This document contains information about a chemistry exam for high school students including:
1) Questions about the electron configuration of hydrogen atoms, Rydberg atoms, and bond energies.
2) Thermochemical data and reactions involving methanol, formaldehyde, and water. Calculation of reaction rates and equilibrium constants.
3) Details of a direct methanol fuel cell including the reaction equations and thermochemistry.
The exam covers topics like atomic structure, thermochemistry, gas laws, and fuel cell chemistry. Students are asked to calculate quantities, analyze experimental data, derive equations, and explain concepts.
This document contains information about a chemistry exam for high school students including:
1) Questions about the electron configuration of hydrogen atoms, Rydberg atoms, and bond energies.
2) Thermochemical data and reactions involving methanol, formaldehyde, and water. Calculation of reaction rates and equilibrium constants.
3) Details of a direct methanol fuel cell including the reaction equations and thermochemistry.
The exam covers topics like atomic structure, thermochemistry, gas laws, and fuel cell chemistry. Students are asked to calculate quantities, analyze experimental data, derive equations, and explain concepts.
This document contains information about a chemistry exam for high school students including:
1) Questions about the electron configuration of hydrogen atoms, Rydberg atoms, and bond energies.
2) Thermochemical data and reactions involving methanol, formaldehyde, and water. Calculation of reaction rates and equilibrium constants.
3) Details of a direct methanol fuel cell including the reaction equations and thermochemistry.
The exam covers topics like atomic structure, thermochemistry, gas laws, and fuel cell chemistry. Students are asked to calculate quantities, analyze experimental data, derive equations, and explain concepts.
This document contains information about a chemistry exam for high school students including:
1) Questions about the electron configuration of hydrogen atoms, Rydberg atoms, and bond energies.
2) Thermochemical data and reactions involving methanol, formaldehyde, and water. Calculation of reaction rates and equilibrium constants.
3) Details of a direct methanol fuel cell including the reaction equations and thermochemistry.
The exam covers topics like atomic structure, thermochemistry, gas laws, and fuel cell chemistry. Students are asked to calculate quantities, analyze experimental data, derive equations, and explain concepts.
BQ GrAO DtrC VA DAO TAO KVTHI CHQN HQC SINH GIOI QUoC GIA
TRUNG Hec pu6 rHONG
NAtu Hec zozz -zaz3
DE THI cHiNH THIIc Mdn: HOA HQC
Thdi gian: 180 phut (khon7 kA thdi gian giao dr) Ngay thi: 2410212023 DA thi g6m 05 trang, 06 cdu
Cho:H= 1,0; N: 14,0; O = 16,0; F: 19,0; Na = 23,0; Cl = 35,5; Co = 58,9; Br:'79,9;Zu:1;2r"=26;ko:27;
c=3.108ms-l,e:1,6.1O-leC;F:96485CmoI-l;R:8,314JKlmol-l;frangsOBoltznannh:1,381.16-23;6-t, h:6,626.10-34J s; N.r = 6,02.1023 mol-r: tt 298 K' 2'30lRr =0,a592; I bar = 105 Pa; 0 oC:273 K. F Ki hiQa: r: rhn; /: l6ng; k khi; h: horr.
