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Exercise

The document contains 15 multi-part questions related to calculus concepts such as derivatives, critical points, optimization, and Lagrange multipliers. The questions involve applying calculus to model real-world scenarios in economics, production, epidemics, and other domains. Calculus techniques are used to analyze rates of change, maximize quantities, and determine optimal allocation of resources.

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Thanh Tâm Lê
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86 views3 pages

Exercise

The document contains 15 multi-part questions related to calculus concepts such as derivatives, critical points, optimization, and Lagrange multipliers. The questions involve applying calculus to model real-world scenarios in economics, production, epidemics, and other domains. Calculus techniques are used to analyze rates of change, maximize quantities, and determine optimal allocation of resources.

Uploaded by

Thanh Tâm Lê
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Part I.

Answer with short explanations

Q1. An environmental study for a certain community indicates that there will be 𝑄(𝑝) = 𝑝 2 + 4𝑝 + 900
units of a harmful pollutant in the air when the population is 𝑝 thousand people. If the population is
currently 50,000 and is increasing at the rate of 1,500 per year, at what rate is the level of pollution
increasing?

Q2. When the price of a certain commodity is 𝑝 dollars per unit, consumers demand 𝑥 hundred units of
the commodity, where

75𝑥 2 + 17𝑝 2 = 5,300

How fast is the demand 𝑥 changing with respect to time when the price is $7 and is decreasing at the
𝑑𝑝
rate of 75 cents per month? (That is, = −0.75.)
𝑑𝑡

Q3. An epidemiologist determines that a particular epidemic spreads in such a way that 𝑡 weeks after
the outbreak, 𝑁 hundred new cases will be reported, where

5𝑡
𝑁(𝑡) =
12 + 𝑡 2

a. Find 𝑁 ′ (𝑡) and 𝑁 ′′ (𝑡).


b. At what time is the epidemic at its worst? What is the maximum number of reported new cases?

Q4. Find the critical numbers of 𝑓(𝑥) and classify each as corresponding to a relative maximum, a
relative minimum, or neither, with 𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = 𝑥 2 (4 − 𝑥 2 )

Q5. A Florida citrus grower estimates that if 60 orange trees are planted, the average yield per tree will
be 400 oranges. The average yield will decrease by 4 oranges per tree for each additional tree planted
on the same acreage. How many trees should the grower plant to maximize the total yield?

480
Q6. For speeds between 40 and 65 miles per hour, a truck gets miles per gallon when driven at a
𝑥
constant speed of 𝑥 miles per hour. Diesel gasoline costs $3.90 per gallon, and the driver is paid $19.50
per hour. What is the most economical constant speed between 40 and 65 miles per hour at which to
drive the truck?

Q7. Suppose that the demand equation for a certain commodity is 𝑞 = 200 − 2𝑝 2 (for 0 ≤ 𝑝 ≤ 10 ).
At what price is the elasticity of demand equal to 1 ?

Q8. A postal clerk comes to work at 6 A.M. and 𝑡 hours later has sorted approximately 𝑓(𝑡) = −𝑡 3 +
7𝑡 2 + 200𝑡 letters. At what time during the period from 6 A.M. to 10 A.M. is the clerk performing at
peak efficiency?

Q9. Find the second partials (including the mixed partials). 𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦) = 5𝑥 4 𝑦 3 + 2𝑥𝑦
Q10. The demand functions for a pair of commodities are given. Use partial derivatives to determine
whether the commodities are substitute, complementary, or neither.
𝐷1 = 500 − 6𝑝1 + 5𝑝2
𝐷2 = 200 + 2𝑝1 − 5𝑝2

Q11. The demand for a certain product is 𝑄(𝑥, 𝑦) = 200 − 10𝑥 2 + 20𝑥𝑦

units per month, where 𝑥 is the price of the product and 𝑦 is the price of a competing product. It is
estimated that 𝑡 months from now, the price of the product will be

𝑥(𝑡) = 10 + 0.5𝑡

dollars per unit while the price of the competing product will be

𝑦(𝑡) = 12.8 + 0.2𝑡 2

dollars per unit.


a. At what rate will the demand for the product be changing with respect to time 4 months from now?
100𝑄 ′(𝑡)
b. At what percentage rate will the demand for the product be changing with respect to time 4
𝑄(𝑡)
months from now?

Q12. The annual productivity of a certain country is

−2
𝑄(𝐾, 𝐿) = 150[0.4𝐾 −1/2 + 0.6𝐿−1/2 ]

units, where 𝐾 is capital expenditure in millions of dollars and 𝐿 measures the labor force in thousands
of worker-hours. Find the marginal productivity of capital 𝑄𝐾 and the marginal productivity of labor 𝑄𝐿.

Part II. Answer with full explanations

Q13. The output at a certain plant is

𝑄(𝑥, 𝑦) = 0.08𝑥 2 + 0.12𝑥𝑦 + 0.03𝑦 2

units per day, where 𝑥 is the number of hours of skilled labor used and 𝑦 is the number of hours of
unskilled labor used. Currently, 80 hours of skilled labor and 200 hours of unskilled labor are used each
1
day. Use calculus to estimate the change in output that will result if an additional hour of skilled labor
2
is used each day, along with an additional 2 hours of unskilled labor.

Q14. Find all critical points for the function 𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦) = 𝑥 3 − 𝑦 3 + 6𝑥𝑦 and classify each as a relative
maximum, a relative minimum, or a saddle point.

Q15. When 𝑥 thousand dollars are spent on labor and 𝑦 thousand on equipment, the output of a certain
factory is 𝑄 units, where

𝑄(𝑥, 𝑦) = 60𝑥 1/3 𝑦 2/3


Suppose $120,000 is available for labor and equipment.
a. How should the money be allocated between labor and equipment to generate the largest possible
output?
b. Use the Lagrange multiplier 𝜆 to estimate the change in the maximum output of the factory that will
result if the money available for labor and equipment is increased to $121,000.

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