PE 4 - TEAM SPORTS

Physical Education 4- Team Sports

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 MODULE 1

I. DESIRED LEARNING OUTCOMES:

• The purpose of this subject is to provide learning experiences that will lead to the development of basic
skills in team sports.
• Experience working as a team member, exercising self-discipline and self-sacrifice in order to achieve
team goals.
• Learn how to be a good teammate, making positive contributions, regardless of the role on the team or
activity.
• Students will be expected to achieve an intermediate level of skill in the selected team sports.
• Practice basic skills and tutoring through videos may be necessary in this new normal set-up for the
students to achieve the expected performance level.

Topics: BASKETBALL

A. History of Basketball

B. The Original 13 Rules of Basketball

C. The Game: Its Definitions

D. Facilities and Equipment’s

E. The Team

F. Players and Substitutes

G. The Coach

H. Playing Regulations

I. Basket Ball Rules

J. Basic Elements of Basketball

K. Scoring System

L. The Officials of the Game Basketball

M. Referees Hand Signal in Basketball

N. Basic Basketball Skills

Time Frame: 9 weeks

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II. INTRODUCTION:

A team sport includes any sport where individuals are organized into opposing teams which compete to
win. Team members act together towards a shared objective. This can be done in a number of ways such as
outscoring the opposing team. Team members set goals, make decisions, communicate, manage conflict, and solve
problems in a supportive, trusting atmosphere in order to accomplish their objectives. Examples are basketball,
volleyball, rugby, water polo, handball, lacrosse, cricket, baseball, and the various forms of association football

Team sports are practiced between opposing teams, where the players generally interact directly and
simultaneously between them to achieve an objective. The objective often involves teammates facilitating the
movement of a ball or similar object in accordance with a set of rules, in order to score points.

The meaning of a "team sport" has been disputed in recent years. Some types of sports have different
objectives or rules than "traditional" team sports. These types of team sports do not involve teammates facilitating
the movement of a ball or similar item in accordance with a set of rules, in order to score points. For example,
swimming, rowing, sailing, dragon boat racing, and track and field among others can also be considered team sports.
In other types of team sports, there may not be an opposing team or point scoring, for example, mountaineering.
Instead of points scored against an opposing team, the relative difficulty of the climb or walk is the measure of the
achievement. In some sports where participants are entered by a team, they do not only compete against members
of other teams but also against each other for points towards championship standings. For example, motorsport,
particularly Formula One. In cycling however, team members whilst still in competition with each other, will also
work towards assisting one, usually a specialist, member of the team to the highest possible finishing position.

Through the years, the popularity of team sport has continued to grow, positively influencing not just
athletes, but also fans, local and national economies. All over the world, the impact of team sport can be seen as
professional athletes live out their dreams while serving as role models, youth athletes develop life skills and follow
in the footsteps of their role models, fans bond over the love of their teams while supporting their economies with
their support.

III. CONTENT:

BASKETBALL

Basketball is a popular of recreation as well as an organized team sport. As few as two players can play,
all they need is a ball, a basket, and a level surface.

Basketball requires teamwork, quick reactions, and endurance. Tall players have an advantage because
they can reach closer to the basket or above other players to shoot and retrieve the ball on the rebound. But smaller
players also make contributions to their teams as shooters and ball handlers.

By mid-1900s, it had become the world’s most popular indoor sport. Today, millions of fans crowd into
gymnasiums and arenas to watch their favorite teams. Millions more watch games on television.

It is most important to understand the principles used in judging fouls and violations and their application
according to the spirit of the game. Thus, this work is recommended for the students studying sports in colleges
and universities.

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It will contribute not only to the love but also to the knowledge and understanding of this wonderful game.
Hence, the conflicts among officials, teams, and spectators may be decreased.

