0% found this document useful (0 votes)
55 views38 pagesMMMM
Uploaded by
SHRADDHA SINGHCopyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF or read online on Scribd
0% found this document useful (0 votes)
55 views38 pagesMMMM
Uploaded by
SHRADDHA SINGHCopyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF or read online on Scribd
/ 38
OMPUTER pee
SCIENCE with . Miia
yinons
Textbook for
Class XII
* Programming & Computational Thinking
* Computer Networks
* Data Management (SQL, Django)
* Society, Law and Ethics
SUMITA ARORA
% PADHAAIL
Contents
1” Python Revision Tour
1-36 1.1 Introduction
1.2. Tokensin Python
1.21 Keywords 2
41.2.2 Identifiers (Names) 2
1.23 LiteralsValues 3
1.24 Operators 4
1.25 Punctuators 4
13. Barebones ofa Python Program
14. Variablesand Assignments
1.4.1 Dynamie Typing 6
14.2 Multiple Assignments 6
15. Simple Input and Output
16 Data Types
1.7. Mutable and Immutable Types
1.8. Expressions
1.81 Evaluating Arithmetic Operations 14
1.82 Evaluating Relational Expressions 15
1.83 Evaluating Logical Expressions 16
184 Type Casting (Explicit Type Conversion) 16
1.85 Math Library Functions 16
19 Statement Flow Control
1.10 Theif Conditionals
1.10.1Plain if Conditional Statement 19
1.10.2The ifelse Conditional Statement 20
1.10.3Theifelif Conditional Statement 20
1.104Nested if Statements 22
4.10.5Storing Conditions 22
1.11 Looping Statements
LILI The for Loop 23
1.112 The while Loop 25
1.12 jump Statements ~ break and continue
‘The break Statement 25
The continue Statement 26
1.13. More on Loops
1.13.1 Loop else Statement 27
1.13.2 Nested Loops 28
2
10
12
4
18,
19
23
25
27 PADHAAIL
4
Ls
_ Python
A Revision Tour
tn Wis Charter
1.1 Introduction 18 Expressions
1.2. Tokens in Python 1.9. Statement Flow Control
1.3. Barebones of a Python Program 1.10. The if Conditionals
1.4 Variables and Assignments 1.11 Looping Statements
15 Simple input and Output 1.12. Jump Statements ~ break and continue
1.6. Data Types 1.13 More on Loops.
1.7. Mutable and Immutable Types
1.1 INTRODUCTION
You must have enjoyed learning Python in class XI. Python programming language, developed
by Guido Van Rossum in early 1990s, has become a very popular programming language
among beginners as well as developers. The journey of Python that you started in class XI will
continue in class XII as well. In class XH, you shall learn more about Python and some advanced
concepts. Before we start with newer topics and concepts in Python, let us revise all that you
have learnt in class XI. And this chapter will be doing just the same, i, take you to the revision
tour of Python that you learnt in your previous class. PADHAAIL
2 COMPUTER SCIENCE WITH PYTHON — x)
1.2 TOKENS IN PYTHON
The smallest individual unit in a program is known as a Token
ora lexical unit.
Python has following tokens :
‘The smallest individual unit in a
‘program is known as a Token or
y a lexical unit.
(i) Keywords i) Identifiers (Names) (ii) Literals
(iv) Operators (v) Punctuators
# A sample Python program
for al_in range(1,_1
punctuators
if a%2 a:
ewer ‘iterals
pring NO
operators
‘dents
Figure 1.1 Some tokens in a Python program.
Let us revise our understanding of tokens.
1.2.1 Keywords PKERWORD I |
Keywords are predefined words with special meaning to the 1A keyword is a word hee]
language compiler or interpreter. These are reserved for special meaing, reserved by
special purpose and must not be used as normal identifier _ programming language.
names,
Python programming language contains the following keywords :
False assert’ «del «= for —in or while
None break elif = from is pass with
True class else global lambda raise yield
and continue except if nonlocal retum
as def finally import not ty
1.2.2. Identifiers (Names)
Identifiers are the names given to different parts of the program viz. variables, objects, classes,
functions, lists, dictionaries and so forth,
The naming rules for Python identifiers can be summarized as follows :
© Variable names must only be a non-keyword word with
no spaces in between,
© Variable names must be made up of only letters,
numbers, and underscore (_).
© Variable names cannot begin with a number, although
they can contain numbers. PADHAAIL
Chapter 1 : PYTHON REVISION TOUR 3
The following are some The following are some invalid identifiers :
valid identifiers :
DATA-REC contains special character - (hyphen)
pee DATES 777 (other than A - Z, a-z and _ (underscore) )
se aa 2scict Starting with a digit
= a break reserved keyword
zarez9_H013_3k
ated My.file contains special character dot (..)
1.2.3 Literals/Values
Literals are data items that have a fixed/constant value.
Python allows several kinds of literals, which are being given below.
(i) String Literals
A string literal is a sequence of characters surrounded by quotes (single or double or triple quotes).
String literals can either be single line strings or multi-line strings.
© Single line strings must terminate in one line i.e,, the clos
same line as that of the opening quotes. (See below)
18 quotes should be on the
© Multiline strings are strings spread across multiple lines. With single and double quotes,
each line other that the concluding line has an end character as \ (backslash) but with
triple quotes, no backslash is needed at the end of intermediate lines. (see below) :
>>> Text = "Hello World” «—__
Single
line sing
Multi-line sing
"Hello ¢——_ No backslash needed
een No backslash
In strings, you can include non-graphic characters through escape sequences. Escape sequences
are given in following table :
Escape ‘What it does Escape What it does
_[Non-graphic character] _ sequence [Non-graphic character]
W Backslash (\) \r Carriage Return (CR)
v Single quote (’) \t Horizontal Tab (TAB)
\ Double quote (") \ woox Character with 16-bit hex value
200% (Unicode only)
\a ASCII Bell (BEL) \Uwoooax | Character with 32-bit hex value
i sa0000Xxx (Unicode only)
ASCII Backspace (BS) Ww “| ASCII Vertical Tab (VT)
ASCII Formfeed (FF) \ooo Character with octal value 000
New line character \xhh | | Character with hex value hh
Character named name in the :
Unicode database (Unicode only) | } 4
(i) Numeric Literals
(ii) Boolean Literals
(iv) Special Literal None
COMPUTER SCIENCE WITiRARHAAI
Sa 4
Numeric literals are numeric values and these can be one of the following types :
(a) int (signed integers) offen called
numbers with no decimal point.
