Science 10

Science – Grade 10
Quarter 3 – Module 5: The Menstrual Cycle
First Edition, 2020

Republic Act 8293, Section 176 states that no copyright shall subsist in any
work of the Government of the Philippines. However, prior approval of the
government agency or office wherein the work is created shall be necessary for
exploitation of such work for profit. Such agency or office may, among other things,
impose as a condition the payment of royalties.

Borrowed materials (i.e., songs, stories, poems, pictures, photos, brand

names, trademarks, etc.) included in this module are owned by their respective
copyright holders. Every effort has been exerted to locate and seek permission to use
these materials from their respective copyright owners. The publisher and authors
do not represent nor claim ownership over them.

Published by the Department of Education - Schools Division of Pasig City

Development Team of the Self-Learning Module

Writer: Afrel Mae P. Ayuban
Editor: Annalyn M. Macasinag
Reviewer: Annalyn M. Macasinag (Content and Language)
Illustrator: Name
Layout Artist: Jean Rean M. Laurente
Management Team: Ma. Evalou Concepcion A. Agustin
OIC-Schools Division Superintendent
Carolina T. Rivera, EdD
OIC-Assistant Schools Division Superintendent
Manuel A. Laguerta, EdD
OIC-Chief, Curriculum Implementation Division

Education Program Supervisors

Librada L. Agon EdD (EPP/TLE/TVL/TVE)

Liza A. Alvarez (Science/STEM/SSP)
Bernard R. Balitao (AP/HUMSS)
Joselito E. Calios (English/SPFL/GAS)
Norlyn D. Conde EdD (MAPEH/SPA/SPS/HOPE/A&D/Sports)
Wilma Q. Del Rosario (LRMS/ADM)
Ma. Teresita E. Herrera EdD (Filipino/GAS/Piling Larang)
Perlita M. Ignacio PhD (EsP)
Dulce O. Santos PhD (Kindergarten/MTB-MLE)
Teresita P. Tagulao EdD (Mathematics/ABM)

Printed in the Philippines by Department of Education – Schools Division of

Pasig City
 Science 10
Quarter 3
Self-Learning Module 5
The Menstrual Cycle
Introductory Message

For the Facilitator:

Welcome to the Science 10 Self-Learning Module on The Menstrual Cycle!

This Self-Learning Module was collaboratively designed, developed and

reviewed by educators from the Schools Division Office of Pasig City headed by its
Officer-in-Charge Schools Division Superintendent, Ma. Evalou Concepcion A.
Agustin, in partnership with the City Government of Pasig through its mayor,
Honorable Victor Ma. Regis N. Sotto. The writers utilized the standards set by the K
to 12 Curriculum using the Most Essential Learning Competencies (MELC) in
developing this instructional resource.

This learning material hopes to engage the learners in guided and independent
learning activities at their own pace and time. Further, this also aims to help learners
acquire the needed 21st century skills especially the 5 Cs, namely: Communication,
Collaboration, Creativity, Critical Thinking, and Character while taking into
consideration their needs and circumstances.

In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box in the
body of the module:

Notes to the Teacher

This contains helpful tips or strategies that
will help you in guiding the learners.

As a facilitator you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this
module. You also need to keep track of the learners' progress while allowing them to
manage their own learning. Moreover, you are expected to encourage and assist the
learners as they do the tasks included in the module.
 For the Learner:

Welcome to the Science 10 Self-Learning Module on The Menstrual Cycle!

This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful
opportunities for guided and independent learning at your own pace and time. You
will be enabled to process the contents of the learning material while being an active
learner.

This module has the following parts and corresponding icons:

Expectations - This points to the set of knowledge and skills

that you will learn after completing the module.

Pretest - This measures your prior knowledge about the lesson

at hand.

Recap - This part of the module provides a review of concepts

and skills that you already know about a previous lesson.

Lesson - This section discusses the topic in the module.

Activities - This is a set of activities that you need to perform.

Wrap-Up - This section summarizes the concepts and

application of the lesson.

Valuing - This part integrates a desirable moral value in the

lesson.

Posttest - This measures how much you have learned from the
entire module.
 EXPECTATIONS

This module is designed and written to help you master the lesson on
menstrual cycle. It is here to help you master the lesson on the different events of
the menstrual cycle and the changes in a female’s body.

It has prepared to provide activities for reinforcement, strengthening and

enriching knowledge and skills. The skills in this module cover all the most essential
learning competencies in the list issued by the Department of Education.

This module uses different and interesting approaches, strategies, and

techniques to further hone scientific understanding of the learners. The module is
about the important events of the menstrual cycle and the emotional and physical
changes in females.