CAu I (5,0 dbm)
l. Neng lugng cria electron (E ) trong nguy6n tri hydrogen dugc tfnh theo c6ng thric: D _ 1,312x1d , En=-T ftJmol-') trong d6, nLd si5 luqr,g tu chinh (n : l, 2, 3, ...). niiit reng sg chuy6n dich electron giila c6c tr4ng th6i cua nguy6n tu hydrogen chi dugc phdp khi ch6nh lQch s6 luqmg tu orbital 1l/; gita cdc tr4ng th6i beng tl. a) MQt nguy6n trt hydrogen o trang th6i ban dAu (n = n.) chuy6n vd trang thdi n: 1 thi ph6tram6t photon c6 bu6c s6ng 102,57 nm. X6c dinh n" vd vi6t c6u hinh electron ctra nguy0n tu hydrogen & tr4ng thdi ban dAu. b) Nguy0n tri hydrogen o f l.l.a c6 th€ chuy6n vA mric nlng lugng th6p hcrn kh6c. Lfp lufn vi viCt cAu hinh electron cria nguyOn tt hydrogen d mrlc ning lugng thAp h<rn niy. c) C6c nguy6n tt hydrogen 0 tr4ng th6i rmg v6i n ritlon dugc ggi ln c6c nguy6n tt ki6u Rydberg. Cho ring, khi mQt nguy6n tu hydrogen ki6u Rydberg (n = 110) va ch4m nhiQt vdi mQt nguy6n tir kh6c thi nhfln duo. c mQt ndng lugng e = kaT (J), trong d6 fB la hang sd Boltzmann, f (K) ld nhi$t dO. Tinh to6n d6 chi ra xem n6ng luqng va ch4m nhiet d 0 oC c6 dt de ion h6a nguyOn tu Rydberg ndy kh6ng? 2. Li6n kiSt hydrogen li mOt lo4i tucmg t6c quan treng. MOt ktit qui tinh to6n ndng luqrng liOn k6t hydrogen (Eur) ki,3u X-H"'OHz vi tlien tich cria nguy€n tu H (qH) tong li6n k6t X-H (X = C, O, N) trong pha khi (tuong t6c C-H'.'OHz ciing duo. c x6t li mQt fien ki5t hydrogen r6t y6u) nhu sau: C-H"'OH2 O-H"'OH2 N-H"'OH2 trong CHc"'OH2 trong HzO"'OH2 trong NH+*"'OH2 Err.H(kJ mol-r) 3,0 20,0 80,0 qH (e) 0,066 0,1 65 0,352 a) Srl dung ba c{p s6 liQu (Em, ail 6 bing tr6n, x6c dinh phucrng trinh bfc mQt m6 tnt6t nh6t m6i fien hg gita Ertn (kJ mol-r) voi qn (e). b) Li6n ktit hydrogen c6 trong c6u truc cta c6c proton hydrate dang H(H2O)i-, (m = 1,2, ...,20). Trong proton hydrate HsOj c6 hai li6n ki5t hydrogen, mdi li6n kiSt cO dq dai 1,22 A; b6n li6n k6t O-H, m5i liCn t<tit cO d0 dai 0,98 A vi khoang c6ch giira hai nguy6n tft O le 2,44 A. i) VE c6ng thric c6u tAo cira HsOi vi quy g6n (c6 gi6i thich) c6c dQ ddi li6n ktit. ,D Giei thich t4i sao ning lugng li6n ki5t hydrogen trong H5Oj ( t:g kJ mol-r) cao hon so vcyi cdc gi|fiEr.Htrong bang tr€n. c) Nghi6n cr?u thgc nghiQm xric dinh tlugc khoang c6ch gita2 nguy6n ttr oxygen c6ch nhau 2 li€n k6t trong proton hydrate HzOi 1d,2,43 Avd2,73 A. Vc (c6 giii thich) c6ng thric cAu tao ctra HzOi phu hqp v6i k6t qu6 thlrc nghiQm. Trang I/5 Ciu II (4,0 dihm) c6c gi|tri nhiet hinh thdnh chu6n (LFL|) vd nhiet dung cf (coi ld kh6ng php thuQc nhiet do) cria c6c ch6t cho tron sau: Chdt oz(k) Nz(t) Hz(k) Hzo(h) CH:OH(fr) HCHO(e) LrHLs, kJ rnol-r 0 0 0 --241 ,93 -201 ,00 -109,60 C\,J K-t mol-r 29,40 29,L0 29,94 3 3,60 44,I0 35,40 Coi: C6c khf, h6n hqp l&i xri sg nhu khi lf tuong; k*rOng l,.hf chi g m Oz vi Nz trong d6 Oz chi6m 2A% tfch. Ap su6t chuAn po:1 bar. cj lHrong khil = 29,16 J K r mol-r. Thi6u nhiet (nhiet ch6y) chuAn cua cH+(*) la -890,5 7 kI mol-r. Formaldehyde (HCHO) duqc t6ng hqp tir methanol (CHTOH) vd oxygen khi c6 m{t mQt ch6t xric t6c chon loc theo phuong trinh sau: CH:OH (k)+ llzoz(k) -* HCHO (r) + HzO (h) (t) t. N6u phan tmg (1) tao ra nudc d the long thay vi nu6c d ttre froi theo phuong trinh: CH:OH (fr) + t/2Oz(fr)-- HCHO (f) + HzO (/) (1b) Kh6ng tinh to6n, chi ra (c6 gi6i thfch) d 298 K c6c gi6 triA,Flollb;vd 4,,S0(lb) cria phin img (lb) 6m hon hay duong hon c6c gi6 tri tuong img cria phan rmg (1). z.X&bdi torin sau voi cic giirttrii5t: ;l trong ttri6t Uiphan tmg 6p sudt t6ng dugc 6n rtinh n I bar; ii) tniet Ui ph* ulg vi bu6ng c6p nhi€t duo. c thii5t k6 sao cho c6ch nhi$t tuy6i aai va cole sO frdp thp nhiQt kh6ng dang k6. Thlrc t6,lu6n c6 phan,jmg (2) x6y ra ddng thoi vcri ph6n tmg (l): CHIOH (fr) HCHO (/r) + Hz - (ft) Q) a) Ctrou6tnengsocanuang UqdzgsKcuaphanrmg(1)ve(2)mntuqtld K2e8(l) =3,95.1(u?; k*r(z)= 3,37ta-n.
