝑥 3 8 − 𝑥
Think About It Items
2) 36 12𝑥 − 9 − 30𝑥 9 − 12𝑥
= 36 12𝑥 − 9 + 30𝑥(12𝑥 − 9)
= 6(12𝑥 − 9)(6 + 5𝑥) 12𝑥 − 9 still has a
GCF of 3.

= 6(3)(4𝑥 − 3)(6 + 5𝑥)


= 18(4𝑥 − 3)(6 + 5𝑥)
02

DOTS
Difference of Two
Squares
Think About It Items
1) 16𝑥 4 − 81
Think About It Items

2) 1 − 256𝑦 8 1 − 16𝑦 4 and 1 − 4𝑦 2 are still


factorable.
= (1 + 16𝑦 4 )(1 − 16𝑦 4 )
= 1 + 16𝑦 4 1 + 4𝑦 2 (1 − 4𝑦 2 )
= 1 + 16𝑦 4 1 + 4𝑦 2 (1 + 2𝑦)(1 − 2𝑦)
Think About It Items

2) 1 − 256𝑦 8 1 − 16𝑦 4 and 1 − 4𝑦 2 are still


factorable.
= (1 + 16𝑦 4 )(1 − 16𝑦 4 )
= 1 + 16𝑦 4 1 + 4𝑦 2 (1 − 4𝑦 2 )
= 1 + 16𝑦 4 1 + 4𝑦 2 (1 + 2𝑦)(1 − 2𝑦)
Think About It Items

3) (𝑥 + 3)2 − 121
= 𝑥 + 3 + 11 [ 𝑥 + 3 − 11]
= 𝑥 + 14 (𝑥 − 8)
Think About It Items
Apply GCF first before DOTS.
4) 50𝑥 2 − 8𝑥 2 𝑦 4
= 2𝑥 2 (25 − 4𝑦 4 )
= 2𝑥 2 (5 + 2𝑦 2 )(5 − 2𝑦 2 )
Think About It!
The following binomials are NOT
factorable by DOTS. Why?

1) 𝑥 2 + 25
2) 𝑥 9 − 36
3) 0.4 − 𝑥 8
03

SDOTC
Sum or Difference of
Two Cubes
Sum or Difference of
Two Cubes
Given a binomial where both terms are
perfect cubes and the operation
between them is addition or subtraction,
there will be 2 factors. Follow the format
in attaining the factors:

𝒂𝟑 + 𝒃𝟑 = (𝒂 + 𝒃)(𝒂𝟐 − 𝒂𝒃 + 𝒃𝟐 )
𝒂𝟑 − 𝒃𝟑 = (𝒂 − 𝒃)(𝒂𝟐 + 𝒂𝒃 + 𝒃𝟐 )
Sum or Difference of
Two Cubes
𝒂𝟑 + 𝒃𝟑 = (𝒂 + 𝒃)(𝒂𝟐 − 𝒂𝒃 + 𝒃𝟐 )
The second factor is based on
To get the first factor, get the the first.
cube root of the 2 terms. Copy 1) Square the first term.
the operation of the given 2) Multiply the 2 terms.
binomial. 3) Square the second term.

Take note of the signs of the


terms.
Sum or Difference of
Two Cubes
𝒂𝟑 − 𝒃𝟑 = (𝒂 − 𝒃)(𝒂𝟐 + 𝒂𝒃 + 𝒃𝟐 )
The second factor is based on
To get the first factor, get the the first.
cube root of the 2 terms. Copy 1) Square the first term.
the operation of the given 2) Multiply the 2 terms.
binomial. 3) Square the second term.

Take note of the signs of the


terms.
Sum or Difference of
Two Cubes
Remember the pattern of the signs of
the factors.

𝒂𝟑 + 𝒃𝟑 = (𝒂 + 𝒃)(𝒂𝟐 − 𝒂𝒃 + 𝒃𝟐 )

𝒂𝟑 − 𝒃𝟑 = (𝒂 − 𝒃)(𝒂𝟐 + 𝒂𝒃 + 𝒃𝟐 )
Algebraic Proof:

𝟐 𝟐
𝒂 + 𝒃 𝒂 − 𝒂𝒃 + 𝒃

= 𝑎3 − 𝑎2 𝑏 + 𝑎𝑏 2 + 𝑎2 𝑏 − 𝑎𝑏 2 + 𝑏 3
= 𝑎3 + 𝑏 3
Algebraic Proof:

𝟐 𝟐
𝒂 − 𝒃 𝒂 + 𝒂𝒃 + 𝒃

= 𝑎3 + 𝑎𝑏 2 + 𝑎2 𝑏 − 𝑎2 𝑏 − 𝑎𝑏 2 − 𝑏 3
= 𝑎3 − 𝑏 3
Examples
1.) 𝑥 3 + 8 2) 𝑥 9 − 1
Examples
3) 27𝑥 3 − 1 4) 64𝑎3 + 𝑏 6
Examples
5) 125 + 𝑥 6 6) 𝑥 3 𝑦 9 − 64
Examples
Perfect cubes
aren’t limited to
whole numbers.
Fractions and
decimals can be
8 1 perfect cubes as
7) 216𝑥 12 − 8) + 0.729 well.
343 𝑥3
Think About It!
Factor the following completely:
1) 𝑥 18 − 𝑦18
Remember the hierarchy in factoring:
2) 8𝑥 6 + 0.027𝑦 9 GCF
DOTS
SDOTC
𝑥5 𝑥2
3) +
1331 512

4) 192𝑥 12 𝑦 2 − 3𝑦 2
Think About It!
Factor the following completely:
1) 𝑥 18 − 𝑦18 DOTS first before SDOTC.

= (𝑥 9 + 𝑦 9 )(𝑥 9 − 𝑦 9 )

= 𝑥3 + 𝑦3 𝑥6 − 𝑥3𝑦3 + 𝑦6 𝑥3 − 𝑦3 𝑥6 + 𝑥3𝑦3 + 𝑦6
Still factorable! Still factorable!

= (𝑥 + 𝑦) 𝑥 2 − 𝑥𝑦 + 𝑦 2 𝑥 6 − 𝑥 3 𝑦 3 + 𝑦 6 (𝑥 − 𝑦) 𝑥 2 + 𝑥𝑦 + 𝑦 2 𝑥 6 + 𝑥 3 𝑦 3 + 𝑦 6
Think About It Items
2) 8𝑥 6 + 0.027𝑦 9

= 2𝑥 2 + 0.3𝑦 3 4𝑥 4 − 0.6𝑥 2 𝑦 3 + 𝑦 6
Think About It Items
𝑥5 𝑥2
3) +
1331 512 GCF first before SDOTC.

𝑥 3 1
2
= 𝑥 +
1331 512

2 𝑥 1 𝑥2 𝑥 1
= 𝑥 + − +
11 8 121 88 64
Think About It Items
Solve following the hierarchy:
GCF
4) 192𝑥 12 𝑦 2 − 3𝑦 2 DOTS
SDOTC
Think About It!
The following binomials are NOT
factorable by SDOTC. Why?

1) 𝑥 8 + 27
2) 125𝑥 3 − 8𝑦
3) 2.16 + 𝑥 9 𝑦12

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