A. History of Basketball

James Naismith introduced basketball on December 21, 1891. Naismith was a physical education instructor at
the International Young Men's Christian Association Training School (now Springfield College) in Springfield,
Massachusetts, USA. Dr. Naismith, a native of Ontorio, Canada, originally intended to become a minister. After
his graduation in 1890, Naismith decided to devote his life in athletics and went to Springfield College as an
instructor in Physical Education. Dr. Luther Gulick, head of the school’s physical education department, asked
Naismith to create a vigorous indoor game to keep students occupied and at proper levels of fitness during the long
New England winters.

He then asked the building superintendent for two boxes to use as goals. The superintended had no boxes but
provided two peach baskets.

The baskets were attached to a gymnasium balcony railing 3 meters above the floor.

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 The First Basketball Court

In contrast with modern basketball nets, this peach basket retained its bottom, and balls had to be retrieved
manually after each "basket" or point scored; this proved inefficient, however, so a hole was drilled into the bottom
of the basket, allowing the balls to be poked out with a long dowel each time.

The peach baskets were used until 1906 when they were finally replaced by metal hoops with backboards.
A further change was soon made, so the ball merely passed through, paving the way for the game we know today.
A soccer ball was used to shoot baskets. Whenever a person got the ball in the basket, his team would gain a point.
Whichever team got the most points won the game. The baskets were originally nailed to the mezzanine balcony of
the playing court, but this proved impractical when spectators on the balcony began to interfere with shots. The
backboard was introduced to prevent this interference; it had the additional effect of allowing rebound shots.
Naismith's handwritten diaries, discovered by his granddaughter in early 2006, indicate that he was nervous about
the new game he had invented, which incorporated rules from a children's game called "Duck on a Rock", as many
had failed before it.

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The first game took place between members of Naismith’s physical education class in December, 1891. Naismith
evolved 5 basic principles when he created the rules.

● The game is played with a round ball and with the hands.

● A player cannot run with the ball.

● Any player can take up any position on the playing court at any time.

● There shall be no physical contact between players.

● The goal (basket) shall be placed horizontally above the floor of the court.

After the first experimental game, Naismith drafted the original 13 rules of the game. The rules were
published in Triangle magazine in January 15, 1892, under the title “A New Game”. The sport immediately caught
on.

B. The Original 13 Rules of Basketball

The ball may be thrown in any direction with one or both hands.

The ball may be batted in any direction with one or both hands, but never with the fist.

A player cannot run with the ball. The player must throw it from the spot on which he catches it, allowance to be
made for a man running at good speed.

The ball must be held by the hands. The arms or body must not be used for holding it.

No shouldering, holding, pushing, striking or tripping in any way of an opponent. The first infringement of this rule
by any person shall count as a foul; the second shall disqualify him until the next goal is made or, if there was
evident intent to injure the person, for the whole of the game. No substitution shall be allowed.

A foul is striking at the ball with the fist, violations of Rules 3 and 4 and such as described in Rule 5.

If either side makes three consecutive fouls it shall count as a goal for the opponents (consecutive means without
the opponents in the meantime making a foul).

A goal shall be made when the ball is thrown or batted from the grounds into the basket and stays there, providing
those defending the goal do no touch or disturb the goal. If the ball rests on the edges, and the opponent moves the
basket, it shall count as a goal.

When the ball goes out of bounds, it shall be thrown into the field and played by the first person touching it. In case
of dispute the umpire shall throw it straight into the field. The thrower-in is allowed five seconds. If he holds it
longer, it shall go to the opponent. If any side persists in delaying the game, the umpire shall call a foul on them.

The umpire shall be the judge of the men and shall note the fouls and notify the referee when three
consecutive fouls have been made. He shall have power to disqualify men according to Rule 5.

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 The referee shall be judge of the ball and shall decide when the ball is in play, in bounds, to which side it
belongs, and shall keep the time. He shall decide when a goal has been made and keep account of the goals, with
any other duties that are usually performed by a referee.

The time shall be two fifteen-minute halves, with five minutes rest between. The side making the most
goals in that time shall be declared the winner.