trong d6 .Kr, vi K1 tan tuqt U trang s6 c6n tang o nhiet dO Tr vd nhiet dO T; L,H$, U ti6n thi6n enthalpy
cria phan trng o Tr, ACf U Ui6n thi6n nhiQt dung deng dp cria phan rmg. 86 qua inh huong cria 6p sudt. ii) X6c ainh frang st5 c6n b6ng ctra phan img (l) vn (2) d 700 K. f; n6nxmol methanol (298 K, *, l) theo m6t dudmg d6n, vi kh6ng khf (298 K, chtia 0,5 mol Oz) theo mQt <Iuong alntlrac vio thiiit bi plan img chria xric t6c o nhiQt dg 700 K dugc gifr kh6ng dOi. Xac dinh thanh phAn c&r bing (% mol) cta h5n hqrp e nhiQt t10 700 K. BiSt ring rra" irqrp t<tri canieng kh6ng chria !.hf oz; nhiQt t6a ra tir phan tme (l) chi dung i16 n6ng nhiet dO h5n hgrp khi ban dAu l6n 700 K vd di! *ay ,u phan rmg (2). t c) Trong cdng nghiQp, toirn bQ h6n hgrp khf di ra tu thi6t bi phan rmg 0 ll.z.b dugc ldm ngu6iAang ap dA, 298 K. lho rang, toan bQ lugng nhiQt t6a ra (Q) tt su ldm nguQi niy ducrc dung de ia- khi trong bu6ng cAp nhiQt l€n nhiQt ttQ Tz. X6c dinh nhigt da Tz n6u uuong "O"if.ft6ng nrriet le hinh tru kin c6 brin kinh h 1,3 m, cao 2,0 m chta s8n mQt lugng kh6ng khf d 1,013 bar, 298 K. "6p 3. Khi tu nhiOn dugc tim th6y e thAm lgc dia trong d6 thenh ph6n chri yiSu h methane u aan$ methane hydrate. Trong methane hydrate, phdn tri methane bi ..nhdt,, trong
C m$t l6ng clathr.ate tlugc t4o n6n tu c6c phdn tu nu6c. Hinh b6n ld mQt l6ng clatlrate. M6i dinh cta l6ng li mOt nguy6n trl oxygen. irr6i canh cua l6ng rtugc t4o Uoi fen ti$t cQng h6a fi vd li6n k6t hydrogen gitia cric nguyOn tu oxygen vi hydrogen (o-H...o). a) X6c ttinh sO phfur tr-r nu6c, s6 fien kiSt hydrogen cta cdc c4nh vd s6 m{t cria mQt l6ng clathrate. b)x6ctIinhs6m3methanehydratecAna6cungc6pdri1uqrrgnhietQofII.2.c.Bit5t* -i-^ 1t *3 *^+L^-^ hydrate 7rr , Ldngclothrote Lang ctothrote tatq m3 me$ang L-,1-^+^ giii -L1-- L-r-- ^:2: ph6ng hoin r- \,- a.t toiur .:;':.:' 164 mi trri -rttine (d aiAu tien chuAn); san ph,im d6t ctuiy chi t4o ra k*ri COz vd nu6c; hiQu su5t cua qu.i rinh *ray U mX. Niiu hpc sinh khdng ttnh duqc Q d !' II.2.c, cd thd sic dqng luqns nhiQt Q1 : 5,0. I03 kI dA tinh Tz vd !, II.3.b.
