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Chapter 5 PDF

The document discusses various methods and calculations for volumetric analysis, including direct and back titration. It provides formulas for calculating concentration of a solute from titration data, and examples involving titration of bases with acids and vice versa. Methods covered include Kjeldahl nitrogen determination and acid-base titrations using indicators. Sample problems demonstrate calculations for determining percentages of compounds from titration results.

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Jun Elbert Jaboli
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291 views11 pages

Chapter 5 PDF

The document discusses various methods and calculations for volumetric analysis, including direct and back titration. It provides formulas for calculating concentration of a solute from titration data, and examples involving titration of bases with acids and vice versa. Methods covered include Kjeldahl nitrogen determination and acid-base titrations using indicators. Sample problems demonstrate calculations for determining percentages of compounds from titration results.

Uploaded by

Jun Elbert Jaboli
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 11

3/13/2023

CALCULATIONS IN VOLUMETRIC ANALYSIS

Formula:

Direct Titration

%w/w or % w/v = ml x N x meq wt x 100


Sample wt or vol

1. A 50.0 ml sample of calcium hydroxide


solution required 19.50ml of a 0.1050 N
Hydrochloric acid solution to neutralize
it. Calculate the amount of Ca(OH)2 in 100
ml of the solution (%w/v).

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3/13/2023

2.What weight of 98.5% KHC6H4O4 is


equivalent to:

2.1. 35 ml of 0.01N NaOH


2.2. 35 ml of 0.1M Ba(OH)2

3. A 50.0 ml sample calcium hydroxide required 19.50ml


of 0.1050N hydrochloric acid in a titration.
Calculate:

3.1.) the Ca(OH)2 concentration in %w/v


3.2.) the amount of Ca(OH)2 in the 50.00 ml sample

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3/13/2023

4. If 25.00ml of a sodium hydroxide solution required


40.00 ml of a sulfuric acid solution in a titration,
and 25.00 ml of the sulfuric acid solution were
required in the titration of 0.3060g of pure sodium
carbonate, what was the normality of the sodium
hydroxide solution?

CHAPTER 4: ACIDIMETRIC ANALYSIS

Titrant → ACID
Analyte → BASE

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3/13/2023

Direct Titration

→ is conducted by introducing a standard acid


solution gradually from a buret into a solution of
the base being assayed until chemically equivalent
amounts of each have reacted as shown by some
change in properties of the mixture

→ such an end point, which must be close to the


stoichiometric point, is made evident by a change in
the color of some indicator or by
potentiometric means

CALCULATIONS:

1. If exactly 3.0g of NaHCO3 is dissolved in 25ml of


water. What will be the normality of the solution?

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3/13/2023

2. If a 0.2800g sample of sodium bicarbonate (96.5%


NaHCO3) is titrated with 0.9165 N sulfuric acid, what
volume of the acid should be required to produce an
end point?

3. In titration of a 1.0900-g sample of sodium


carbonate (98.5%)Na2CO3) with 0.9050N sulfuric acid,
what volumes would be necessary to produce:
a. phenolphthalein end point

b. methyl orange end point

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3/13/2023

TITER → defined as the weight of a substance


chemically equivalent to 1ml of a standard solution

Titer value = eq.wt x ml of standard solutions x 1000

Ex:

Calculate the titer value of Ca(OH)2 for 0.1N


Hydrochloric acid.

Calculate the following titer values for 1N sulfuric


acid: 1N = 0.001
a. KHCO3
b. K2CO3
c. CaCO3

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3/13/2023

Residual Titration
→ AKA: Back Titration
→ frequently used when a reaction proceeds slowly or
when the substance to be assayed does not give a
distinct, sharp end point with an indicator by direct
titration
→ is used whenever the end point of a direct
titration deviates appreciably from the
stoichiometric points for some reason
→ e.g., when the basic sample is insoluble in water
and the rate of its reaction with the standard acid
is relatively slow

Formula:

% (compound) = (mla x N) – (mlb x N) x 100


Sample wt

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3/13/2023

Sample problem:

1.What weight of strontium acetate containing 99%


Sr(CH3COO)2.1/2 H2O must be used as sample in an assay according
to the general method for alkali salts of organic acids if,
after treatment of the ash with 50.00 ml of 0.5162N
Hydrochloric acid, it is desirable to consume 30.00 ml of
0.4675N sodium hydroxide in the back titration?

2.A mixture of sodium bicarbonate and potassium sodium


tartrate was assayed for NaHCO3 and KNaC4H4O6.4H2O. A
2.2440-g sample was treated with 20.00ml of 0.5N
sulfuric acid and the mixture titrated to a
phenolphthalein end point with 6.17ml of 0.5N sodium
hydroxide. A 1.8760-g sample was ignited, the ash
taken up in 50.0 ml of 0.5N sulfuric acid, and the
mixture titrated to a methyl orange end point with
19.84 ml of 0.5N sodium hydroxide. Calculate the
NaHCO3 and KNaC4H4O6.4H2O content of the material.

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3/13/2023

NOTE!!!

BORIC ACID
→ weak acid
→ a 0.1M solution has a pH of 5.1
→ it has no effect on such indicators as
bromocresol green or methyl red, and a sharp end
point results when the solution is titrated with a
quantity of standard sulfuric acid or hydrochloric
acid equivalent to the ammonia resulting from
complete hydrolysis of ammonium metaborate.

Nitrogen Determination by the KJELDAHL METHOD

Kjeldahl method

→ applied widely in the analysis of proteins of food,


fertilizer, blood, etc.

→ since the proportion of nitrogen in proteins is fairly


constant, multiplication of the percent nitrogen found by a
factor, 6.25, provides a rather accurate estimate of the
proportion of protein in the sample

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3/13/2023

NITROGEN
→ 1 gram-atomic weight = 14.01g
→ each milliliter of 0.5N acid is equivalent to ½ meq or
0.007005 g

In the USP and NF: detailed directions for determination


of total nitrogen are given:

METHOD I → Macromethod
→ in which the ammonia is distilled into excess
boric acid solution (1 in 25)

METHOD II → Semimicromethod
→ smaller samples are employed using a semimicro
Kjeldahl apparatus

SAMPLE PROBLEMS:

1. The ammonia from a 6.1500-g sample of an organic


nitrogen compound was distilled into 50.00ml of
0.1246N sulfuric acid, and the mixture was titrated
with 22.42ml of 0.0962N sodium hydroxide. Calculate
the percentage of nitrogen in the sample.

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3/13/2023

2. Calculate the percent CH4N2O in a 0.5000-g


sample of urea, if 15.35 ml of 0.4967 N sodium
hydroxide were required in the titration after
the ammonia from the sample had been distilled
into 50.00ml of 0.4861 N sulfuric acid.

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