‘The integer literals can be written in:
ger beginning with digits 19. 6S 1234, 4100 ete.
peginning with 0o (zero followed by letter 0) ¢.g., 0035, 0077 te.
and 9 are invalid digits.
th Ox (zero followed by letter X) eg, 0x73,
ters for hexadecimal numbers are 0-9 and
just integers or ints, are positive or negative wig
le
‘© Decimal form : an inte}
© Octal form : an integer
Here do remember that for Octal, 8
© Hexadecimal form : an integer beginning wil
OxAF ete. Here remember that valid digits/let
AF.
(b) Floating Point Literals. Floating point literals or real literals floats represent real numbers
vad are written with a decimal point dividing the integer and fractional parts are numbers
having fractional parts. These can be written in fractional form e.g., -13.0, .75, 7. ete. or in
Exponent form e.g, 0.17E5, 3.£2, .6E# etc.
erals are of the form a+b], where a and b are floats and J (or j) represents
(Complex number lit.
fe real part of the number, and is the imaginary
AL which is an imaginary number). a is the
part.
the two Boolean values i., True (Boolean.
‘A Boolean literal in Python is used to represent one of
her have value as True or as False.
true) or False (Boolean false). A Boolean literal can eit
Python has one special literal, which is None. The None literal is used to indicate absence of
value.
Python can also store literal collections, in the form of tuples and lists etc.
1.2.4 Operators
Operators are tokens that trig; and oth
ger some computati i i i
% tokens that \putation / action when applied to variables er
The operators can be arithmetic operators (+, ~ *, /, %, ™, /), bitwise operators (&, 1) shift
operators (<<, >), identity operators (is, is not), relational operators (>, <, >=) < = 15), logical
tin), and
operators (and, of), assignment ope: eml
poe ermenc Ns i (i
arithmetic-assignment operators (may oni ee PS ee
=, I=).
1.2.5 Punctuators
Punctu
piece fara bie used in programming languages to organize sentence
eel and emphasis of expressions, statements, and program
Most common punctuators of Python programming language a
re :
TaN) (1{}@, 2.7 CChopter 1: PYTHON REVISION TOUR
1.3 BAREBONES OF A PYTHON PROGRAM.
A Python program may contain various elements such as comments, statements, expressions etc.
Let us talk about the basic structure of a Python program.
j# This program shows a program’ s components
# Definition of function SeeYou() follows
Conmens& def Seevou() :
+ Function
(tegin with #) print ("Time to say Good Bye !'|")
#Main program-code follows now
a= 15
Statement ———
ees
sete Expressions
print a a i
af bos # colon means it’s a block
yy print ("Value of ‘a was more than 15 initially.") Inline comments
(comment beginning
Ise: in the middle ofa line)
“a print ("Value of 'a' was 15 or less initially.”)
Function call — co evou() # calling above defined function Seevou()
Indentation «7
(see indented lines
‘As you can see that the above sample program contains various components like :
© Expressions, which are any legal combination of symbols that represents a value.
© Statements, which are programming instructions.
© Comments, which are the additional readable information to clarify the source code.
‘Comments can be single line comments, that start with # and multi-line comments that
can be either triple-quoted strings or multiple # style comments.
© Functions, which are named code-sections and can be reused by specifying their names
(function calls).
© Block(s) or suite(s), which is a group of statements which are part of another statement or
a function: All statements inside a block or suite are indented at the same level,
1.4 VARIABLES AND ASSIGNMENTS
Variables represent labelled storage locations, whose values can be manipulated during
program run.
In Python, to create a variable, just assign to its name the value of appropriate type. For
‘example, to create a variable namely Student to hold student's name and variable age to hold
student's age, you just need to write somewhat similar to what is shown below :
| Student ="Jacob’
Age =16 PADHAAIL
COMPUTER SCIENCE WITH PYTHON _ yy
low.
eate labels referring to these values as shown below.
Python will internally cre
(ja)
1.4.1. Dynamic Typing
In Python, as you have learnt, a variable is defined by assigning to it some value (of a particular
type such as numeric, string etc). For instance, after the statement :
X=1e
We can say that variable x is referring to a value of integer type. /
Later in your program, if you reassign a value of some other type to variable x, Python will not
complain (no error will be raised), e.g.,
x=10 EX
A variable pointing oa value of
prde@) 8 Certain type, can be made to|
x ‘110 World” point to a value/object of|
print(x) different type. This is called|
: Dynamic Typing.
Above code will yield the output as :
|
Hello World
So, you can think of Python variables as labels associated with objects (literal values in our case
here); with dynamic typing, Python makes a label refer to new. value with new assignment
(Fig. 1.2). Following figure illustrates it,
ria ‘Er —ee]
X= "Hello Wortg” x
Figure 1.2 Dynamic typing in Python variables,
Dynamic Typing vs. Static Typing
Dynamic typing is different from Static Typing. In Static typin, i it
m ng - '& a data type is attached with,
variable when it is defined first and itis fixed, That is, data type ofa Wicebe cannot be changed
in static typing whereas there is no such restriction in dynamic typing, which is supported by
1.4.2 Multiple Assignments
Python is very versatile with assignments, Let's see how,
1. Assigning same value to multiple variables, Y i i
Variables in a single statement, 2, BY Sn assign Same value to multiple
a=b=c=i0
will assign value 10 to all three vatiables 4, bye, PADHAAIL
Chapter | + PYTHON REVISION TOUR Thee
2. Assigning multiple values to multiple variables. You can even assign multiple values to
multiple variables in single statement, eg.,
X,Y, 2= 10, 28, 30
Tewill assign the values order wise, ie, first variable is given first value, second variable
the second value and so on. That means, above statement will assign value 10 to x, 20 to
y and 30 to z.
If you want to swap values of x and y, you just need to write as follows :
YAY
In Python, assigning a value to a variable means, variable’s label is referring to that value.
val =3
val =6
3000
3 [for statement
i val = 3]
%_2000
*
Ll | tor taenee
ral
val
* Memory address (8000) Memory address (2048] storing
Variable val stores values at same location + storing value Sis assigned a —_value G is assigned a label as
(memory-address) and changes values 1 label as val {for statement val = 6].
stored in it, val for statement val= 3] Now val no longer is referencing
to memory location 3000.
Literal values are having a fixed location and variable
(2) In traditional programming languages arias vafossrice tear a table)
like CiC+* etc.
(©) In Python programming language
Figure 1.3 How variables are stored in traditional programming languages and in Python,
1.5 SIMPLE INPUT AND OUTPUT
In Python 3.x, to get input from user interactively, you can use built-in function input( ). The
function input( ) is used in the following manner :
variable_to_hold_the_value = input ()
For example,
name = input (‘What is your name ?")
The above statement will display the prompt as :
tn [3]: name
Wh
's your name 7] PADHAAIL
COMPUTER SCIENCE WITH PYTHON ~ 3
tums a value of String type. Python offers two functions int()
qe pat) function abS¥4 Ze «received through input() into int nq
and float() to be used with input( ) to convert the value:
float types. You can :
Read in the value using input( ) function. :
and i ‘use int() or float() function with the read value to change the type of input value
to int or float respectively.