1. a) Vitit phuong tinh c6c btin phan rmg ryV ra tr6n c6c diQn cgc ctra pin. b) Cho biiit 1cO gini thich) nhfrTrg sy thay AOi auoi d6y c6 ldm tdng sric diQn ttgng lf thuy6t cta pin nhi6n liQu tr€n hay kh6ng? ;) Chdt xtic tic dugc srl dgng tr€n c6c ttiQn cgc. ,r) San phem h nudc e the hoi thay cho *re tOng. 2. r)Xicdlnh c6ng clrc d4r c6 th6 thu dugc tir pin DMFC o diAu kiQn chuin cho sy tao thdnh 2,0 mol tIzO (r) d 25 oC. Tir d6, xdc dinh stc diQn ctQng cgc dar ly thuyiSt md pin ndy c6 the Aat duo. c trong cirng mQt <ti6u kiQn x6c tlinh cdng cgc dqi. b) Tinh ghi-et kem theo phin mg (l) khi pin lim viQc. c) Tir mi5i quan-hQ gitra bi.Sn thiOn n[ng lugng tg do Gibbs cta phan img vdi sric diQn dQng cria pin, rut ra phuong trinh bi6udi6n qr phg thuQc cria st?c ttiQn ttQng chuAn (E") vdo nhiet dO. Dya vdo pt""rrg trinh thu dugc, chi ra voi di€u kiQn nio thi ^E" sE it php thuQc vdo nhiQt clQ nh5tf d) St dgng phuong trinh thu dugc b ! llt.2,c, x6c dinh sric di$n dQng chuAn cta pin d 80 oC. 86 qua anh huong cria nhiQt itQ <ti5n cdc gi|tri ctia L,Ho vir A,S0. d) HiQu su6t cria pin nhi€n.liQu dugc tinh tir ti s6 giira bii5n thi6n.n6ng luqng cgc d4i cua qu6 hinh duoi dang c6ng tliQn vi biiSn thi6n enthalpy cira ph6n img. X6c ctinh hiQu suSt ci,a pin O di6u ki6n chuAn. 3. Phucng 6n thgc hinh MQt hqc sinh muiSn x6c dinh hang s6 bdn cria phtc ch6t [Cu(NH:)o]'* barrg phuong ph6p diQn h6a trong phdng thi nghiQm. O6 dat duo.c muc dich d6, cAn thitit lfp mQt pin diQn h6a ttr hai tliQn cuc: Cu I Cu2\-Cr vi Znl Z**, C2,trong d6 Ct vir Cz lan luqt ld n6ng ttQ mol cria dung dich CuSO+ vd dung dich ZnSO+. Sau d6, tii5n hanh do sric tli-6n ttQng cta pin. MOt sd thao t6c thUc hinh chinh nhu sau: Budc /: Dung giey rip (gi6y nh6m) ldm s4ch bA m{t cria hai 16 d6ng vi kEm. L6y chinh x6c cirng mQt th6 tfch Zr dungdich CuSOc vi dung dich ZnSOo, lh luqt cho vio c6c dung 16 tl6ng (Ciic l)va c6c ttpg 16 kem.(Ciic //). Dung dtathiry tinh khu6y nhe dung d!ch. Budc 2: ThilSt Qp pin vi dirng day d6n niSi c6c diQn cgc cria pin voi v6n k6 c6 diQn trd r6t tOn. Budc 3: Bdt v6n k(i vd dgc gi6 tri sr?c cti€n dQng cta pin (Er)tr6n v6n k6. Budc 4:Ldy chinlr x6c mQt th6 tich V2 dungdich NHr c6 nting ttQ Cr (mol L-t) cho vdo Ciic I. Dtng dta thriy tinh knuey nhe dung d!ch. V6n k6 Budc 5: Dg c gi6d stc dien dQng cta pin (82) tr6n vdn k6. a) Tra lbi circ cdu h6i sau ddy: ;ifa, sao can lam sAch Ue mat 16 d6ng ve 16 kEm (budc /) tru6c EI khi cho tiiSp xirc voi dung {ich CuSO Tyildung dich ZnSOq? ii) CLc th6 tfch Vr ve Vz n€u kh6ng ldy chfnh xirc sE tryc ti6p gdy ra sai s5 cua dai lugng nio trong qu6 trinh tfnh to6n h6ng sO bAn cta phtc chfu? \'r's I r'es rr Diy N qe Diy.xanh sav d6 ,av'xann b) D6 6p hO do srtc tliQn ttQng cria pin (bu6c 2) cAn dirng mQt | I
dey d6n bgc nhlra mdu xanh, mQt diy d6n bqc nhga mdu d6 n6i v6i v6n t6 (ntru hinhten) vd mQt dung cu Y. t ,) Chi ra (co gei thich) ti cln n6i dAu con lai cua day d6" mdu xanh vi miu tt6 vdi cac di6m Pl,V|ronghinh fren. ,r) DUng cU Y li gi vi vai trd cria n6? Cho biiit: EZ,r*,",:0,34 Y; E)n*,r,: -0,76Y.
