Concepts of

Tourism,
Hospitality, and
Leisure
Tourism
• Defined as a short-term movement of people to places other than
their normal place of residence and work, including the activities of
persons traveling to and staying in locations outside their places of
residence and work for not more than twelve months, for the
purpose of: (1) leisure (recreation, vacation, health, study, religion,
and sport); and (2) business, family, mission, and meetings.
• Tourism was defined as a sum of relations and phenomena resulting
from the travel and stay of non-residents, in so far as [travel] does not
lead to permanent residence and is not connected with any
permanent or temporary earning activity.

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 Characteristics of Tourism
2 Main Elements
• Dynamic- movement, which refers to the journey (travel) to and from a
destination
• Static - the length of stay outside the permanent residence in various
destinations
Other Characteristics
• Movement to and from the destination is temporary (temporary change of
residence), short-term, with intention to return
• Destinations are visited for purposes other than taking up permanent
residence or employment
• The activities tourists engage in during their journey, and the stay outside
the normal place of residence and work, are distinct from those of the local
residents and working populations of the places visited

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Participants Influenced by Tourism
• Tourists
• Businesses providing goods and
services that the tourist market demands
• Government of the host community
• Host community.

These groups cooperate to accomplish a set of goals at the micro

and macro levels within constantly changing legal, political,
economic, social, and technological environments.

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 Sectors of the Tourism Industry
• Transportation
• Accommodation
• Attractions
• Amenities
• Entertainment
• Eating and drinking
establishments
• Shops
• Activity facilities (leisure and recreation)

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Other Characteristics of Tourism
◎ Tourism is multidimensional.
◎ Tourism embraces virtually all aspects of human life and society.
◎ Tourism is a major economic activity of the travel, lodging, retail, entertainment
subsector, and many other subsectors that supply tourist needs.
◎ Tourism involves production, marketing, and consumption of numerous products
such as car rentals, hotel rooms, meals, etc.
◎ It requires researching, planning, managing, and controlling tourist enterprises.
◎ Tourism also involves a historical analysis of tourism activities and various
institutions.
◎ Tourism is about activities and services.

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What are Tourism Products?
◎ A tourism product is a combination of all goods, activities, and
services offered to tourists by different sectors of the tourism
industry in order to satisfy tourist needs while they are away from
home.
◎ It includes the journey to and from a destination, transfer from and
to an airport, accommodation, transportation while at the
destination, and everything that a tourist does, sees, and uses on the
way to and from the destination, including purchases of food and
drinks, souvenirs, entertainment, amusement and a very wide range
of other services such as financial, medical, insurance, etc

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 What are Tourism Products?
Tourism product' covers a number of different categories including:
• Accommodation, i.e. hotels, bed & breakfasts, guest houses, self-
catering/serviced apartments, camping, caravanning and home stay
• Hospitality, i.e. food and beverage serving services, e.g. pubs, restaurants,
cafes, private dining for groups/conferences
• Transport services, e.g. rail, road, water, air networks and rental
• Guided tours and tourist guides
• Travel agencies and other reservation services, including tour operators
and destination management companies (see travel trade section)
• Cultural services, e.g. museums, attractions
• Sports and recreational activities
• Retail

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 Major Components of the
Tourism Destination
1. accessibility, which is a function of distance from tourist
markets, and external transport and communications, which
enable a product to be reached;
2. amenities (e.g., catering, entertainment, internal transport, and
communications, which enable the tourist to move around
during his or her stay);
3. accommodation;
4. attractions, which may be site attractions (e.g., scenic,
historical, natural wonders) or event attractions (e.g.,
exhibitions, sporting events, congresses); and
5. activities (e.g., outdoor and indoor recreation activities).

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Forms of Tourism
1. Cultural tourism - It is also called as heritage tourism. People are curious to know
about foreign lands and their cultures. Culture is most important factors which attracts
tourists to a destination.
2. Religious tourism - It is also called as Pilgrimage tourism / Spiritual tourism. It is a form
of tourism, where people travel individually or in groups for pilgrimage. Modern
religious tourists are more able to visit holy cities and holy sites around the world.
3. Family Tourism - It involves the family unit and their participation in diverse forms of
tourism activity. This includes visiting one’s relatives and friends for interpersonal
reasons.
4. Health Tourism – It is also called as Medical tourism. Today, many people travel great
distances to exotic locations or health care facilities in faraway countries, in search of
medical treatment and care.