The first basketball game held in public was played on March 2, 1892, between students and teachers at
the Springfield College. The students won 5-1 before a crowd of over 200.In the same year, lew Allen of
Hartford, Connecticut, made cylindrical baskets of heavy woven wire to eliminate Naismith’s peach basket.

Basketball was played for the first time as an Olympic sport in Berlin in 1936. Out of respect for Dr.
Naismith, the National Association of Basketball Coaches raised money to enable him to see his game played at
the world’s greatest amateur sports spectacle, the Olympic Games. He was seventy-five years old at that time.

1898-1900s – United States introduced the sport of Basketball through the YMCA in the Philippine Islands.1913
– The first ever Philippine national basketball team was formed to compete for the first Far Eastern Championship
Games (the precursor of the Asian Games) held at Manila, Philippines.

Philippine Basketball Association

The Philippine Basketball Association is the second oldest professional league in the world. The first
game was played on April 9, 1975 at the Araneta Coliseum in Cubao, Quezon City, Philippines. It was founded as
a "rebellion" of several teams from the now-defunct Manila Industrial and Commercial Athletic Association
which was tightly controlled by the Basketball Association of the Philippines (now defunct), the then-FIBA
recognized national association. Nine teams from the MICAA participated in the league's first season that opened
in April 9, 1975.

C. The Game: It’s Definition

BASKETBALL GAME

Basketball is played by two (2) teams of five (5) players each. The aim of each team is to score into the
opponents’ basket and to prevent the other team from gaining control of the ball or scoring. They may use only

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their hands to control the ball, and are not allowed to run while holding it. A field goal counts 2 points; 3 points if
it is thrown from outside the 3-point line.

BASKET: OWN/OPPONENTS

The basket that is attacked by a team is the opponents’ basket and the basket which is defended by a team
is the team’s own basket.

BALL MOVEMENT

The ball may be passed, thrown, tapped, rolled or dribbled in any direction, subject to the restrictions of
the relevant articles of the rules.

WINNER OF A GAME

The team that has scored the greater number of points at the end of playing time of the fourth period, or,
if necessary, any extra period, shall be the winner of the game.

For both men's and women's teams, a standard uniform consists of a pair of shorts and a jersey with a
clearly visible number, unique within the team, printed on both the front and back. Players wear high-top sneakers
that provide extra ankle support. Typically, team names, players' names and, outside of North America, sponsors
are printed on the uniforms.

A limited number of time-outs, clock stoppages requested by a coach (or sometimes mandated in the
NBA) for a short meeting with the players, are allowed. They generally last no longer than one minute (140
seconds in the NBA) unless, for televised games, a commercial break is needed.

The game is controlled by the officials consisting of the referee (referred to as crew chief in the NBA),
one or two umpires (referred to as referees in the NBA) and the table officials. For college, the NBA, and many
high schools, there are a total of three referees on the court. The table officials are responsible for keeping track of
each team scoring, timekeeping, individual and team fouls, player substitutions, team possession arrow, and the
shot clock.

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Facilities and Equipment

1. Ball – the approved color of the ball is orange and its roundness should be checked. The circumference
must fall between 75 cm. to 78 cm. The weight should be between 600-650 grams.
2. Basket – the net suspended from the backboard.
a. Ring – metal ring is 45 cm.
b. Nets – it can be of white cord plastic mesh, to hold the ball briefly as it drops through.

3. Backboard – its material should be rigid, flat and either white or transparent.
4. Game Clock - The game clock is used for timing periods of play and the intervals between them.
5. Time-out Clock - A stopwatch is used for timing time-outs.
6. 30-Second Device - The device shall be automatic, digital count-down type, indicating the time in seconds.
The signal of the device should automatically sound with a very loud signal when it reaches ‘zero.’
7. Score sheet - a scores sheet it is used by the official scorer for recording games.
8. Scoreboard - the scoreboard shall indicate the time remaining in a period as prescribed by the game clock.
It shall also indicate the points scored and the number of time-outs taken by each team, the fouls committed
by each player on the teams, and the number of team fouls from 1 to 8 for games in 2x20 minutes and from
1 to 5 for games played in 4x12 minutes.