Cf,u IV(3,0 itilm)
Phan rmg th6 ph5i tu trong phr?c ch6t [ML+]2- bdng t6c nhan X trong m6i truong acid yi5u xiy ra theo phucrng trinh phan rmg: 2X + [ML+]2- [MLzXz] + 2L- (t) Ki hieu [ML4J2- ld, Phl ve [MLzxz)ld, Ph2.
Trang 315 Quy luflt dQng hec ctra phan fmg dugc viiSt nhu sau: thll ginn(phrit), x v = kCir'.Ci\tCY, trong d6 o1, n2, n3 lan luqt le bOc -6
ri€ng phdn cta phan tmg theo H*, PhI vi X. -8
Co(X) = 0,20
1- - Co(X) = 0,45 M D6 nghiOn cuu dQng hqc ctia phan img tr0n, nguoi ta thgc -10 l-
hien cdc thf ngliQrn 1,2 vi 3. C6c try nghiQm niy chi khic nhau & n6ng d0 d6u ctra circ ch6t vd pH, cdn cdc \-q\tr -12 diOu kiQn kh6c dugc gifr 6n dinh nhu nhau. t-,0 1. Th{ nghiQm I vd idugc tii5n hanh d6ng thoi o pH 6n U -ro E dinh bdng 5,0; n6ng d0 ctAu ctra PhI blng 2,5 mmol L-1, nhmg nOng dO dAu cta X (C"(X)) kh6c nhau. Hdy x6c -18
dinh UAr rieng phen cira phaq thg"d6i voi PhI vd X dtra viro -20
t<6t quathgc nghiQrn dugc bi6u di6n trong dO q
e hinh b6n. -22 2. Tiong thf i7hi\m 3, n6ng dO cta cdc ch6t trong h5n hqp phin tmg duqc x6c dinh b[ng phuong ph6p do -ctQ : frap tfrU qu*!. Co-li n6ng dO Phl t+i ttrti dGm t O. O mQt budc s6ng x6c ttinh: goi er, ez va et tan tuqt ld he sO tr6p'tfru mJl cria X, Phl vi Ph2;Ao, At vir A- Hn tugt ta a6 n6p thu quang cria dung dich tar thoi diiSm t = 0, *froi a6* , vd thdi rli€m phan rmg k€t th[c, /-. OO Mp thg quang cria dturg di.ch tu6n theo biiSu thric: A=! EilCi , I
trong d6 / h trang s6.
at f[i6t hp bi6u-thtc tinfr hang s6 t6c elQ phan img theo Ao, At, A-, Co vi r ni5u Xvit Phl duqc 6y theo dring (e 15 ti toq"g trong phuong tri-ntr trOa trqc, bdc ctraphan rrng kh6ng thay.d6i sovoi thi nghiQm d y IV.l. ;t : Tr"rg 6i5" nei' C"1ft4: 5.0 mmol I,-'; C"CX; 10,0 mmol L-', pH 6n ctinh bang 5,5; k5t qui do Ab n6p thp qoang cria dung dich h6n hqp phan img theo thoi gian nhu sau: t, phft 0 215 5,0 10 15 20 @
DO h6p thu quang 0,632 0,600 0,571 0,522 0,48 1 0,45 1 0,120 (mg. ViCt phuong Fnh luflt ti5c AO AAy dt cho phan img (l) vn x6c dinh trang sO t6c ttO cria phan l. VtOt ro thii crla phan rmg (1) dugc de xu6t nhu sau: IML 472- +x+ ML 4xJ2- nhanh (budc 1) [ML+X]'- k', > [ML3X]- + L- (buoc 2) k',> tMLrXzJ- [ML3X]-+X (buoc 3)
[MLrXz]- ko > tML zXzT + r (buoc 4)
Bi€n lu6n vi chi ratrong c6c budc 2,3 yir4, budc nio quy6t ainn t6" d0 phan img vi giai thich dugc quy luft dQng hqc tfurc nghi$m.
