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Piping Failure Modes 01 24

The document discusses various failure modes for piping including excessive deformation, brittle fracture, stress rupture, fatigue, and corrosion. It also covers piping code stress types including primary stresses from external loading and secondary stresses from displacement constraints. Finally, it provides design tips for piping and supports such as preferred attachment points, avoidance of weight loads on rotating equipment, and consideration of fluid flow requirements versus piping stress requirements.

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Victor Sodré
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160 views24 pages

Piping Failure Modes 01 24

The document discusses various failure modes for piping including excessive deformation, brittle fracture, stress rupture, fatigue, and corrosion. It also covers piping code stress types including primary stresses from external loading and secondary stresses from displacement constraints. Finally, it provides design tips for piping and supports such as preferred attachment points, avoidance of weight loads on rotating equipment, and consideration of fluid flow requirements versus piping stress requirements.

Uploaded by

Victor Sodré
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Piping Failure Modes

• Excessive elastic deformation including elastic


instability (buckling)

• Excessive plastic deformation

• Brittle fracture (including hydrogen and radiation


embrittlement)

• Stress rupture / creep (inelastic) deformation

• Plastic instability-incremental collapse

• High strain - low cycle fatigue

• Stress corrosion & Corrosion fatigue

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Piping Code Stress Types

Primary Stress - by External Loading


- Not Self- Limiting & Causes Distortion

- Limit to prevent Plastic Deformation

Secondary Stress - by Displacement Constraints

- Self- Limiting & Causes No Distortion

- Limit to prevent Fatigue Failure

Peak Stress - Highest Stress & Causes No Distortion

- Limit to prevent Fatigue Crack Initiation

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Design Load Categorization

Pressure, Weight &


Other Sustained Loads Primary Load (Sustained)

Wind, Earthquake,
Primary Load (Occasional)
Impact and Water Hammer

Thermal Load, Transients,


Support Movement & Secondary Load
Vibration

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Piping Code Rules

Primary Stress (Sustained) < f1 Sy

Primary Stress (Sustained + Occasional) < f2 S y

Secondary stress range < f3 2Sy

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Additional Design Checks

• Loads on Nozzles to Rotating & Non-rotating Equipment

• Loads on Lug Attachments to Shells & Piping

• Reactions at Support Structures

• Leakage at Flanges

• Deformation at Expansion Joints

• Accelerations at Heavy Components (i.e., Valves)

• Interference with Thermal Expansion

• Disengagement of Piping from Supports

• Piping Sag in Drain Lines

• Resonance with Imposed / Flow Induced Vibrations

• Local Shell Buckling

• Creep at High Temperature

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Design Tips for Piping and Supports

• Cold Spring is not the Answer

• Change Bend Radius to reduce Bend Stress

• Avoid Weight Loads on Rotating Equipment

• Minimum one Rigid Vertical Support to carry Weight


Increase due to Manufacturing Tolerance
• Group Lines to reduce supports

• For High Pressure Lines, Bourdon Effect and Pressure


Stiffening of Bends may help

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• Spacing as per ANSI B31 Codes

• Reduce Span by Half at Equipment

• Decrease Span for Concentrated Loads

• Support Offset Loads / Overhung Corners

• Decrease Span for Insulation or Lining

• Support at Top or Bottom of Risers

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• On Runs not requiring frequent removal

• Not on Components and Expansion Joints

• Not on Bends; Local Attachment Stress adds


on to Bend Stress; Attachment Stiffens Bends

• Close to Heavy Loads - Vertical Runs, Branch


Lines, Valves, Silencers, Strainers, etc.

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• To Beams near Main-Member Intersections

• Avoid Torsional and Bending Effects

• Avoid Transverse Loads to Slender Members

• Avoid Transverse Loads to Compression Members

• Connect to Independent Structures / Foundation for


Pulsating / Vibrating Pipes

• Provide Restraints / Expansion Joints near Vibrating


Machinery to reduce Transmissibility

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Increasing flexibility is shown from left to right

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