You can also combine these two steps in a single step too, ie., as :
= int( input( ) )
= float( input( ) )
Ant input(*vnat is your age?) )[%
What 1s your age ? 16
ad 20 22): type(marks)
Out{24]: Float
fan [22]: type(a
out(22]: int
/ While inputting integer values using int() with input(), make sure that the value being entered
must be int type compatible, Similarly, while inputting floating point values using float( ) with
input(), make sure that the value being entered must be float type compatible (e.g, ‘abc’ cannot
be converted to int or float, hence it is not compatible).
Output Through print( ) Statement
The print() function of Python 3.x is a way to send output to standard output device, which is
normally a monitor.
| The simplified syntax to use print( ) function is as follows :
Print(*objects, [ sep =‘ ’ or end = “\n* or ])9
“objects means it can be one or multiple comma separated objects to be printed.
Let us consider some simple examples first :
print ("hello") a string
print (17.5) # a number
print (3.14159*(r#p)) # the result of a calculation, which will
4 be performed by Python and then printed
#out (assuming that sone number has been
# assigned to the variable r)
#multiple conma separated expressions
print ("I\’m", 1245, "years old.") PADHAAIL
Chapter 1: PYTHON REVISION TOUR ne
The print statement has a number of features :
© it auto-converts the items to strinj
igS i.e, if you are printing a numeric value, it will
automatically convert it into e
1 quivalent string and print it ; for numeric expressions, it
first evaluates them and then converts the result to string, before printing,
© i inserts spaces between items automatically because the default value of sep argument
(separator character) is space(’’)
Consider this code :
Four diferent srng objects with no
Print ("My", “name”, "is", "anit") <7 spt them ae being primed
will print
; ‘But the output tne has automatically spaces inser in
My name 1s amit. «~~ setween them becautedeful ep character isa space,
You can change the value of separator character with sep argument of print() as per this :
The code :
print ("My", "name", “is”
“amit.", sep='..
will print
4
; This rime the print) separated the items
My..smame...is...Amit. tghellrags
with given sep character, which io.”
© it appends a newline character at the end of the line unless you give your own end
argument. Consider the code given below :
print ("My name is Anit.")
print ("I am16 years old")
It will produce output as : or
blan
My name is Amit.
1 am 16 years old
ment with a print() function then the print() will print the line
If you explicitly give an end ar;
ied with the end argument, and not the newline character, e.g,
and end it with the string spe
the code
print("My name is Amit. ", end= ‘$?)
print ("I am 6 years old. ")
will print output as:
This time the print() ended the lne with given end
“4 character, which i'§ here: And becuse ites not
My name is Amit. $1 am16 years old. — newline, nu! ine was printed from her itself.
Write a program to input a number and print its cube.
num = float (input(‘Enter a nunber: '))
‘num_cube = num * num * num
print(*The cube of", num, is’, num_cube) PADHAAII
10 COMPUTER SCIENCE WITH PYTHON - xi
| J 1.2 Write a program to input a number and prin ts square root.
reoram num = float (input( ‘Enter a number: '))
num_sqrt = num ** 0.5
print( ‘The square root of, num, 'is', num_sqrt)
a PYTHON : BASIC INPUT/OUTPUT Progress In Python 1.1
ni
‘This ‘PriP” session is aimed at revising various concepts you learnt in Class XI.
Science with Python and fill it there in PriP 1.1 under Chapter 1 after
practically doing it on the computer.
Please check the practical component-book — Progress in Computer )
popibece
1.6 DATA TYPES
Data types are means to identify type of data and set of valid operations for it. Python offers
following built-in core data types : (i) Numbers (if) String (ii) List (jo) Tuple (v) Dictionary.
(i) Data types for Numbers
Python offers following data types to store and process different types of numeric data :
(a) Integers
© Integers (signed)
© Booleans
(®) Floating-Point Numbers
(©) Complex Numbers
(a) Integers. There are two types of integers in Python :
( Integers (signed). It is the normal integer representation of whole numbers. Python 3.x
provides single data type (int) to store any integer, whether big or small.
It is signed representation, ie, the integers can be positive as well as negative.
(i) Booleans. These represent the truth values False and True, The Boolean type is a
subtype of plain integers, and Boolean values False and True behave like the values 0
and 1, respectively.
(+) Floating Point Numbers. In Python, floating point numbers represent machine-level double
precision floating point numbers (15 digit precision). The range of these numbers is limited by
underlying machine architecture subject to available (virtual) memory.
(© Complex Numbers.
Python represents complex numbers in the form A+Bj Complex
‘numbers are a composite quantity made of two parts: the real part and the imaginary part, both of
which are represented internally as float values (floating point numbers). PADHAAI
CChopter 1: PYTHON REVISION TOUR
You can retrieve the two components using attribute
references. For a complex number z :
© zzeal gives the real part.
© zimag gives the imaginary part as a float, not as a
compiex vaiue
Table 1.1 The Range of Pyth
1m Ntunbers
Range
ited range, subject to available (virtual) memory only |
Floating point
an unlimited range, subject to available (virtual) memory on
umbers chi
Complex Same as floating point numbers because the real and
numbers
imaginary parts are represented as floats
(i) Data Type for Strings
All strings in Python 3.x are sequences of pure Unicode characters. Unicode is a system designed to
represent every character from every language. A string can hold any type of known characters
ie, letters, numbers, and special characters, of any known scripted language.
Following are all legal strings in Python :
“abed” , 1234", ‘$%°&’, '7227', "SABES" , “aBy",
ad’, Nopeac”
A Python string is a sequence of characters and each character
can be individually accessed using its index.
(i) Lists
A List in Python represents a group of comma-separated values of any datatype between
square brackets e.¢., following are some lists :
(1, 2,3, 4,5]
(a, ‘ei, ]
['Neha’, 102, 79.5]
In list too, the values internally are numbered from 0 (zero) onwards ie, first item of the list is
internally numbered as 0, second item of the list as 1, 3rd item as 2 and so on.
(iv) Tuples
Tuples are represented as group of comma-separated values of
any date type within parentheses, e.g, following are some tuples :
s(t, 2, 3,4, 5)
a= (2,4, 6, 8)
r= (ae, )
h= (7, 8, 9,'R,'B'C) PADHAAIL
COMPUTER SCIENCE WITH PYTHON ~ yy
(v) Dictionaries
The dictionary is an unordered set of comma-separated key : value pairs, within {}, withthe
requirement that within a dictionary, no two keys can be the same (ie, there are unique keys
within a dictionary), For instance, following are some dictionaries :
{dire 2a:
js’ 4, ‘Us 5}
>>> vowels = {'a': 1, 'e: 2,
3, ‘0:4, ‘U's 5}
>>> vowels] SN te 0 61,2 an athe of sony vol
2 103.343 sf ae opciee
Following figure summarizes the core data types of Python.