C0u V 13,0 diAml
l. Khi rno Af 0i cfr6t khi & ttiAu kien thuong) phan rmg voi khi hydrogen trong tti6u kiQn thfch hqp thu dugc kfii A2. ftl 42, qua mQt s5 giai do4n chuy6n h6a, thu dugc acid A3. Khi cho lA 1arc.du"g voi A3 thu dugc muiSi ^1,1. rha11r;11g giiia A2-& dang l6ng vdi sodium (Na) theo ti le 1 : I tao ry san ph6rn +5. Khi"hir€t_pnan oC thu dugc mu6i A7 (c6 phffn trlm kh6i luqng A4 O 150 oC thu ttuqc khi A6. Cho A5 tic dpng v6i A6 d 187 nitrogen ld 64,62o/o)vi A2. Khi -cho A2 du tic dgng vdi khi fluorine c6 m{t xtc t6c thu dugc khi 1t*r6ng miu oC dugc A9 chi chrta hai nguy6n ag cf,ta lg,72yonitrog"r, vA t<*r5i lugng. Dun n6ng A8 vdi d6ng o 398 thu t6 voi ti lQ nguy6n ttl gita chring li | ;2. Phan img gita A9 vcri AlCll b :70 t4o ra A10 (c6 c6u tr6c trans oC
vi momen toOt g cYc beng 0) vi A1.
a) X6c dinh c6ng thrlc h6a hgc cria c6c ch6t tir Al di5n A10, titit ctrur,g ddu chfa nguy6n ti5 ninogen. q ViiSt c6c phuirg trdnh h6a hgc t4o ra AZ ai5n A10 dugc m6 td e tr9n. , Z.g,gUOi ,114' cria rnQt nguyen ttl ho4c ion dugc tinh theo c6ng.thr?c M = s6 elecffon tl1c thdn + /. Trong phric rtrlt,.ru rtr"y6n electroritir orbital d co mtrcnlng luqng th6p d6n orlital d c6 mrtc.ntrng lugng cao cria nguy€n trl trung tim trong tru&ng tinn tfre h khdng dugc pt gp G m4t spin ni5u Hm thay tl6i dg bOi M ctnn6. a) p[fc ch6t [Fe(Cg5(NHr)]3- nghich tir 0 6p sudt thAp, nhung lai thu4n tir & 6p sudt cao.
Trang 4/5 i) VC gian aO trich muc n6ng lugng obital d vd vi6t c6u hinh electron cta nguyCn tu tnrng tdm trong tru&ng tinh the cua phirc ctrAt lfelCt gs(NHr)13- d 6p su6t thlp ve & 6p sudt cao. ii) Cho bi6t (c6 giai thich) sg chuy6n electron giila c6c mtc nlng luqng orbital d cua nguy6n tu tnrng t6m frong phtc ch6t [Fe(CN)s(NHr)]'- li duqc phdp hay ]h6ng duEc phdp vO m4t spin o 6p su6t thAp vn d 6p suAt cao? b) Phric ch6t lCo6lUfr)el2* ld phrlc ch6t spin cao. Dlra vio thuy+5t tnrdng tinh th6, h6y cho bitit su chuyiSn electron gita c6c mtic ndng lugng orbital d cianguy€n ttt trung tAm trong phtc ch6t [Co(NHi)o]2* la duo. c phdp hay kh6ng ttuo. c phdp v€ m{t spin. 3. Phrtc ch6t pt c6 cdng thrlc ph6n tu Coz(CQ13(NHr)o.Khi Pl t6c dsng v6i-acid HNOr tong ttidiu.kiQn "lro thich hqp t4o ra kh( COz vi hai phric ch6t P2, P.3. Hai phrlc ch6t niy d€u c6 ion cAu nQi dang b6t diQn tt0u vi ciu ngopi chi chrla ion nitrate. Bitit Pl chr?a c6u nQi cria phr?c ch6t pS; P3 chrta l6,g8yo Co vA ktrOi tuqng. X6c <tinh c6ng thtc h6a hgc cria c6c phuc ch6t Pl, P2, P3 vi <t6ng ph6n ptrOi tri cria Pl. Clu VI (4,0 didfl 1. o-Phthalic acid (M: 166,132 g mol r) li mQt acid2n6c, ki hiQu ldHzA, co p/Gr =2,95 vdp&o :S{l.Hdatan hodn toan 0,8307 g HzA thanh 100,0 mL dung dich X.
