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Reinfore Concrete (Canadian) PDF

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249 views766 pages

Reinfore Concrete (Canadian) PDF

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Janis Kalns
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Reinforced BONUS CD-ROM INSIDE Reinforced Concrete Design A PRACTICAL APPROACH UPDATED EDITION SVETLANA BRZEV JOHN PAO BONUS CD-ROM INSIDE Taken from: Reinforced Concrete Design: A Practical Approach by Svetlana Brzev and John Pao Custom Publishing New York Boston San Francisco London Toronto Sydney Tokyo Singapore Madrid Mexico City Munich Paris CapeTown HongKong Montreal Cover photo courtesy of Svetlana Brzev Taken from: Reinforced Concrete Design: A Practical Approach by Svetlana Brzev and John Peo Copyright © 2006 by Pearson Education Canada, Inc Published by Prentice Hall Toronto, Ontario Copyright © 2009 by Pearson Custom Publishing All rights reserved, Permission in writing must be obtained from the publisher before any part of this work may be reproduced or ‘transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and recording, or by any information storage or retrieval system. All trademarks, service marks, registered trademarks, and registered service marks are the property oftheir respective owners and are used herein for identification purposes only. Printed in Canada w987654321 2009780003 MH Pearson Custom Publishing isa division of tse) ISBN 10: 0358-20242-0 wopersonhigheredcom ISN 13 9780-58 3082-6 CHAPTER 1 1 12 13 1.4 15 1.6 a7 1.8 Note to the Reader Preface CONCRETE BASICS INTRODUCTION CONCRETE AS A BUILDING MATERIAL 1.2.1. A Historical Overview 1.2.2 Concrete 1.2.3. Reinforced Concrete 1.2.4 Prestressed Concrete REINFORCED CONCRETE BUILDINGS: STRUCTURAL COMPONENTS AND SYSTEMS 1.3.1 Structural Components 1.3.2 Structural Systems 13.3 How Loads Flow Through a Building DESIGN OF REINFORCED CONCRETE STRUCTURES 1.4.1 Design Considerations 1.4.2 Design Process CONSTRUCTION OF REINFORCED CONCRETE STRUCTURES 1.5.1 Construction Process 15.2 Construction Methods CANADIAN DESIGN CODES AND STANDARDS FOR CONCRETE STRUCTURES Types of Loads Dead Load Live Load Snow Load Wind Load Earthquake Load Practical Considerations Related to Load Calculations THE LIMIT STATES DESIGN METHOD Limit States Ultimate Limit States Serviceability Limit States Fire Resistance Durability 4 “ 16 a a 19 a a a 2B 26 2% 25 5 a 8 28 2B 31 31 32 iti iv 1.9 1.10 at CHAPTER 2 24 2.2 23 24 25 26 CHAPTER 3 3a 3.2 TABLE OF CONTENTS MAJOR REVISIONS IN NBC 2005 RELATED TO STRUCTURAL DESIGN 32 ACCURACY IN DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION 33 1.10.1 Research Studies Versus Real-Life Design Applications 33 1.10.2 Accuracy of Calculations 33 USE OF COMPUTER-AIDED DESIGN TOOLS 35 ‘Summary and Review — Concrete Basics 36 Problems 39 MATERIALS 41 INTRODUCTION a CONCRETE MATERIALS AND PRODUCTION 4a 2.2.1 Portland Cement and Supplementary Materials 42 2.2.2 Water and Water-Cement Ratio 43 2.2.3 Air bh 2.2.4 Aggregates 44 2.2.5 Admixtures 45 2.2.6 Concrete Mix Design and Fresh Concrete 46 2.2.7 Hardened Concrete 46 PROPERTIES OF HARDENED CONCRETE 48 2.3.1 Compressive Strength 48 2.3.2 Tensile Strength 49 2.3.3 Shear Strength 50 2.3.4 Modulus of Elasticity 50 2.3.5 Creep 53 2.3.6 Shrinkage 55 2.3.7 Temperature Effects 58 2.3.8 Mass Density 58 2.3.9 Poisson's Ratio 59 DURABILITY OF CONCRETE 59 FIRE-RESISTANCE REQUIREMENTS Gt REINFORCEMENT 62 2.6.1 Types of