Core Data Types |
Numbers None Sequences Mappings |
| |
Integer Floating Complex Sting Tuple List Dictionary
1 point
{
| Boolean
1.7 MUTABLE AND IMMUTABLE TYPES
The Python data objects can be broad]
ly categorized into two — mutable and immutable types, in
simple words changeable or modifiabl
le and non-modifiable types.
Immutable Types
The immutable types are those that can never change their value in place. In Python, the following
types are immutable : integers, floating pont munbers, Bolan tring, tuples.
In immutable types, the variable names are stored as references to a value-object. Each time
you change the value, the variable’s referenc
© memory address changes. See following
explanation for sample code given below :
© Initially these three statements are executed :
pes
. All variabtes having same value reference and the tame %
q 4 tate bet en pg 1 lah ee integer
re PADHAAIL
Figure 1.4
© When the next set of statements execute, ie,
8
qer
then these variable names are made to point to different integer objects.
Figure 1.5,
Mutable Types
Mutability means that in the same memory address, new
value can be stored as and when you want. The types that do
not support this property are immutable types.
The mutable types are those whose values can be changed in
place. Only three types are mutable in Python.
‘These are : lists, dictionaries and sets.
To change a member of a list, you may write :
Chk = (2, 4, 6]
Chk[1] = 48
It will make the list namely Chk as [2, 40, 6]. 14
18
PADHAAIL
COMPUTER SCIENCE WITH PYTHON — yu)
EXPRESSIONS.
A th
expression in Pythe a bination of operators, literals and variables.
in Python is any valid combina ie
A :
ons, logical expressions, compound expressions etc. REE
Arithmetic expressions involve numbers (integers, floatingy
point numbers, complex numbers) and arithmetic operators, felipe eid
€g4245°3,-8* 6/5 and atoms. An expression is
An expression having literals and/or variables of any valid Saree Cee ee
type and relational operators is a relational expression. For a
example, these are valid relational expressions :
xy, yee, zl=x,
q, X2, xasyl=z
An expression having literals and/or variables of any valid type and logical operators is a
logical expression. For example, these are valid logical expressions :
aorb, bandc, aandnotb, notcornotb
Python also provides two string operators + and *, when combined with string operands and
integers, form string expressions.
Following are some legal string expressions :
"and" + "then" #would result into ‘andthen' - concatenation
"and" *2 #would result into ‘andand' - replication
1.8.1 Evaluating Arithmetic Operations
‘To evaluate an arithmetic expression (with operator and operands), Python follows these rules :
© Determines the order of evaluation in an expression considering the operator precedence.
© As per the evaluation order, for each of the sub-expression (generally in the form of
e.g., 13 % 3)
= Evaluate each of its operands or arguments,
™ Performs any implicit conversions (c.g.,
arithmetic on mixed types). For implicit
given after the rules,
= Compute its result based on the operator,
= Replace the subex
evaluation.
Promoting int to float or bool to int for
conversion rules of Python, read the text
Pression with the computed result and carry on the expression
& Repeat till the final result is obtained.
In a mixed arithmetic expression, Python converts all operands wy
: Is up to the type of the largest
operand (type promotion). In the simplest form, an expression is like opt Heit op2
aly or p“*a), Here, if both arguments are standacd numeric types, the following coercions are
applied :
© If either argument is a complex number,
converted to complex ;
© Otherwise, if either ar
number, the other is con
the other is
rgument is a floating point
verted to floating point ;
© No conversion if both operands
without programmer
; nto
are integers, 3 PADHAAIL
Chopler I: PYTHON REVISION TOUR 15
Table operator precedence
Description
| 0 Parentheses (grouping) Highest
Exponentiation
x Bitwise nor
Positive, negative (unary + , -)
Multiplication, division, floor division, remainder
+ Addition, subtraction
Bitwise AND
Bitwise XOR
Bitwise OR
£) <2, >, >=, <>
Comparisons (Relational operators), identity operators
is, is not
not x Boolean NOT
and Boolean AND
Boolean OR Lowest
Example 1.1. Consider below given expressions what. What will be the final result and final data type ?
(@) a, b=3,6 (b+) a, b=3,6 © a,b
c=b/a cab//a c=b%a
Ans. (a) In expression
c= 6/3 bs/ya
c=2.0 1 |
int int hah
= Here, the operator i which abv
—_— gives atte pres *
Floating pt
() In expression () Inexpression
c=6//3 b s/f a O%3 b & a
cna | i 8 | i
int int float int
eis =
int float
1.8.2 Evaluating Relational Expressions
All comparison operations in Python have the same priority, which is lower than that of any
arithmetic operations. All relational expressions (comparisons) yield Boolean values only i.,
True or False.
Further, chained expressions like aq) and(q() function of appropriate data type, in the
following manner :
(expression)
where is the data type to which you want to [IveE CASTING |
type-cast your expression. The explicit conversion of an
For example, if we have (a =3 and b = 5.0), then cpeent to a specific type is
int(b) called type casting.
will cast the data-type of the expression as int.
1.8.5 Math Library Functions
Python's standard librar i .
y ry provides a module namely math for math related functions that work
with all number types except for complex numbers, PADHAAI
CChopter 1 : PYTHON REVISION TOUR 7
In order to work with functions of math module, first import it
no » You need to first import it to your program bj
giving statement as follows as the top line of your Python script : " eee
import math
Then you can use math library's functions as math. .
Table 1.2 Some Mathematical Functions in math Module
3 Prototype
| UO | Genera ee Description Example
1. | cel | mathceil(aum) The ceil() function returns the | math.cel(1.03) gives 2.0
smallest integer not less than num. | math.ceil(-103) gives ~10.
2. | sqrt math.sqrt (num)
The sqrt( ) function retums the | math.sqrt (81.0) gives 9.0.
square root of mum. If num <0,
domain error occurs.
3. [exp | math.exp(arg) The exp()) function returns the | math.exp(2.0) gives the value
natural logarithm e raised to the | of e,
arg power.
4. | fabs | math.fabs (num) The fabs( ) function returns the | math.fabs(1.0) gives 1.0
absolute value of num.
math.fabs(-10) gives 1.0.
5. | floor | math.floor (num) The floor ) function retums the | math.floor (1.03) gives 1.0
largest integer not greater than | math,floor(-103) gives -20.
num.
6 | log | math.log (num, [base] | The log( ) function returns the | math.log(1.0) gives the natural
natural logarithm for num. A | logarithm for 1.0,
domain error occurs if num is | mathog(1024, 2) will give
Tregative and a range error Occurs | tog rithm of 1024 to the base 2.
if the argument mum is zero.
