Full stack developer interview questions and answers for freshers

1. What is full-stack web development?

Full stack development: This is the process of creating a web application’s front end
(client side) and back end (server-side).

 Web developers who can construct full-featured websites and web applications are
known as full-stack developers. They are involved with the frontend, backend,
database, and debugging of websites and web apps.

2. What are the languages and technologies used to do Full Stack web
development?

 The Languages and technologies used to do full-stack web development are as

follows:

 A. HTML– HTML is the very foundation of creating web pages. It’s a language we
use to Design the structure of the page. Which is then displayed on the web browser.

B. CSS– It is the language used to style a relatively boring HTML document. Using
CSS, we can alter the text font, color, size, and spacing, split pages into multiple
columns, and add animations and many other decorative features.

C. JavaScript– JavaScript is the language used across the world to create an

advanced interactive website that responds differently to different user interactions. It
has various essential frameworks and libraries; these are the pre-written codes and
syntaxes one can use directly with little tweaks.

D. Python– It’s a widely used language with simple syntax and easy-to-read code
(almost close to English).  Google uses it for the backend services. It has a wide range
of Frameworks like Django, Pyramid, and Flask.
 E. JavaScript– It can also be used to develop Backend technology. Key Frameworks
include Node.js, which is considered revolutionary among backend developers.

F. Java– It is most popular due to its high scalability. Java brings the concept of
Multi-threading, which can handle multiple requests independently and efficiently.

J. SQL(Structured Query Language)- This is where our database is used for analysis
and manipulation. It is an excellent tool for performing complex Operations on the
Data.

To get an insight into what comprises a Full stack Web development click here.

3. How Does Java Achieve Platform Independence?

The process from typing a program to getting the output can be divided into 2 Phases
i.e

     Compilation phase
     Execution phase.

Java is platform-independent as it will not expect the platform of execution and

platform of compilation to be the same.

 Java source code is provided to the Java compiler, which converts the HLL(High-
level Language) to bytecode which is neither HLL nor MLL(Machine Level
Language). This byte code is given to Java Virtual Machine(JVM) which converts it
to MLL.

Click here  to know more about Java’s features and applications.
4. Can the main method be overloaded?

Yes, it is possible to overload the main method. There can be as many overloaded
main methods as you want.

However, JVM will only call the main method with the definition:

public static void main(String[] args)  

Example

public class Demo{

         public static void main(String[] args) {

                     System.out.println(“Main Method”);

         }

         public static void main(int[] args) {

                     System.out.println(“overloaded Main Method with integer array”); 

         }
                      public static void main(int) {

                     System.out.println(“overloaded Main Method with integer”); 

         }     

 5. Why is Java not a pure Object Oriented language?

Java is an impure object-oriented programming language because it supports

primitive data types.

You may be wondering; does it really matter if java is pure or impure object-oriented?

To understand this, you must know an important fact about primitive data types.
Primitive data types are not treated as objects in the java.

 6. What is overloading in java?

Method Overloading is a feature that allows a class to have more than one method
having the same name but the arguments lists of the methods must differ in either of
these

 Number of Parameters

For example:

sum(int a, int b)

sum(int a, int b, int c)

 Data Type of parameters

 For example:

sum(int a, int b)

sum(float a, float b)

 Sequence of the data type of parameters

For example:

sum(int a, float b)

sum(float a, int b)

7. What do you mean by batch processing in JDBC?

Batch Processing is the process of executing multiple queries in one transaction. For
example, consider loading data from files to database tables. Here instead of using
statements or prepared statements, you can make use of batch processing which
executes the bulk of queries in one transaction.

Advantages:

It makes performance fast

Batch Processing is achieved using addBatch() and executeBatch() methods.

 8. What are the ways in which CSS can be integrated into a website?

There are three ways to apply CSS to the HTML page they are:

 INLINE CSS: AN inline CSS is used to apply a unique style to a single HTML
element. It uses the style attribute of an HTML element
 Internal CSS: Internal CSS is used to define a style for a single HTML page. An
internal CSS is defined in the <head> section of an HTML page, within an <style>
element
 External CSS: An external style sheet is used to define the style for many HTML
pages. To use an external style sheet, add a link to it in <head> section of each
HTML page

9. What do you mean by CSS Selectors?

CSS Selectors are used to selecting the content you want to style. CSS selectors are
used to select HTML elements based on their element name, id, and attributes. It can
select one or more elements simultaneously.  

 10. What is Database? 

 A database is an organized collection of data or information. It supports electronic

storage and manipulation of data.

For Example:
Let us consider Instagram. It needs to store, manipulate and display data related to
users, followers, following, activities, messages, etc.

Let us consider Amazon i.e E-commerce website. It needs to store, manipulate and
display data related to products, carts, orders, returns, etc.

11. What are the subsets of SQL?

 DDL(Data Definition Language): DDL consists of SQL commands that can be used
to define the database schema. It deals with the description of the database and is used
to modify the structure of database objects in the database.

For Example:
Consider the Instagram database.

Creating the database of Instagram, deleting it, modifying its structure by adding new
fields to the existing database and removing all users from it.