Reinforcement 62 2.6.2 Mechanical Properties of Steel 683 2.6.3 Deformed Bars 64 2.6.4 Welded Wire Fabric 66 Summary and Review — Materials 0 Problems 70 FLEXURE: BEHAVIOUR OF BEAMS AND ONE-WAY SLABS 12 INTRODUCTION TYPES OF FLEXURAL MEMBERS n 3 33 34 35 3.6 37 3.8 CHAPTER 4 4a 42 43 TABLE OF CONTENTS GENERAL ASSUMPTIONS RELATED TO FLEXURE IN REINFORCED CONCRETE BEAMS AND SLABS 3.3.1 Notation 3.3.2 Limit States Design Assumptions 3.3.3 Factored Material Strength 3.3.4 Equivalent Rectangular Stress Distribution in Concrete BEHAVIOUR OF REINFORCED CONCRETE BEAMS IN FLEXURE 3.4.1 Unreinforced Beams 3.4.2 Reinforced Beams 3.4.3 Failure Modes Characteristic of Reinforced Concrete Flexural Members MOMENT RESISTANCE OF RECTANGULAR BEAMS WITH TENSION STEEL ONLY 3.5.1 Properly Reinforced Beams (Steel-Controlled Failure) 3.5.2 Overreinforced Beams (Concrete-Controlled Failure) 35.3 Balanced Condition FLEXURAL RESISTANCE OF ONE-WAY SLABS 3.6.1 One-Way and Two-Way Slabs 3.6.2 Moment Resistance of a One-Way Slab T-BEAMS. 3.7.1 Background 3.7.2 Flexural Resistance of T-Beams for Positive Bending 3.7.3 Flexural Resistance of T-Beams in Negative Bending RECTANGULAR BEAMS WITH TENSION AND COMPRESSION REINFORCEMENT 3.8.1 Background 3.8.2 Flexural Resistance of Doubly Reinforced Rectangular Beams Summary and Review — Flexure: Behaviour of Beams ‘and One-Way Slabs Problems SERVICEABILITY INTRODUCTION BEHAVIOUR OF REINFORCED CONCRETE FLEXURAL MEMBERS UNDER SERVICE LOADS PROPERTIES OF REINFORCED CONCRETE FLEXURAL MEMBERS UNDER SERVICE LOADS 4.3.1 Flexural Stiffness 4.3.2. Moment of Inertia 43.3 Gross Moment of Inertia 4.3.4 Cracked Moment of Inertia 4.3.5 Effective Moment of Inertia 6 6B 16 7 78 19 79 80 3 87 87 90 95 101 101 103 107 107 108 120 12 121 122 128 130 134 134 135 138 138 140 140 142 145 46 45 46 47 48 CHAPTER 5 5A 5.2 53 54 55 TABLE OF CONTENTS. DEFLECTIONS IN REINFORCED CONCRETE FLEXURAL MEMBERS Background Immediate Deflections 4.4.3 Long-Term Deflections CSA A23.3 DEFLECTION CONTROL REQUIREMENTS 4.5.1 Background 45.2 Indirect Approach 45.3 Allowable Deflections DEFLECTION CALCULATION PROCEDURES 4.6.1 Background 4.6.2 Deflections in Simply Supported Flexural Members 4.6.3 Deflections in Continuous Flexural Members CAUSES OF CRACKING IN REINFORCED CONCRETE STRUCTURES 4.7.1 Plastic Settlement 4.1.2 Shrinkage 41.3 Corrosion 4.1.4 Weathering 4.7.5 Structural Distress 4.7.6 Poor Construction Practices 47.7 Crack Width CSA A23.3 CRACKING CONTROL REQUIREMENTS 4.8.1 Skin Reinforcement — Beams and Slabs Summary and Review — Serviceability Problems FLEXURE: DESIGN OF BEAMS AND ONE-WAY SLABS INTRODUCTION GENERAL DESIGN REQUIREMENTS DETAILING REQUIREMENTS 5.3.1 Concrete Cover 5.3.2 Bar Spacing Requirements 5.3.3 Computation of the Effective Beam Depth Based on the Detailing Requirements PRACTICAL GUIDELINES FOR THE DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF BEAMS AND ONE-WAY SLABS 5.4.1 Design Guidelines 5.4.2 Construction Considerations and Practices DESIGN PROCEDURES FOR RECTANGULAR BEAMS AND SLABS WITH TENSION STEEL ONLY 5.5.1 Direct Procedure 5.5.2 Iterative Procedure 146 ur 149 151 151 151 153, 153 153 155 160 173 14 174 475 176 176 176 a7 7 181 183 186 190 190 191 191 191 192 194 196 196 199 201 202 205 5.6 57 5.8 5.9 CHAPTER 6 6.1 6.2 6.3 6.4 65 6.6 TABLE OF CONTENTS DESIGN OF RECTANGULAR BEAMS WITH TENSION STEEL ONLY 5.6.1 CSA.A23.3 Flexural Design Provisions for Rectangular Beams with Tension Steel Only 5.6.2 Design of Rectangular Beams with Tension Steel