7. | logi0 | math.logi0 (num) The Jogi0( ) function returns | math.logl0(1.0) gives base 10
the base 10 logarithm for num. | logarithm for 1.0,
A domain error occurs if num is
negative and a range error
occurs if the argument is zero.
8. | pow | math.pow (base, exp) | The pow() function returns base | math.pow (3.0, 0) gives value of
raised to exp power ic, base exp. | 3°
‘A domain error occurs if base =0| math.pow(40, 2.0) gives value
and exp <=0; also if base ( )
STATEMENT FLOW CONTROL
In a program, statements may be executed sequentially, selectively or iteratively. Every
programming language provides constructs to support sequence, selection or iteration.
A conditional is a statement set which is executed, on the basis of result of a condition. A loop is
a statement set which is executed repeatedly, until the end condition is satisfied.
1. Compound Statement
A compound statement represents a group of statements executed as a unit, The compound
statements of Python are written in a specific pattem as shown below :
:
v1: PYTHON REVISION TOUR
‘The conditionals and the loops are compound statements, i:
For all compound statements, following points hold :
® The contained statements are not written in the same column as the control statement,
rather they are indented to the right and together they are called a block.
© The first line of compound statement, ie,
they contain other statements.
, its header contains a colon (;)at the end of it.
For example :
nuat = int (input(“Enter nunberi"))
fund = int (input ("Enter nunbert"))
iF mum2 < numd : <————— The colon (:) atthe end of header line
smears itis compound statement
‘t=num2* nun2
tat+10 Tre contained statemens within if are
indented to thevight
print (nun2, num, t)
2. Simple Statement
Compound statements are made of simple statements. Any single executable statement is a
simple statement in Python.
3. Empty Statement
The simplest statement is the empty statement ie, a statement which does nothing. In Python
an empty statement is the pass statement.
It takes the following form :
pass
Wherever Python encounters a pass statement, Python does nothing and moves to next
statement in the flow of control.
1.10 THE IF CONDITIONALS
The if conditionals of Python come in multiple forms : plain if conditional, if-else conditional
and if-elif conditionals.
1.10.1. Plain if Conditional Statement
An if statement tests a particular condition; if the condition
evaluates to true, a course-of-action is followed ie, a
statement or set-of-statements is executed. If the condition is
false, it does nothing :
The syntax (general form) of the if statement is as shown.
below :
Af
print ("A has more than B has”
print("Their difference is", (a-b))
1.10.2. The if-else Conditional Statement
y
PADHAAIL
COMPUTER SCIENCE WITH PYTHON —
This form of if statement tests a condition and if the condition evaluates to true, it carries out
statements indented below if and in case condition evaluates to false, it carries out statements
indented below else.
‘The syntax (general form) of the if-else statement is
as shown below :
if :
statement
[statements]
else:
statement
[statements]
{
“expression 2S 0B of ale
Re 7
| we
| Body of if |
For example, consider the following code fragments using if-else conditionals :
if a >=: <———__ re colon (:) isin both: the if
print(a, “is zero or a positive nunber")
else:
print(a, “is a negative number")
1.10.3 The if-elif Conditional Statement
header as well a elie line
The statements inif-block and else are
indented
Sometimes, you want to check a condition when control reaches else, i.e., condition test in the
form of else if. To serve such conditions, Python provides if-elif and if-elif-else statements.
The general form of these statements is :
[GF :
Af : and elif = 160 :
print("Batsman scored a century")
elif runs >= 50:
print("Batsman scored a fifty")
else:
print ("Batsman has neither scored a century nor fifty")
if num<@:
print(num, "is a negative number.")
elif num==0 :
print(num, "is equal to zero.")
else:
print(num, “is a positive number.)
digit number.
m
nun = int(input("Enter a number (0..999) : "))
if num < 0:
print( "Invalid entry. Valid range is @ to 999.
elif num< 10:
print("Single digit nunber is entered”)
elif num< 100:
print("Two digit number is entered")
elif num <= 999:
print(“Three digit number is entered")
else:
print ("Invalid entry. Valid range is @ to 999.")
Sample runs of this program are given below :
enter a nunber (0..999) : -3
Invalid entry. valid range is 0 to 999.
Enter a number (0..999) : 4
Single digit number is entered
ne,
enter a number (0..999) : 100
Three digit number is entered
paneer
Enter a number (0..999) : 10
Two digit number is entered
Enter a number (0..999) : 3000
Invalid entry. valid range is 0 to 999.
aon,
| D 1.3. Write a program that inputs an integer in range 0 - 999 and then prints ifthe integer entered is a 1/23
Ja oe 1.10.5. Storing Con
PADHAAI
COMPUTER SCIENCE WITH PYTHON ~ xy
1.10.4 Nested if Statements
Sometimes you may need to test additional conditions. For such situations, Python also
supports nested-if form of if. A nested if is an if that has another if in its if's body or in elif’s
body or in its else’s body.
Consider the following example code using nested-if statements :
x= int(input(“Enter First number :*))
y= int(input(“Enter second number :"))
z= int(input("Enter third number :"))
min = mid = max = None
if x 999:
print(“Invalid entry. Valid range is @ to 999.")
else:
if nun < 16:
print(“Single digit nusber is entered”)
else:
if num< 168;
print("Two digit number is entered”)
else:
print(“Three digit nunber is entered”)
The sample run of this program is just the same as previous program.
1.11 LOOPING STATEMENTS
Python provides too kinds of loops : for loop and while loop to represent counting loop and
conditional loop respectively.
1.11.1. The for Loop
The for loop of Python is designed to process the items of any sequence, such as alist or a string,
one by one.
The General Form of for loop
The general form of for loop is as given below :
for in :
statements_to_repeat
For example, consider the following loop :
for element in [10, 15, 20, 25] :
print(element +2, end='")
‘The above loop would give output as :
RW 22 27
© The above-given for loop executes a sequence of statements for each of the elements of
given sequence (10, 15, 20, 25].
© Tokeep the count, it uses a control variable (clement in above case) in that takes a different
value on each iteration. Firstly value 10, then the next value of sequence, 15, then 20 and
lastly 25. PADHAAI
COMPUTER SCIENCE WITH PYTHON ~ yy
The range( ) based for loop
For number based lists, you can specify range) function to represent a list as in :
for val in range(3, 18) :
print(val)
16, 17] with which for loop will
Inthe above loop, range(3, 18) will first generate a list [3, 4,5
work, You need not define loop variable (val above) beforehand in a for loop.