9. Playing Court -While the dimensions of individual basketball courts vary, a playing area 84 ft (25.6 m)
long and 50 ft (15.2 m) wide—predominantly used in recreational, high school, and intercollegiate
competition—is considered ideal for most players. Professional basketball courts are slightly larger, 94 ft
(28.7 m) long and 50 ft wide. In addition to size, courts can vary in other ways, such as in the radius of the
circle situated at the center of the court and in the distance of the 3-point line (from beyond which a score
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 counts for 3 points) from the basket. For example, the 3-point line in high school and college games is 19
ft 9 in (6 m) from the basket, while in international play it is 21 ft 6 in (6.6 m), and in the National Basketball
Association (NBA) it extends as far as 23 ft 9 in (7.2 m).

Playing Court and Line Dimensions

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E. The Team

Each team shall consist of:

● Not more than 10 team members for games played in 2 halves of 20 minutes;

● Not more than 12 team members for games played in 4 periods of 12 minutes or for tournaments in

which a team has to play more than 3 games;

● A coach, and if a team wishes, an assistant coach;

● A captain, who shall be one of the team members eligible to play;

● A maximum of 5 team followers with special responsibilities; e.g., doctor, physiotherapist, statistician,

Interpreter.

F. Players and Substitutes

A team member is a player when he is on the playing court and is entitled to play. A team member is a substitute
when he is not playing on the court or is on the playing court but not entitled to play because he has been disqualified
or has committed 5 fouls.

A substitute becomes a player when the official beckons him to enter the playing court. A player becomes a
substitute when the official beckons that player’s replacement into the playing court.

The 5 players on a team play both attack and defense. When their team has the ball, they are attacking; when
their opponents have the ball, they are defending. Because possession of the ball can change rapidly, all players
must be alert so that they can quickly switch between attack and defense.

Normally, a team consists of 2 guards, 2 forward, and a center. However, players can move anywhere on the
court at any time, no matter what their position. A team can also vary the positions at any time, for example by
playing 3 guards and 2 forwards. The guards are usually the smallest and quickest players. They normally play
farther from the basket than the forwards or center.

Guards (also called point guard or playmaker) should be good dribblers and passers. They direct the attack
and start most of the moves. Some teams have a point guard, who has the major ball handling responsibilities. The
other guard is the shooting guard and is often the team’s best shooter.

Forwards are generally taller and stronger than guards. Forwards usually play in the area from the end
line to the free throw lane. They should be good rebounders and be able to maneuver for shots close to the baskets.
Forwards are expected to be good middle and long distance shooters and to score baskets from penetration.

The Center is usually the team’s tallest player and best rebounder. A center who is a good rebounder and
scorer can dominate the game. Most of the goals they score are from close range shots and from rebound situations.

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G. The Coach

The coach is a basketball team’s teacher. He or she organizes practice sessions to prepare the team for
each game and selects the players who will start the game. During the game, the coach may substitute players,
trying to use players who perform best in certain situations. The coach decides when the team needs a time-out
and determines tactics.

A couch must analyze the opposing team, determining its strengths and weaknesses. Often an assistant
coach will scout (watch) a game involving a forthcoming opponent and report back to the coach on the best
strategy for playing the team.

H. Playing Regulations

Playing Time, Tied Score & Extra Periods

● The game shall consist of 4 periods of 10 minutes.

● There shall be intervals of 2 minutes between the 1st and 2nd period, between the 3rd

and the 4th period and before each extra period.

● There shall be half-time interval of 15 minutes.

● If the score is tied at the end of playing time for the 4 th period, the game shall be continued with an

extra period of 5 minutes or wit as many such periods of 5 minutes as are necessary to break the tie.