After going through this module, you are expected to:

1. describe the important events of the menstrual cycle using diagram,

2. mark the events of menstrual cycle in a calendar,
3. and respect the emotional and physical changes in one’s body during
adolescent stage.

PRETEST

Instructions: Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen letter on a
separate sheet of paper.

1. Which of the following is the correct sequence of the entire duration of the
menstrual cycle?
a. Luteal Phase, Ovulation Phase, Follicular Phase, Menstrual Phase
b. Ovulation Phase, Luteal Phase, Follicular Phase, Menstrual Phase
c. Follicular Phase, Menstrual Phase, Ovulation Phase, Luteal Phase
d. Menstrual Phase, Follicular Phase, Ovulation Phase, Luteal Phase

2. The pituitary gland secretes a hormone that stimulates the egg cells in the
ovaries to grow. What phase of menstrual cycle is being described?
a. Follicular
b. Luteal
c. Menstrual
d. Ovulation

3. When does ovulation usually occur?

 a. 1st day
b. 7th day
c. 14th day
d. 28th day

4. If November 20 is the first day of menstruation and you have a regular 28-day
cycle, when is the start of the Luteal Phase?
a. November 30
b. December 4
c. December 14
d. December 20

5. Which of the following changes DOES NOT occur in both girls and boys
during adolescent stage?
a. height increases
b. emotional changes
c. breasts develop and hips widen
d. pubic and under arm hair grows

RECAP
Previously you have learned about the parts and functions human
reproductive system. Identify the following reproductive organs whether they are for
male or female. Use the symbol for male and for female. Are you ready? Let’s
start!

_____ 1. Vagina _____ 6. Testis

_____ 2. Epididymis _____ 7. Uterus

_____ 3. Vas deferens _____ 8. Seminiferous tubules

_____ 4. Ovary _____ 9. Oviduct
_____ 5. Ejaculatory duct _____ 10. Cervix

Great work! You really know that humans have different reproductive organs
for males and females which play important role in the perpetuation of life. In our
lesson for today, you will learn about another difference between the two human
sexes.
 LESSON

What do you see in the picture on the right?

Yes, you are correct! It is a pupa. Do you know that
it takes five to 21 days before a pupa turns into a
beautiful butterfly? Teenagers like you are like butterflies.
You are now in a transformation stage of your life where
all young people go through emotional and physical
changes, the adolescence stage. Adolescence is a process
that takes you to adulthood and it lasts several https://www.flickr.com/photos/3346
5428@N02/3927395004
years.
As teenagers, you experience being moody, angry and beginning to explore
and assert personal identities. This is because of the hormonal changes that drive
the physical development of your body which is called puberty. Here are the following
changes that happens during adolescence:

Both Boys and Girls Boys Only Girls Only

Pubic and underarm hair Voice breaks – gets much Breasts develop
grows deeper
Body smell becomes Testes and penis get Ovaries start to release
stronger bigger egg cells
Emotional changes Testes start producing Hips widen
sperm
Height increases Shoulders widen Menstrual cycle begins
Growth of chest and
facial hair
You see boys and girls don’t experience same physical changes, one of these
is the Menstrual Cycle that occurs only in girls. Menstrual Cycle refers to the series
of changes that occur in sexually mature, non-pregnant females which culminates
into menses, also called menstrual bleeding or menstruation or simply refer to as
having a period. As girls get older and their body change they get their periods. Do
you remember the function of the uterus? Yes, you are right! It is where a baby grows
when a woman is pregnant. But how does it happen? The inner lining of uterus called
endometrium supports and nourishes the growing baby. If there is no baby, the lining
is shed during her period. During a period, blood and other tissues from the uterus
leave the body through the vagina. A period can last for a few days or about a week.

The Menstrual Cycle is the time from one period to another usually by 28
days. Take a look at the diagram of the Menstrual Cycle. What are its phases? What
changes do you observe in each phase?
 Phases of Menstrual Cycle

https://medium.com/@ThePelvicExpert/why-do-women-have-back-or-pelvic-pain-during-their-
periods-e712c4f34b48

The day count for menstrual cycle begins on the first day of menstruation
when blood starts to come out of the vagina. The entire duration of a Menstrual Cycle
can be divided into four main phases. Let us discuss them one by one using the
diagram.