Only: ‘Summary and a Design Example DESIGN OF ONE-WAY SLABS 5.7.1 CSA.A23.3 Flexural Design Provisions for One-Way Slabs 5.7.2 Design of One-Way Slabs: Summary and a Design Example DESIGN OF T-BEAMS 5.8.1 CSA A23.3 Flexural Design Provisions for T-Beams 5.8.2 Design of T-Beams: Summary and a Design Example DESIGN OF RECTANGULAR BEAMS WITH TENSION AND COMPRESSION REINFORCEMENT 5.9.1 CSA A23.3 Flexural Design Provisions for Beams with Tension and Compression Reinforcement 5.9.2 Design of Rectangular Beams with Tension and Compression Reinforcement: Summary and a Design Example ‘Summary and Review — Flexure: Design of Beams ‘and One-Way Slabs Problems SHEAR DESIGN OF BEAMS AND ONE-WAY SLABS 208 208 ae 220 20 222 230 230 232 262 202 203 256 256 260 eee INTRODUCTION BEHAVIOUR OF UNCRACKED CONCRETE BEAMS BEHAVIOUR OF REINFORCED CONCRETE BEAMS WITHOUT SHEAR REINFORCEMENT 6.3.1 Failure Modes 6.3.2 Shear Resistance of Cracked Beams BEHAVIOUR OF REINFORCED CONCRETE BEAMS WITH SHEAR REINFORCEMENT Types of Shear Reinforcement Effect of Shear Reinforcement Truss Analogy for Concrete Beams Failing in Shear Shear Resistance of Beams with Shear Reinforcement ‘SHEAR DESIGN ACCORDING TO CSA A23.3 General Design Philosophy ‘Simplified and General Methods for Shear Design Major Revisions in CSA AZ3.3-04 CSA AZ3.3 Requirements related to the Simplified Method for Shear Design SHEAR DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS. 260 261 264 264 268 270 270 272 273 215, an 27 a 278 278 285 67 6.8 6.9 6.10 CHAPTER 7 Ta 12 13 1 75 1.6 1 78 79 CHAPTER 8 81 82 8.3 TABLE OF CONTENTS, SHEAR DESIGN OF REINFORCED CONCRETE BEAMS ACCORDING TO THE CSA A23.3 SIMPLIFIED METHOD: SUMMARY AND DESIGN EXAMPLES ‘SHEAR DESIGN OF SIMPLE ONE-WAY SLABS DETAILING OF SHEAR REINFORCEMENT SHEAR FRICTION (INTERFACE SHEAR TRANSFER) 6.10.1 Background 6.10.2 CSA A23.3 Design Requirements Summary and Review — Shear Design of Beams and One-Way Slabs Problems TORSION INTRODUCTION TORSIONAL EFFECTS BEHAVIOUR OF CONCRETE BEAMS SUBJECTED TO TORSION TORSIONAL RESISTANCE OF REINFORCED CONCRETE BEAMS 7.4.1 Background 7.4.2 Torsional Resistance of Concrete 7.4.3 Ultimate Torsional Resistance of a Cracked Beam COMBINED TORSION, SHEAR, AND FLEXURE LOADS 7.5.1 Combined Shear and Torsion 7.5.2 Combined Flexure and Torsion CSA A23.3 REQUIREMENTS FOR THE SIMPLIFIED METHOD FOR TORSION DESIGN DETAILING OF TORSIONAL REINFORCEMENT TORSIONAL DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS DESIGN FOR TORSION PER THE CSA A23.3 SIMPLIFIED METHOD: SUMMARY AND A DESIGN EXAMPLE Summary and Review — Torsion Problems COLUMNS INTRODUCTION TYPES OF REINFORCED CONCRETE COLUMNS MAIN COMPONENTS OF A REINFORCED CONCRETE COLUMN 8.3.1 Longitudinal Reinforcement 8.3.2 Transverse Reinforcement 8.3.3 Concrete Core 288 303, 305, 306 306 308 311 312 316 316 316 317 319 319 320 321 324 324 325 327 329 331 332 361 342 345; 345, 346, 347 348, 348, 349 84 a5 8.6 87 8.9 8.10 ait 8.12 8.13 CHAPTER 9 94 9.2 9.3 9.4 TABLE OF CONTENTS COLUMN LOADS: CONCENTRICALLY VERSUS ECCENTRICALLY LOADED COLUMNS BEHAVIOUR OF REINFORCED CONCRETE SHORT COLUMNS AXIAL AND FLEXURAL LOAD RESISTANCE OF REINFORCED CONCRETE COLUMNS 8.6.1 Basic CSA A23.3 Column Design Assumptions 6.2 Axial Load Resistance of a Concentrically Loaded Short Column 8.6.3 Axial and Flexural Resistance of Eccentrically Loaded Reinforced Concrete Short Columns 8.6.4 Column Load Resistance Corresponding to the Balanced Condition COLUMN INTERACTION DIAGRAMS 8.7.1 Key Features 8.7.2 