● In all extra periods the teams shall continue to play towards the same baskets as in the 3rd &4thperiods.

Beginning of the Game

● For all games, the 1st team named in the program (home team) shall have the choice

of basket and team bench. This choice shall be made known to the referee at least 20 minutes before the
game is scheduled to begin.

● Before the 1st and third period, teams are entitled to warm-up in the half of the court in which their
opponent’s basket is situated.

● Teams shall exchange baskets for the 3rd period.

● The game cannot begin if one of the teams is not on the court with 5 players ready to play.

● The game officially begins with a jump ball at the center circle, when the ball is legally tapped by a
jumper.

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Status of the Ball

● The ball can be either live or dead.

● The ball becomes live when:

> during a jump ball, the ball is legally tapped by a jumper;

> during a free throw, an official places the ball at the disposal of the free-throw shooter;

> during a throw-in, the ball is at the disposal of a player for the throw-in.

● The ball becomes dead when:

> any field goal or free throw is made;

> an official blows his whistle while the ball is live;

> it is apparent that the ball will not enter the basket on a free throw which is to be followed by:

another free throw (s);

a further penalty (free throw (s) and /or throw-in)

➢ The game clock signal sound to end playing time for each period or extra period;
➢ The 24 second device signal sounds while the ball is live

I. Basketball Rules

SCORING: A player scores when he manages to throw the ball into the basket, with the ball passing
through the basket from above the hoop.

• 2 point field goal- a shot made from anywhere during play inside the 3 pt arc.
• 3 point field goal- a shot made from anywhere outside the 3 pt arc.
• Free throw- 1 point is awarded to an unguarded shot taken from behind the free throw line while the clock
is stopped.

FOULS: A foul is an illegal action that can be committed by player from one team against a player from the
opposing team. Fouls results in one or more free throws awarded to the opposing team

Blocking- impeding the progress of an opponent by extending one or both arms horizontally or getting in the
path of a moving player.

Charging- running into a stationary player while you are moving with the ball.

Hacking- the player hits the arm or hand of the person holding the ball.

Holding- the player holds the person with or without the ball.

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 VIOLATIONS: A violation occurs when the player breaks one of the rules of Basketball. A violation results
in the awarding of the ball to the opponents. Violations results in a change of possession with the team in
bounding the ball at the side line opposite where the infringement took place

• Traveling- moving illegally with the ball

• Three seconds- an offensive player remains in the key (free throw lane- the area under the basket) for
more than 3 seconds
• Double dribble- a player dribbles the ball with both hands at the same time or they stop and then start
dribbling again

J. Basic Elements of Basketball

In basketball there are three basic ways to move the ball:

1. Dribbling is the way to progress with the ball by an individual player, in order to get free from his
opponent or to get in a good passing or shooting position.
2. Passing the ball is the quickest and most effective way to get the ball form player to player.
3. Shooting is the final movement to complete the offensive action in order to score a basket. In basketball,
generally, shots are taken every 15-25 seconds, and nearly half of the attempts are successful. The many
goals scored are the features that make basketball interesting, attractive and exciting for the spectators.

K. Scoring System

When the ball contacts the floor within the court boundaries or an error is made, the team that did not
make the error is awarded a point, whether they served the ball or not. If the ball hits the line, the ball is counted
as in. The team that won the point serves for the next point. If the team that won the point served in the previous
point, the same player serves again.

If the team that won the point did not serve the previous point, the players of the team rotate their position
on the court in a clockwise manner. The game continues, with the first team to score 25 points (and be two points
ahead) awarded the set. Matches are best-of-five sets and the fifth set (if necessary) is usually played to 15 points.
(Scoring differs between leagues, tournaments, and levels; high schools sometimes play best-of-three to 25; in the
NCAA games are played best-of-five to 25 as of the 2008 season.).

Before 1999, points could be scored only when a team had the serve (side-out scoring) and all sets went
up to only 15 points. The FIVB changed the rules in 1999 (with the changes being compulsory in 2000) to use the
current scoring system (formerly known as rally point system), primarily to make the length of the match more
predictable and to make the game more spectator- and television-friendly.