Menstrual Phase (Day 1-5)

It begins on the first day of
menstruation and lasts till the 5th day of
the menstrual cycle. The following events
occur during this phase:
▪ The uterus sheds its inner lining
of soft tissue and blood vessels
which exits the body from the
vagina in the form of menstrual
fluid.
▪ Blood loss of 10 ml to 80 ml is
considered normal.
▪ You may experience abdominal
cramps. These cramps are caused
by the contraction of the uterine
and the abdominal muscles to
expel the menstrual fluid.
 Follicular phase (Day 1-13)
This phase also begins on the first day
of menstruation, but it lasts till the 13th
day of the menstrual cycle. The following
events occur during this phase:
▪ The pituitary gland secretes a
hormone that stimulates the egg
cells in the ovaries to grow.
▪ One of these egg cells begins to
mature in a sac-like-structure
called follicle. It takes 13 days for
the egg cell to reach maturity.
▪ While the egg cell matures, its
follicle secretes a hormone that
stimulates the uterus to develop a
lining of blood vessels and soft
tissue called endometrium.

Ovulation phase (Day 14)

On the 14th day of the cycle, the
pituitary gland secretes a hormone that
causes the ovary to release the matured
egg cell. The released egg cell is swept into
the fallopian tube by the cilia of the
fimbriae. Fimbriae are finger like
projections located at the end of the
fallopian tube close to the ovaries and cilia
are slender hair like projections on each
Fimbria.

Luteal phase (Day 15-28)

This phase begins on the 15th day
and lasts till the end of the cycle. The
following events occur during this phase:
▪ The egg cell released during the
ovulation phase stays in the
fallopian tube for 24 hours.
▪ If a sperm cell does not impregnate
the egg cell within that time, the
egg cell disintegrates.
▪ The hormone that causes the https://menstrupedia.com/articles/girls
uterus to retain its endometrium /cycle-phases?embed=true
gets used up by the end of the
menstrual cycle. This causes the
menstrual phase of the next cycle
to begin.
 The knowledge about Menstrual Cycle is important for a woman to be prepare
of her coming period. Consider the calendar with marked menstrual and ovulation
period of woman with regular 28-day cycle.
The day 1 of the cycle is on
September 1 and the 14th day from the
first day of the cycle is the Ovulation
which is on September 14. Therefore,
the Follicular Phase which is Day 1-
13 will start on September 1-13 while
the Luteal Phase is on September 15-
28 which is the Day 15-28 of the cycle.
https://www.pinterest.ph/pin/492581277974088555/

Menstrual Cycle is also used as a natural birth control which we called the
Calendar Rhythm Method. However, this is NOT applicable for women with irregular
menstrual cycles, or those which last less than 26 or more than 32 days.

Fertility is the ability to become fertile or to produce an

offspring. Remember that ovulation occurs about 14 days
before your period starts. If your average menstrual cycle is 28
days, you ovulate around day 14, and your most fertile days
are days 11-16. But why? Sperm cells can live inside the body
of a female for 3-4 days waiting for a mature egg cell. While egg
http://www.info cell dies after 3 days from the ovulation day. That is 3-4 days
barrel.com/What
before ovulation and 3 days after. Going back to the previous
_is_a_Normal_Me
nstrual_Cycle calendar, when is the most fertile days? You are right!
September 11-16!

ACTIVITIES
ACTIVITY # 1
PHASES OF MENSTRUAL CYCLE
Direction: Complete the diagram of the menstrual cycle by labelling and describing
the most important event in each phase.

D 1

2 B

https://www.needpi 3
x.com/photo/94085
/male-female-
woman-man-venus-
mars-symbols
C
 ACTIVITY # 2
SAVE THE DATE
Direction: Color/mark the date/s in the calendar as described by the following events
of 28-days menstrual cycle. The blood drop image indicates the first day of the
cycle.

https://www.publicdomainpictures.net/en/view-
image.php?image=308980&picture=2020-calendar

RED- uterus sheds its inner lining of soft tissue and blood vessels
BLUE-last day of the Follicular Phase
GREEN- a mature egg cell is released from the ovary
YELLOW- days of the Luteal Phase
MARK X- most fertile days

ACTIVITY # 3
IT’S A GIRL THING!
Direction: The diagram shows the physical and emotional changes in a woman in
each phase of menstrual cycle. Write the correct scientific explanation for each.
Choose you answer from the “pool of statements” below.
6 1

#feelingterrible

CAUTION:
PMS Ahead 2

No mirrors
please! Girl Power!

I’m pretty
5 and I
know it!
3
I’m the
BOSS!!!

4
a
 https://www.mymorningafter.co.uk/blog1/2018/12/5/get-to-know-your-menstrual-cycle

High level of progesterone POOL OF STATEMENTS Lowest level of estrogen

produces cortisol, hormone means low serotonin a.k.a.”
associated with anxiety and Estrogen level still happy hormone”.
stress. have been on rise.

Estrogen level Estrogen level Uterus muscles contract

peaks. to shed its lining.
is rising.