As mentioned, a range() produces an integer number sequence. There are three ways to define a
range
, incrementing by 1
range(stop) Helements from @ — to stop-’
Helements from start to stop-1, incrementing by 1
range(start, stop)
elements from start to stop-1, incrementing by step
range(start, stop, step)
© The start value is always part of the range. The stop value is never part of the range. The
step shows the difference between two consecutive values in the range.
© If start value is omitted, it supposed to be 0. Ifthe step is omitted, itis supposed to be 1.
Consider some examples of range( ) as given below :
range(7) 0,1, 2, 3,4, 5,6
range(S, 12) 5, 6,7, 8,9, 18, 12
range(5, 13, 2) 5,7,9,11
range(10, 4, -1) 10, 9, 8,7,6,5
| range(1@, 4) no value
For example, the next program shows the cube of the numbers from 15 to 20 ;
Write a program to print cubes of numbers in the range 15 to 20.
for 4 inrange(15, 21
print("Cube of number", i, end=' *)
print("is", i #3)
Cube of number 15 is 3375
| Cube of number 16 is 4096
Cube of number 17 is 4913
|) Cube of number 18 is 5832
Cube of number 19 is 6859
Cube of number 20 is 8000
1.7 Write a program to print square root of every alternate number in the range 1 to 10.
a for 4 in range(1, 10, 2) :
Print( "square root of", 4, "is", (1 **0.5)) PADHAAI |
f
ahd
ee 25
1.11.2 The while Loop
A while loop is a conditional loop that will repeat the instructions within itself as long as a
conditional remains true (Boolean True or truth value true).
The general form of Python while loop is :
while :
‘oop-body
where the loop-body may contain a single statement or multiple statements or an
empty statement (i.e, pass statement). The loop iterates while the logical Expression evaluates to
true. When the expression becomes false, the program control passes to the line after the
loop-body.
? 1.8 Write a program that multiplies two integer numbers without using the * operator, using repeated
addition.
Ad = int (input ("Enter First number
n2 = int (input ("Enter second nuaber :
product = @
count = na.
while count >@
count = count - 1
product = product +2
print (“The product of", ni, “and”, n2, "is", product)
Enter first nusber : 4
Enter second nusber : 5
‘The product of 4 and 5 is 20
In general, the while loop is used when it is not possible to know in advance how many
times the loop will be executed, but the termination condition is known. The while loop is
an entry-controlled loop as it has a control over entry in the loop in the form of test
condition.
1.12 JUMP STATEMENTS — break AND continue
Python offers two jump statements ~ break and continue ~ to be used within loops to jump out
of loop-iterations.
The break Statement
A break statement terminates the very loop it lies within.
Execution resumes at the statement immediately following the
body of the terminated statement. PADHAAIL
COMPUTER SCIENCE WITH PYTHON
while + for in . + if ; Gre skipped and next :
" iteration bein Af + 4
continue :
continue |
statement 2 |
i statement 2
statement 3 i;
statenent 3 .
statenent 4
statement 4
Trabove hops, contnoe wa awa
Inte caren eaten anne loon ann ee
Figure 1.7 The working of a continue statement, coopter 1 + PYTHON REVISION TOUR
1.13 MORE ON LOOPS
There are two more things you need to know about loops the loop else clause and nested loops.
1.13.1. Loop else Statement
Python loops have an optional else clause. Complete syntax of Python loops along with else
clause is as given below :
for in : while in | | statenene >
; iheop
statenent_| |_statenent
bo Dates 2
Salonen __ , { statenent > Statements. _, f statenent >
‘outside the loop statement: ‘outside the loo statement:
statenent statenent
Figure 1.8 Control flow in Python loops.
Consider following example :
for ain range (1,4):
ifaB==0:
break
print ("Element is", end =
print(a)
else:
print("énding loop after printing all elements of sequence") . PADHAAII 7
COMPUTER SCIENCE WITH PYTHON —
The above will give the following output :
‘This nei printed because theese
Element is 1 clause of given for loop executed when
Elenent is 2 the for loop was terminating, normaly
Element is 3
Ending loop after printing a11 elements of sequence. —
If, in above code, you change the line
ifa%B==0:
with
ifak2==
Then the output will be :
El i
Sees TT Notice that for a = 2, the break got executed and loop
terminated. Hence stone element got printed (or e™= 1)
The else clause works identically in while 4% beak terminated the loop, the ele clause also did
A Int execute, 80 no line after the pratng of elements.
loop, i.e, executes if the test-condition goes
{false and in case of break statement, the
Joop-else clause is not executed.
1.13.2 Nested Loops
A loop may contain another loop in its body. This form of a loop is called nested loop. But in a
nested loop, the inner loop must terminate before the outer loop.
‘The following is an example of a nested loop :
for iin range(1, 6) :
for jinrange (1, 4):
print("*", end='')
print()
In nested loops, a break statement will terminate the very loop it appears in. That is, if break
statement is inside the inner loop then only the inner loop will terminate and outer loop will
continue. If however, the break statement is in outer loop, the outer loop will terminate.
Progress In Python 1.3
‘This ‘PriP” session is aimed at revising various concepts you learnt in Class XI.
4
Please check the practical component-book — Progress in Computer :
Science with Python and fill it there in.PriP 1.3 under Chapter 1 after
practically doing it on the computer, 4
pertece, PADHAAI |
29
chapter 1 : PYTHON REVISION TOUR
Let Us REVISE
| ent
Statements are the instructions given to the computer to perform any kind of action.
Python statements can be on one of these types : empty statement, single statement and compound statement.
‘A.compound statement represents a group of statements executed os a unit.
eae
Every compound statement of Python has a header and an indented body below the header. Some exumples of
compound statements are : functions, if statement, while statement etc.
Python provides one selection statement if in many forms
°
*
The statements that allow a set of instructions to be performed repeatedly are iteration statements.
Pyth
loop.
provides two looping constructs —for and while, Te for loop isa counting loop and while isa conditional
‘The while loop is an entry-controlled loop as it has a control over entry inthe loop In the form of test condition.
Loops in Python can have else clause (00. The else clause of a loop is executed in the end of the loop only when
loop terminates normally.
‘The break statement can terminate a loop immediately and the control passes over tothe statement following the
statement containing break
In nested loops, a break statement terminates the very loop it appears in.
‘The continue statement abandons the current iteration of the loop by skipping over the rest ofthe statements in the
loop-body. It immediately transfers control to the beginning ofthe next iteration of the loop.
Solved Problems
Ln
1. What is the difference between a keyword and an identifier ?
Solution. Keyword is a special word that has a special meaning and purpose. Keywords are reserved
and are a few. For example, if, elif, else etc. are keywords.
Identifier is the user-defined name given to a part of a program viz. variable, object, function ete.
Identifiers are not reserved. These are defined by the user but they can have letters, digits and a
symbol underscore. They must begin with either a letter or underscore. For instance, chk, chess, trial
etc. are identifiers in Python.