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L. The Officials of the Game Basketball

The officials consist of a referee, one or two umpires, one or two scorers, and one or two timekeepers.

1. Referee - is in charge of the game. The referee and umpire stay on the court to ensure that the game is
played by the rules. They both can call any foul or violation of the rules of the games they see anywhere
on the court.

2. Scorer – one scorer operates the electronic scoreboard. the other scorer keeps the official score sheet,
recording all the field goals, free throws, fouls and time outs.
3. Timekeeper – one timekeeper operates the electronic game clock. A second one operates the shot clock if
the rules call for each team to shoot within a given time limit. The timekeeper must stop the clock every
time the referee or umpire blows the whistle.

M. Referee’s Hand Signal in Basketball

The Clock

Start Clock Stop Clock 60 Sec Timeout

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 Fouls

Technical Foul Blocking

Double Foul

Holding
Hand Check Pushing/Charging

Player Control Foul Intentional Foul

Illegal Hand Use

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 Violations

Traveling
Illegal Dribble 3 Sec Violation

Palming the Ball 5 Sec Violation

N. Basic Basketball Skills

1. Passing – the quickest and most effective way to get the ball from player to player.

Kinds of Pass

a. Chest Pass – is the most accurate and used as a short and medium distance pass to keep the ball
away from a defensive player.
b. Bounce Pass – is used to break the defense of a taller player. It is the most definite and effective
kind of pass, especially if the defensive players are good in speed and endurance.
c. Overhead Pass – is used as a medium and long-distance pass. A pass is used by taller players,
especially when they are closely guarded by smaller players, to avoid interception
and steal from the defensive players.

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 d. Baseball Pass – the pass can be used anywhere on the court and is used most frequently as
a long pass initiating the fast break.

2. Dribbling – to bounce the ball on the floor. Is the way to progress with the ball by an individual player, in
order to get free from his opponent or to get in a good passing and shooting position.

Kinds of Dribbling

a. High Speed Dribble – this is used when a player is unguarded and moving quickly, leading a fast
break, and driving to the basket without opposition.
b. Low Control Dribble – this is used when a player is closely guarded or in a congested area. Both the
body and the ball are kept low.
c. Crossover Dribble – this skill is used when a player wanted to change directions. It is effective only
if the defender is guarding loosely.

3. Shooting – the primary objective of the game of basketball is to score goals. Therefore, all players should
be able to shoot a variety of shots from varying distances which increases the effectiveness of player.

Kinds of Shots

a. Set Shot - is taken from a standing position, with neither foot leaving the floor, typically used for
free throws
b. Jump Shot - is taken while in mid-air, when the ball is released near the top of the jump. This
provides much greater power and range, and it also allows the player to elevate over the
defender.
c. Hook Shot – the most difficult shot and the hardest to block.
d. Lay-up - this shot requires the player to be in motion toward the basket, and to "lay" the ball "up"
and into the basket, typically off the backboard (the backboard-free, underhand version is called
a finger roll).
e. Slum dunk - the most crowd-pleasing, and typically highest-percentage accuracy shot in which
the player jumps very high, and throws the ball downward, straight through the hoop.

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Calo, Robert Milton A. Volleyball Coaches Handbook Level I. PAVA 2001.

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Gabayoyo, Richard J. Essentials of Basketball , Iloilo City, 2004

Gabayoyo, Richard J. Fundamentals of Volleyball, Iloilo City, 2000

Hartyani, Zsolt. Basketball for Everyone 2nd edition. Germany: FIBA

Jimena, Edgar C. Ball Sports for Fitness (A Textbook for College PE4), 2006

Kilkenny, Bernard. Volleyball Rules ( with 1996 Olympic Rule Changes) London: 1997

Provido, Letecia. Team Sports, Iloilo City, 1998

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