Development of a Column Interaction Diagram 8.7.3 Use of Column Interaction Diagrams in Column Design Applications CSA A23.3 COLUMN DESIGN REQUIREMENTS 8.8.1 Reinforcement Requirements PRACTICAL DESIGN GUIDELINES ‘A GENERAL COLUMN DESIGN PROCEDURE STRUCTURAL DRAWINGS AND DETAILS FOR REINFORCED CONCRETE COLUMNS INTRODUCTION TO SLENDER COLUMNS 8.12.1 Slenderness of Concrete Columns 8.12.2. Behaviour of Slender Columns—Instability Failures 8.12.3 When Slenderness Effects Should Be Considered 8.12.4 Analysis of Slender Columns in Nonsway Frames COLUMN LOADS IN MULTISTOREY BUILDINGS 8.13.1 Tributary Area 8.13.2 Live Load Reductions ‘Summary and Review — Columns Problems BOND AND ANCHORAGE OF REINFORCEMENT INTRODUCTION BOND IN REINFORCED CONCRETE FLEXURAL MEMBERS DEVELOPMENT LENGTH OF STRAIGHT BARS 9.3.1. Background 9.3.2 Development Length of Straight Reinforcing Bars in Tension 9.3.3 Development Length of Straight Bars in Compression STANDARD HOOKS IN TENSION ix 350 351 355 355, 355, 360 363, 366 366 369 372 381 381 387 388 393 395 395, 397 398 399 403, 403 403 406 409 411 a 412 a5 415 416 421 422 9.5 9.6 9.7 98, CHAPTER 10 10.1 10.2 10.3 10.4 TABLE OF CONTENTS HOOKS FOR STIRRUPS AND TIES BAR CUTOFFS IN SIMPLY SUPPORTED FLEXURAL MEMBERS Background, Theoretical Point of Cutoff Bar Extensions Bent Bars ANCHORAGE DESIGN FOR FLEXURAL REINFORCEMENT ACCORDING TO CSA A23.3 Revisions in CSA A23.3.04 General Anchorage Requirement Actual Point of Cutoff Development of Continuing Reinforcement Development of Positive Moment Reinforcement at Supports. Anchorage of Negative Moment Reinforcement into Supporting Members 9.7.7 Development of Negative Moment Reinforcement at Inflection Points 9.7.8 Development of Positive Moment Reinforcement at Zero Moment Locations 9.7.9 Flexural Tension Side CALCULATION OF BAR CUTOFF POINTS IN SIMPLY SUPPORTED FLEXURAL MEMBERS ACCORDING TO THE CSA A23.3 REQUIREMENTS SPLICES. 9.9.1 Background 9.9.2 Tension Splices 9.9.3 Compression Spices 9.9.4 Column Spices Summary and Review — Bond and Anchorage of Reinforcement Problems BEHAVIOUR AND ANALYSIS OF CONTINUOUS BEAMS AND SLABS INTRODUCTION FUNDAMENTAL CONCEPTS OF CONTINUOUS REINFORCED CONCRETE STRUCTURES 10.2.1 Simple Versus Continuous Structures 10.2.2 Stiffness Distribution in Continuous Structures LOAD PATTERNS SIMPLIFICATIONS IN THE ANALYSIS OF REINFORCED CONCRETE FRAME STRUCTURES 10.4.1 Actual Structure Versus Idealized Structural Model 10.4.2 Frame Model 10.4.3 Reduction of Bending Moments at the Supports 427 429 429 429 436 435, 435, 435 436 436 437 437 431 438 439 442 446 451 451 452 454 454 456 459 462 462 463 463 465 469 416 416 476 an 10.5 10.6 10.7 10.8 10.9 CHAPTER 11 wa 11.2 11.3 11.4 115 TABLE OF CONTENTS ANALYSIS METHODS FOR CONTINUOUS REINFORCED CONCRETE STRUCTURES ‘APPROXIMATE FRAME ANALYSIS BEHAVIOUR OF CRACKED CONTINUOUS REINFORCED CONCRETE FLEXURAL MEMBERS 10.7.1 Background 10.7.2 Elastic Versus Inelastic Behaviour 10.7.3. The Effect of Reinforcement Distribution in the Postcracking Stage ANALYSIS OF CRACKED CONTINUOUS REINFORCED CONCRETE FLEXURAL MEMBERS 10.8.1 Background 10.8.2 Computer-Aided Iterative Analysis of Cracked Continuous Reinforced Concrete Structures 480 481 487 487 481 491 491 492 497 503 504 508 508 510 510 510 512 516 518 MOMENT REDISTRIBUTION PROCESS ACCORDING TO CSA A23.3 Summary and Review — Behaviour and Analysis of Continuous Beams and Slabs Problems DESIGN OF CONTINUOUS BEAMS, SLABS, AND FLOOR SYSTEMS INTRODUCTION FLOOR SYSTEMS IN CAST-IN-PLACE