WRAP-UP

Let’s summarize what you have learned today. Complete the flow chart of the
Menstrual Cycle below by filling up the missing word/s.
_______ PHASE _______ PHASE _______ PHASE _______ PHASE

DAY ___ DAY ___ DAY ___ DAY ___

________ sheds ________ Without

its inner lining secretes ________ fertilization,
of soft tissue hormone releases egg _______ or
and blood simulating the cell. lining of the
vessels. growth of uterus will
______cell. start to shed.

VALUING

Menstrual Management is very important practice when girls begin to

menstruate. It can prevent potential situations of embarrassment and in turn, make
you feel confident about yourself and your body. You need to take a few steps to deal
with your menstrual flow and to maintain good hygiene. Here are some measures to
help you continue your daily routine without being interrupted by your monthly
periods;

▪ manage your menstrual flow to prevent menstrual fluid from soiling your
clothes,
▪ maintain proper hygiene and cleanliness,
▪ eat a balance diet to provide your body essential nutrients, and
▪ maintain an active lifestyle while avoiding stress and tension
 POSTTEST

Instructions: Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen letter on a
separate sheet of paper.

1. Which of the phase comes after a mature egg cell is released from the ovary?
a. Follicular
b. Luteal
c. Menstrual
d. Ovulation

2. Which of the following will NOT cause the menstrual phase of the next
monthly period to begin?
a. egg cell disintegrates
b. no fertilization occurs
c. follicle secretes hormone
d. hormone that retains endometrium is all used up

For Nos. 3-4 refer to the calendar on the right.

3. If a woman menstruates in a regular 28-day cycle

and if the first day of menses is on July 8,
when will she ovulate?
a. July 21
b. July 20
c. July 19
d. July 18

4. What dates will she be most fertile?

a. July 1-8
b. July 10-17
c. July 14-21
d. July 18-23

5. Which of the following BEST explains the varying emotions among women as
each phase of the menstrual cycle occurs?
a. They are different from men.
b. They have different menstrual cycle.
c. They experience body and hormonal changes.
d. Their reproductive organs are not fully matured.
 RECAP
….continuation of key to correction
ACTIVITY # 1
PHASES OF MENSTRUAL CYCLE
A. Menstrual Phase 1. uterus lining shed/menstruation occurs
B. Follicular Phase 2. one of the egg cells begin to mature/thickening
C. Ovulation Phase of the uterus lining or endometrium
D. Luteal Phase 3. release of mature egg cell from the ovary
4. endometrium or the lining of the uterus start
to shed
ACTIVITY # 2
SAVE THE DATE
RED: November 26,27,28,29, & 30
BLUE: December 8
GREEN: December 9
YELLOW: December 10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22, & 23
X Mark: December 6,7,8,9,10, & 11
Answer Key
Pretest Post Test
1. D 1. B
2. A 2. C
3. C 3. A
4. B 4. D
5. C 5. C
KEY TO CORRECTION
 ACTIVITY # 3
IT’S A GIRL THING!
WRAP-UP
 References
Bibliography
Evangelista, Eden Vela, and Edith Reyes Malonzo. 2006. Science in Today's World
Series Biology Textbook. Quezon City: SIBS Pubishing House.

Rabago, Lilia M. 2003. Functional Biology Modular Approach. Quezon City: Vibal
Publishing House.

Seeley, et al. 1999. Essentials of Anatomy and Physiology-3rd Edition. California: Mc

Graw-Hill

Websites
1. Cliparts101.com
http://cliparts101.com/free_clipart/92286/Pulling_luggage_2, July 19, 2020

2. Commons.Wikimedia.com
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Tired_Cartoon_Woman_Working_Overti
me.svg, July 19, 2020

3. Flicker.Com
https://www.flickr.com/photos/33465428@N02/3927395004, July 16, 2020

4. Infobarrel.com
http://www.infobarrel.com/What_is_a_Normal_Menstrual_Cycle, July 16, 2020

5. Menstrupedia.com
https://menstrupedia.com/articles/girls/cycle-phases?embed=true, July 16, 2020
https://menstrupedia.com/articles/girls/menstrual-management?embed=true, July 19, 2020

6. My Morning After.com
https://www.mymorningafter.co.uk/blog1/2018/12/5/get-to-know-your-
menstrual-cycle, July 16, 2020

7. Pintereset.ph
https://www.pinterest.ph/pin/492581277974088555/, July 16, 2020

8. Public Domains.Net
https://www.publicdomainpictures.net/en/viewimage.php?image=308980&picture
=2020-calendar, July 16, 2020
https://www.publicdomainpictures.net/en/viewimage.php?image=238263&picture
=business-woman, July 19, 2020

9. The Pelvic Expert

https://medium.com/@ThePelvicExpert/why-do-women-have-back-or-pelvic-pain-
during-their-periods-e712c4f34b48, July 16, 2020