What are literals in Python ? How many types of literals are allowed in Python ?
Solution. Literals mean constants i.,, the data items that never chan;
un. Python allows five types of literal
(String literals
(iii) Boolean literals
ge their value during a program
(i) Numeric literals
(io) Special Literal None
(®) Literal Collections like tuples, lists etc.
How many ways are there in Python to represent an integer literal 2
Solution. Python allows three types of integer literals :
(@) Decimal (base 10) integer literals
(Y) Octal (base 8) integer literals
(©) Hexadecimal (base 16) integer literals PADHAAIL
COMPUTER SCIENCE WITH PYTHON ~ yy
(@) Decimal Integer Literals. An integer literal consisting of a sequence of digits is taken to be
decimal integer literal unless it begins with 0 (digit zero).
For instance, 1234, 41, +97, -17 are decimal integer literals.
() Octal Integer Literals. A sequence of digits starting with 0 (digit zero) is taken to be an octal
integer. For instance, decimal integer 8 will be written as 010 as octal integer. (89 =10s) and decima|
integer 12 will be written as 014 as octal integer (12) =145}
(©) Hexadecimal Integer Literals. A sequence of digits preceded by Ox or OX is taken to be an
hexadecimal integer.
For instance, decimal 12 will be written as OXC as hexadecimal integer.
Thus number 12 will be written either as 12 (as decimal), 014 (as octal) and OXC (as hexadecimal),
4. How many types of strings are supported in Python 2
Solution, Python allows two string types :
(Single line Strings Strings that are terminated in single line
(ii) Multiline Strings Strings storing multiple lines of text.
5. What is None literal in Python ?
Solution. Python has one special literal called None.
‘The None literal is used to indicate something that has not yet been created. It is a legal empty
value in Python.
6. The following code is not giving desired output. We want to input value as 20 and obtain output as 40. Could
_you pinpoint the problem ?
Nurber = input( "Enter Number" )
DoubleTheNumber = Number * 2
Print (DoubleTheNunber)
Solution, The problem is that input( ) returns value as a string, so the input value 20 is returned as
string ‘20’ and not as integer 20. So the output is 2020 in place of required output 40.
Also Print is not legal statement of Python ; it should be print.
7. Why is following code giving errors ?
name = "Rehman"
print ("Greetings !!!")
print("Hello", name)
print("How do you do ?") j
Solution. The problem with above code is inconsistent indentation. In Python, we cannot indent @
statement unless itis inside a suite and we can indent only as much as required.
Thus, corrected code will be :
name = "Rehman"
print ("Greetings !!1*)
print("Hello", name)
print("How do you do ?" Chopter 1: PYTHON REVISION TOUR
10.
u
12.
13.
4.
What are data types ? What are Python's built-in core data types ?
Solution. The real life data is of many types. So to represent various types of real-life data,
programming languages provide ways and facilities to handle these, which are known as data types.
Python's built-in core data types belong to :
© Numbers (integer, floating-point, complex numbers, Booleans)
© String wo List
© Tuple = Dictionary
Which data types of Python handle Numbers ?
Solution. Python provides following data types of handle numbers (version 3.x) :
(i) Plain integers (ii) Long integers
(iii) Boolean (iv) Floating-point numbers
(») Complex numbers
Why is Boolean considered a subtype of integers ?
Solution. Boolean values True and False internally map to integers 1 and 0. That is, internally
True is considered equal to 1 and False as equal to 0 (zero). When 1 and 0 are converted to
Boolean through bool( ) function, they return True and False. That is why Booleans are treated as
a subtype of integers.
What is the role of comments and indentation in a program ?
Solution. Comments provide explanatory notes to the readers of the program. Compiler or
interpreter ignores the comments but they are useful for specifying additional descriptive
information regarding the code and logic of the program.
Indentation makes the program more readable and presentable. Its main role is to highlight nesting
of groups of control statements.
What is a statement ? What is the significance of an empty statement ?
Solution. A statement is an instruction given to the computer to perform any kind of action.
Anempty statement is useful in situations where the code requires a statement but logic does not. To
fill these two requirements simultaneously, empty statement is used.
Python offers pass statement as an empty statement,
If you are asked to label the Python loops as determinable or non-determinable, which Inbel would you give to
which loop ? Justify your answer.
Solution. The ‘for loop’ can be labelled as determinable loop as number of its iterations can be
determined beforehand as the size of the sequence, it is operating upon.
‘The ‘while loop’ can be labelled as non-determinable loop, as its number of iterations cannot be
determined beforehand. Its iterations depend upon the result of a test-condition, which cannot be
determined beforehand.
There are two types of else clauses in Python. What are these tvo types of else clauses ?
Solution. The two types of Python else clauses are :
(@) else in an if statement () else in a loop statement
‘The else clause of an if statement is executed when the condition of the if statement results into false
The else clause of a loop is executed when the loop is terminating normally ic, when its
test-condition has gone false for a while loop or when the for loop has executed for the last value
in sequence. 15.
16.
17,
PADHAAIL
COMPUTER SCIENCE WITH PYTHON — yy
Writea program that asks the user to input number of seconds and then expresses it in terms of many minutes
and seconds it contains.
Solution,
figet the nunber of seconds from the user
nunseconds = input("Enter number of seconds") :
‘nunseconds_int = int(numseconds)
#extract the nunber of minutes using integer division
Nunminutes = numseconds_int//60
extract the number of seconds remaining since the last minute using the modulo
emainingseconds = numseconds_int % 60
print(minutes:', nunminutes)
print(‘seconds:', remainingseconds)
Write a program that repeatedly asks from users some numbers until string ‘done’ is typed. The program
should print the sum of all numbers entered,
Solution, Unknown Number of Nunber's to Sum
total =0
5 = input (‘Enter a number or “done”: ")
while s !='done' :
num = int(s)
total = total + nun
input ‘Enter a number or "done": *)
print ‘The sum of entered numbers is', total)
Write a program to print a square multiplication table as shown below :
2 ice cei Wate WE BRU er ase.)
Bie A628. 40" aad ae: agen
Bac 6 99 2 is ap ia 2 le
e 8 12 16 2 om. 8. soe
5 10 15 2 2 0385s
}6 2 1% 4 3 3% 2 48 5h
|e ee a re ey 5% 68
Bis A024 SB 240. 2 pV 056 gg (et oe
scat AROS ABS AAR SI Seas at i:
Solution,
for row in range(1, 10):
for col in range(1, 16):
prod = row * col
if prod < 10:
print(’ ', prod,
else:
print(prod,**, end=' *)
yend=""') This adds a space if the number is Single digit
print( ) PADHAAI ==
Chapter 1: PYTHON REVISION TOUR 33 4
GLOSSARY
J eae
Block A group of consecutive stotements having same indentation level.