CONCRETE CONSTRUCTION 11.2.1 Background 11.2.2 One-Way Joist Floor System 11.2.3 Slab-Beam-and-Girder Floor System 11.2.4 Slab Band Floor System 11.2.5 Cost Considerations ‘A DESIGN CASE STUDY OF A SLAB-AND-BEAM FLOOR SYSTEM DETAILING OF FLEXURAL REINFORCEMENT IN CONTINUOUS BEAMS AND SLABS 11.4.1 Background 11.6.2 Bar Cutoffs in Continuous Members According to the CSA A23.3, Requirements 11.4.3. Practical Detailing Considerations for Flexural Reinforcement in Continuous Beams and Slabs STRUCTURAL DRAWINGS AND SPECIFICATIONS 11.5.1 Background 11.5.2 Sample Drawings for the Floor Design Case Study Summary and Review — Design of Continuous Beams, Slabs, ‘and Floor Systems Problems 519 542 542 543 560 562 562 565 568 569 CHAPTER 12 12.1 12.2 12.3 12.4 12.5 12.6 12.7 12.8 12.9 12.10 1244 12.42 CHAPTER 13 13.4 13.2 13.3 TABLE OF CONTENTS. FOUNDATIONS INTRODUCTION TYPES OF FOUNDATIONS GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEERING CONSIDERATIONS. 12.3.1. Soil Bearing Capacity 12.3.2 Foundation Depth 12.3.3 Allowable and Factored Soil Bearing Pressure CSA A23.3 FOOTING DESIGN REQUIREMENTS 32.4.1. Shear Design 124.2. Flexural Design PRACTICAL DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION GUIDELINES STRIP FOOTINGS SPREAD FOOTINGS 12.7.1 Manual Design Procedure 12.7.2 Design of Spread Footings Using Computer Spreadsheets ECCENTRICALLY LOADED FOOTINGS COMBINED FOOTINGS LOAD TRANSFER FROM COLUMN INTO FOOTING 12.10.1 Bearing Strength 12,10.2 Load Transfer at the Base of Reinforced Concrete Columns 12.10.3 Load Transfer at the Base of Steel Columns STRUCTURAL DRAWINGS AND DETAILS FOR REINFORCED CONCRETE FOOTINGS SLAB ON GRADE 12.12.1 Background 12.12.2 Loads 12.12.3 Design of Slabs on Grade 12.124 Joints Summary and Review — Foundations Problems WALLS INTRODUCTION TYPES OF WALLS GENERAL DESIGN AND DETAILING REQUIREMENTS 13.3.1 Revisions in CSA A23.3.04 13.3.2 CSA A23.3 Reinforcement Requirements 13.3.3 Wall Thickness 573 573 57% 576 576 578 578 581 581 586 591 594 602 602 6 614 627 636 636 637 639 643 646 646 647 6468 650 652 654 659 659 659 664 664 664 667 13.4 13.5 13.6 13.7 13.8 APPENDIX A AA A A3 APPENDIX B TABLE OF CONTENTS, BEARING WALLS BASEMENT WALLS 13.5.1, Background 13.5.2 Loads 13.5.3 Construction Considerations 13.5.4 Design SHEAR WALLS 13.6.1. Background 13.6.2 Loads and Load Path 13.6.3 Behaviour and Failure Modes 13.6.4 Design of Flexural Shear Walls STRUCTURAL DRAWINGS AND DETAILS FOR REINFORCED CONCRETE WALLS JOINTS Summary and Review — Walls Problems DESIGN AIDS DESIGN AIDS UNITS BEAM LOAD DIAGRAMS NOTATION References Index vii 667 676 616 67 619 679 690 690 1 693, 697 710 m3 m4 nr 720 720 126 729 rt 39 741 While the authors have tried to be as accurate as possible, they cannot be held responsible for the designs of others that might be based on the material presented in this book. The ‘material included in this book is intended for the use of design professionals who are com- petent to evaluate the significance and limitations of its contents and recommendations and able to accept responsibility for its application. The authors disclaim any and all responsi bility forthe applications of the stated principles and for the accuracy of any of the material included in the book. ‘The authors are pleased to announce the revised printing of the Reinforced Concrete Design: A Practical Approach, the only Canadian textbook which covers the design of reinforced concrete structural members in accordance with the CSA Standard A23.3-04 Design