;il*&[Tftf*Tf"ti*T; ** ste%d6ng g6p cria c6c c6n bturg dtin n6ng d0 c6n bang cua rr rong dung diph X. Coi sy d6ng g6p li kh6ng ttang kO n6uYo d6ng g6p h nh6 hon lo/o. 2. Dung dich Y li dung dich cua L-leucine (kf hiQu L-leucine h HB) c6 n6ng dQ trong khodng tir 0,01 M d6n 0,02 M. MQt thi nghiQm tlugc thyc hiQn theo c6c bu6c nhu sau: Bttdc I:LOty 10,00 mL dung dich Y trQn voi 10,00 mL dung dich HCI 0,025 M. Budc 2: ThEm I giqt chi thi methyl tI6 vi I gigt chi thi phenolphthalein. Budc 3: Th€m Aan A6n h6t t5,00 mL dung dich NaOH 0,035 M. a) D1r1 vio khoang chuy6n mdu cria chi thi h6y cho bi6t mdu cua h5n ho,p methyl d6 vd phenolphthalein sE thay tl6i theo c6c khoang pH nhu th6 nio? b) Giai thich sg thay tt6i miu ctra dung dich trong bu6c 3 btuig tfnh torin. g A brdc 3, khi th6m d6n 10,90 mL dung dich NaOH thi 80% chi thi phenolphthalein t6n t4i & d4ng base, tinh n6ng dQ LJeucine trong dung dich Y. Cho bidt:6 ZgA K, deng proton h6a ctra L-leucine (HzB*) c6 pK"r :2,33,pKo:9,60; K*= l0-la; methyl d6 c6 pK. = 4,95, d4ng acid miu d6, dqng base miu vdng, khoang ddi mdu ti - 4,4 6,2; phenolphthalein c6 pK;= 9,4, dqng acid kh6ng mdu, dqng base miu do, kholng chuyAn mdu tt 8,0 - 10,0; coi thii tich vin6ng ttQ cria chi thi kh6ng inh huong ct5n pH cta hg. 3. Phumg {n thgc hinh Dung dich-NaOg thudng duqc dtng lim dung dich chuin trong phuong ph6p chu6n d0 acid-base vi duo. c pha ttr h6l chAt ran NaOH. M$t quy trinh chu.in bi dung dich NaOH duo. c thUc hiQn nhu sau: clln 0,4 g NaOH rin A va pha vao nuoc cat thdnh I L dlmg dich NaOH. Oe dung dich vua pha trong binh kin. N6ng d0 cria dung dich NabH vira pha duo. c x6c dinh beng ph6p chuAn d0 vdi dung dich potassium hydrogen o-phthalate <ta bi6t ndng ttQ chinh x6c srl dpng chi thi h dung dlch phenolphthalein. a) Gini thich tai sao cAn d6 dung dich NaOH vira pha trong binh kin. b) Dung qr st 4ung .tro chuAn AO gOm' binh tam gi6c-250 mL, buret-2i mL, c6c-50 mL, pipet-lO mL vi c6c dUng cU c6n thi0t kh6c. r) Cho bitit nhtng dung cu ndo duo. c dung dO do thiS tich chinh x6c? ri) Cho biiSt buret ttUne.dune dich gi tro.ng phdp chu6n ttQ o tr6n? c) Trong mQt ph6p chuAn d0, tar thoi tli6m dung di.gh trong binh tam gi6c <t6i mdu, th6 tich dgc dugc t6n buret li I ,Sq mL vn c6 mQt gigt dung dich cdn treo d dAu duoi cria buret. MQt hqc sinh cho rang can 6y gigt dung dich niy vio binh tam gi6c. MQt hqc sinh kh6c Jar cho rAng n€n bo gigt dung dich niy. r) So s6nh anh hudrng cta hai c6ch lim ndy d6n n6ng dQ {uOtt duo. c tinh ttr k6t qua phep ctruAg ttQ ffin ,r) Tinh sai sti tuong A6i aOng g6p cria gigt dung dich d6n kiit qud tlqc the tich tr6n buret, biiSt t gigt dung dich c6 th€ tich li 0,05 mL. -- HET o Thi sinh Xrudtte drqc s* dltng tdi tiQu; o Gidn thi KHdNG gidi thich gi tham.