Coercion Implicit Type Conversion.
Constant
A data item thot never changes its value during a program run.
Explicit Type Conversion Forced doto type conversion by the user.
‘empty statement A statement thot appears in the code but does nothing.
Identifier Nome given by user for @ port of the program.
Implicit Type Conversion Automatic Internal Conversion of dato type (lower fo higher type) by Python.
Keyword Reserved word having special mecning ond purpose.
Lexical Unit Other name of token.
erat Constant.
operator Symbol/word thet Wiggers on action or operation
Token The smallest individual unit in @ program.
Type Casting Explicit Type Conversion.
Variable Nomed stored location whose value can be manipulated during program run.
Assignments
A a a
Type A : Short Answer Questions/Conceptual Questions
1. What are tokens in Python ? How many types of tokens are allowed in Python ? Exemplify your answer.
2. How are keywords different from identifiers ?
3. What are literals in Python ? How many types of literals are allowed in Python ?
4. Can nongraphic characters be used and processed in Python ? How ? Give examples to support your
answer.
5. Out of the following, find those identifiers, which cannot be used for naming Variables or Functions ina
Python program : [CBSE D 2016)
Price*Qty, class, For, do,
4thCol, totally, Row31, _Amount
6. How are floating constants represented in Python ? Give examples to support your answer.
7. How are string-literals represented and implemented in Python ?
8, What are operators ? What is their function ? Give examples of some unary and binary operators.
9. What is an expression and a statement ?
10. What all components can a Python program contain ?
11, What are variables ? How are they important for a program ?
12. Describe the concepts of block or suite and body. What is indentation and how is it related to block and
body 7
13, What are data types ? How are they important ?
14. How many integer types are supported by Python ? Name them.
15, What are immutable and mutable types ? List immutable and mutable types of Python.
16. What is the difference between implicit type conversion and explicit type conversion ? PADHAAIL
COMPUTER SCIENCE wiry,
, .
: 1ON
J one that cannot change after being created. Give three reasons 4
47, An immutable data type i
immutable data. /
418, What is entry controlled loop ? Which loop is entry controlled loop in Python ?
49. Explain the use of the pass statement, Ilustrate it with an example.
il red, Indicate the data type of
420, Below are seven segments of code, each with a part colour Pe ofeach oly
part by choosing the correct type of data from the following type. re
of str
(a) int (R) float (@) bool (4) stt_@) function (fist of int)
(Af temp < 32: (o) if n%2=20:
print ("Freezing") print ("Freezing")
(i) L= ['Hiya’, Zoya’, ‘Preet’] .
(oi) L=inputline.split( )
prant(Lia) while L !=() + \
diy m=O print(L)
for i in range (3) : =Uf:]
1M. append(i)
print(M) (wii)
converts the read
into words
L=[ ‘Hiya’, ‘Zoya’, ‘Preet! ]
Go) LePtys, oye, Preet prin (.[6] +L} )
n= len (L)
if'Donald in [1 : a]:
print(L)
Type B : Application Based Questions
Bs
1. Fill in the missing lines of code in the following code. The code reads in a limit amount and a list
prices and prints the largest price that is less than the limit, You can assume that all prices and the li
are positive numbers. When a price 0 is entered the program terminates and prints the largest price
is less than the limit.
‘Read the Limit
Limit = float(input("Enter the Linit"))
max_price = 0
# Read the next price %
next_price = float(input("Enter 2 price or @ to stop:"))
while next_price > @:
‘write your code here>
Read the next price
if max_price > 0:
else :
2, Predict the outputs of the following programs :
(@ count =
while count < 10:
print(‘Hello')
count +21
i
pl Chopter 1: PYTHON REVISION TOUR
() x=10 @ = x=(1,2,3)
y=® counter = @
while x > y: while counter < len(x):
print(x, y) print (x[counter] *%)
xex-1 for y in x:
yeytl print(y *"* ')
counter += 1
(© keepgoing = True
x= 100 (&) for x in'lamp':
while keepgoing: print(str.upper(x))
print(x) fl
as © xe'one
if x50: y="twot
counter =@
keepgoing = False
@
Ss
while x < 50:
print(x)
(for xin [1,2,3,4,5]:
while counter < Len(x):
print(x{counter], y[counter])
counter +=1
(m) _x="apple, pear, peach”
y=x.split(", ")
print (x) for ziny:
() forp inrange(1,10): print(z)
print(p) (nm) x="apple, pear, peach, grapefruit’
(@) for zinrange( 500,500,100): y=x.split(, *)
print(z) for ziny:
ifz cin:
ened print(str.lower(z))
yes else:
for i in range(x-y* 2): Seto tupeer(e))
print("%", 4)
() c=8
for x in range(1@):
for y in range(5):
cred
print(c)
3. Find and write the output of the following python code :
for Nane in [*Jayes', ‘Ramya’, ‘Taruna’, ‘Suraj’
print (Name)
if Name[2]
break
else:
print ("Findshed!")
print (“Got it!*)
[CBSE D 2015) PADHAAIL 4
COMPUTER SCIENCE With,
PYTHON,
oi
36
and what's the output ?
ray times will the following for 100P execute an’
. mate vr eange(-17, 2 (ij) for 4 in range(1,3,4):
for j in range (3): for San rangtieny
int (*
int(1, J)
5, Is the loop in the ote below infinite ? How do you know (CF sure) before you run it ?
m3
nes
while n< 10:
men-1
ne2*n-m
print(n, m)
Type C : Programming Practice/Knowledge based Questions
4. Write a program to print one of the words negative, 99 ‘or positive, according to whether variable is
sarthan zero, zero, or greater than zero, respectively. |
2. Write a program that returns True if the input number is an even number, False otherwise. |
3, Write a Python program that calculates and prints the number of seconds in a year.
44, Write a Python program that accepts two integers from the user and prints a message saying if fist
|
number is divisible by second number or if it is not.
ber in a year in the range 2 to 365 and asks the fist day
5. Write a program that asks the user the day num!
‘Then the program should display the day on the
of the year ~ Sunday ot Monday or Tuesday ete.
day-number that has been input.
6 One foot equals 12 inches. Write a
returns this length written in inches. Writ
‘eturns this value. Write a third function that accepts a number of inches an‘
Thee these three functions to write a program that asks the user for a number of
corresponding number of inches.
7. Write a program that reads an integer N from the keyboard computes and displays the
numbers from N to (2* N) if N is nonnegative. If N is a negative number, then it’s the
numbers from (2* N) to N. The starting and ending points are included in the sum.
Write a program that reads a date as an integer in the format MMDDYYYY. The program will all #
function that prints print out the date in the format ,