DML(Data Manipulation Language): DML manipulates the data present in the

database.

For Example:

New users created an account on Instagram then their details will get stored in the
database, changing the bio, changing the caption of posts, and deleting the account all
these deal with the data/ information present inside the database.

DCL (Data Control Language): DCL commands help to provide or revoke access to
the database system.

12 What is a call-back in JavaScript?

In JavaScript, a call-back is a function that is supplied as an argument into another

function, which is then asked to perform some kind of action or procedure inside the
outer function. Call-back functions in JavaScript can be used both synchronously and
asynchronously. The node’s APIs are designed to handle callbacks in all cases.

 13 What does ACID mean in Database systems?

 ACID stands for Atomicity, Consistency, Isolation, and Durability. A common set of
characteristics that guarantee reliable database transaction processing is referred to as
ACID in database systems.

14 What is an Application server?

 A software architecture known as an application server enables the development of

both server environments and web apps. It includes a thorough service layer concept,
supports a number of protocols, and uses several APIs (API).

 15 How to achieve encapsulation in java?

In Java, encapsulation refers to the combination of code (methods) and data

(variables) into a single entity. A class’s variables are protected by encapsulation so
that only the methods of the class in which they are found can access them.

Encapsulation can be achieved with the help of private keywords and control access
can be given with the help of setters and getters.
  16 What is CORS?

Cross-Origin Resource Sharing is referred to as CORS. We employ this procedure to

establish the control of diverse online resources over numerous domains. With CORS,
the integration of web scripts with external content from the native domain is carried
out more easily.

 17 What are some new trends in Full Stack web Development?

The new trends in full-stack web development are as follows:

     Progressive Web Applications

     Blockchain
     Artificial Intelligence
     IoT
     Mixed reality

 18 What are the pros of learning Java?

 The advantages of Java are as follows:

 It’s simple to learn Java: Java is simpler to write, compile, debug, and learn than
other programming languages since it was created to be simple to use.
 Java is Object-oriented: This enables the development of modular applications and
code that can be reused.
 Java works across all platforms: Java’s ease of transition from one computer system
to another is one of its most important benefits. Software for the World Wide Web
must be able to operate on a variety of platforms, and Java achieves this by being
platform-independent at both the source and binary levels.
 Numerous employment options: There is a great demand for programmers who are
proficient in Java. The widely used programming language keeps adding jobs to the
computer sector. Additionally, as Android apps gain popularity, there are an
increasing number of chances for Android developers who create native Java apps.
 Strong community backing: Around 10 million Java developers work in different
countries. The Java community is constantly expanding. Expert java programmers
constantly assist new ones on forums like StackOverflow, where Java is present.

19 What are the pillars of object orientation? 

The majority of programming languages used today use object-oriented programming,

which is the process of creating classes and objects to organise code. Object-oriented
programming is based on four principal pillars: polymorphism, inheritance,
encapsulation, and abstraction.

20  What are the pros of learning SQL?

 Helpful in Handling Huge Amounts of Structured Data

 A Useful Tool for Data Analytics
 A Programming Language Not Only Limited To Programming Tasks
 It can help you crack a high-paying job.
 It can help with Data Mining.
 21  What is polymorphism and how to achieve it in Java?

Java supports polymorphism in two different ways.

     Method overriding and

     Method overloading

 Method overloading can be used to accomplish compile-time polymorphism.

While method overriding can be used to achieve run-time polymorphism. 

22 What is exception handling?

Runtime errors like ClassNotFoundException, IOException, SQLException,

RemoteException, etc. can be handled using a process called exception handling.

An exception in Java is a circumstance that prevents the program’s regular flow. It is

an object that is thrown during runtime.

Maintaining the application’s regular flow is the major benefit of exception handling.
We must manage exceptions since they typically impede the application’s usual flow.

23 What is JDBC? Why Do You Need JDBC?

 JAVA DATABASE Connectivity is a java API, which is used to connect and

interact with Databases to retrieve, manipulate and process the data using SQL.

WHY?

To save output of a Java program in a file FileHandling is used. But even though file
handling was a good approach, it had its own disadvantages when it comes to storing
data or storing databases since databases can’t be stored inside a file and hence it had
the following disadvantages-
 Cannot store data in tabular form
 Multiple files cannot be related to each other i.e., we cannot store the data in the form
of
 Relational Database.

JDBC in java

To become a successful java developer, we should know how to establish a relation

between the java program and the RDBMS. To establish this relation/data flow, we
should have a connectivity called JDBC.

Conclusion

Regardless of your level of experience, no employer would anticipate that you would
know everything. However, it’s crucial to prepare for the interview and demonstrate
your interest in the position. At the same time, being truthful and open will always be
beneficial.

Tap Academy offers a complete Full Stack Development course and real-world
projects and drives for guaranteed employments are conducted after every lesson until
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With the aid of Augmented Reality and gamification technologies, Rohit Sir explains
the ideas in a comprehensive Full Stack Development course in the most
straightforward and aesthetically appealing ways possible. While the teaching is at an
elite level and the features of Tap Academy are unique to others. We take pride in
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