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5. Sports Tourism – It refers to travel which involves either
viewing or participating in a sporting event staying apart
from their usual environment.
6. Educational tourism - the main focus of the tour visiting
another country to learn about the culture, such as in
Student Exchange Programs and Study Tours, organizing
specialized lectures of the eminent personalities and for
research.
7. Business Tourism - The business traveler’s main motive
for travel is work.

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 Hospitality
◎ It is concerned with the provision of accommodation and catering
(food and beverage) services for guests.
◎ It also refers to the reception and entertainment of travelers, the way
they are treated by industry employees (with empathy, kindness, and
friendliness), and an overall concern for the traveler's well-being and
satisfaction.
◎ It is a broad category of fields within the service industry that includes
lodging, food and drink service, event planning, theme parks,
transportation, cruise line, traveling, airline and additional fields
within the tourism industry.

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 Sectors of the
Hospitality Industry
1. Food and Beverages – it is considered to be the
largest segment of the hospitality industry.
2. Travel and Tourism – it deals with services related to
moving people from one place to another.
3. Lodging – it means. accommodation for a period or
a place for one or more nights.
4. Recreation – it is any activity that people
do for rest, relaxation, and enjoyment.

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Characteristics of the
Hospitality Industry

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Three Managerial Roles in the
Hospitality Industry
1. Making the guests and visitors
feel really welcome
2. Making things work for the
guests and visitors
3. Making sure the process
continues to provide the best
service and make a high profit

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 Organization Structure in
Hospitality Industry Firms
General
Manager

Audit Front Desk Housekeeping Maintenance Sales

Structure of a Limited Service Hotel

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 Organization Structure in
Hospitality Industry Firms

Structure of a Limited Service Hotel

Structure of a Full-Service Hotel 18

 What are Products,
Goods, and Services?
• In the marketing literature, goods and services
are both described as products.
• In simple terms, tangible products are often
referred to as goods, while intangible products
are often referred to as services.
• Services are a different type of product than
goods
• Some products are a mixture of a tangible good
and intangible service.
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Four Distinct Categories of
Products
(1) purely tangible goods,
(2) tangible goods with accompanying intangible service
(3) a major intangible service with accompanying tangible goods,
and
(4) a pure intangible service
A pure good implies that no element of intangible service is
offered with the good the customer receives.
A pure service implies that there is no element of physical goods
in the service offered.

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 Services
• Services are provided in every sector of the economy: in
retailing, wholesaling, transportation, telecommunication,
finances, health, education, and many other sectors, including
tourism, hospitality, and leisure.
• All services are characterized by intangibility, perishability,
inseparability of production and consumption.
• In summary, the concept of service is multidimensional and
difficult to define and evaluate. It becomes a particularly
complex issue in high-contact service industries such as
tourism, hospitality, or leisure, which by themselves are
extremely difficult to define and explain.

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Scope of Hospitality and Tourism Industry

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 Travel
• It refers to the spatial displacement of people and the activities
of people taking trips to places outside their residence for any
purpose except daily commuting to and from work.
• It may be undertaken for tourism purposes, or other purposes
such as migration, commuting, or exploring.
• It includes both business and convention tourism as
distinguished from "pure" pleasure tourism.

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Leisure
◎ It is considered to be part of free time available to the
individual after necessary work and duties are
accomplished, to be spent at the discretion of the
individual.
◎ It refers to the time free from obligations, filled with
specific activities, without pressure of necessity.
◎ Often, leisure is used synonymously with recreation.

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 Recreation
• It refers to the experiences and activities (or inactivities)
undertaken during leisure time to recreate physically,
psychologically, spiritually, and mentally after work in order
to prepare the individual for future work.
• Recreation activities may include play, games, sports,
cultural functions, informal education, sightseeing,
entertainment, relaxation, and amusements, as well as
travel and tourism.
• Recreation is only possible during leisure time.

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ASSIGNMENT
1. In your own words, what is service?
2. In what way can you consider service as a quality service?
3. As a part of the hospitality industry, site some ways on how we
can ensure quality service to our guests.
4. How is quality service related to guest satisfaction?
5. Share your experience as a guest.
a. A situation where in you experience a quality service that
exceeded your expectations.
b. A situation where in you experience a service that does not
meet your expectations.

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