of Concrete Structures and the National Building Code of Canada 2005. Since its initial release in November 2005, the book has been well received by students and profes- sors at Canadian universities and colleges. The authors have been commended for their practical approach to the subject. Fundamental concepts related to the behaviour and design of reinforced concrete ‘members and simple structural systems are outlined in this book. The authors believe that when the fundamentals of reinforced concrete design are understood from a proper perspective, design in reinforced concrete can represent one of the most interesting and ‘creative tasks facing a designer. APPROACH ‘The authors believe thatthe structural designer should thoroughly understand the funda- ‘mental concepts before using them in a design, However, « good structural design should strike a balance between sound design concepts and feasibility from a practical field implementation perspective. Therefore, this book highlights the important aspects of rein- forced concrete design from the point of view ofall important stakeholders, including the owner, architect, contractor, rebar installer, and supplier, and discusses their role in the design and construction of a particular structure. “The material in this book is presented in the logical order in which a structural design ‘would be performed in practice. The topics are covered at different levels of complexity. “The book takes a non-calculus-based, practical approach to the analysis and design of rein- forced concrete members rather than a rigorous theoretical approach, Moder analysis and design procedures consistent with design practice have been used. The book contains many ‘numerical examples solved in a step-by-step format, Metric (SI) units have been used throughout the book. The book is a collaborative effort between an academic and a practising engineer and reflects their unique perspectives on the subject. It is recommended for college and University students taking reinforced concrete design courses in the arcas of civil engineer- ing and architecture; however, it may also be used by practising professionals interested in reviewing familiar topies oF gaining insight into new topics. The authors have attempted to help the reader understand the design of reinforced concrete buildings and their components in an efficient and accurate manner. The practical recommendations related to the design and construction of reinforced concrete components offered in the book are largely based on the authors’ own experiences. Itis the authors’ hope that this book will provide practical insight into reinforced concrete design early on in a designer's professional life. CONTENTS ‘This book covers the design of the main reinforced concrete structural members in accordance ‘with the limit states design method and is based on the CSA Standard A23.3-04 Design of Concrete Structures. The load provisions are consistent with the National Building Code of ‘Canada 2005 (NBC 2005). The provisions of the revised codes and the major revisions are ‘outlined here. The book is restricted to the design of cast-in-place concrete structures. ‘Chapter 1 presents an overview of design and construction aspects as related to rein- forced concrete structures and introduces the main structural systems and components. xvii xviii PREFACE Chapter 2 provides an overview of concrete and steel material properties used in the

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