Executive summary

In this project we are going to outline the project aspects for the construction of airport in the
Sultanate of Oman. The project requires the use of different tools and techniques that will ensure
the use of high efficiency of the project. As well as this, dynamics of the project will also be
inspected. E.g. communication resources of the project will be devised. In last, report will also
shed light on the key performance indicators of the project. Also, risks of different kinds will be
studies in the report.
Contents
Executive summary.....................................................................................................................................1

Task 2..........................................................................................................................................................4

Introduction.............................................................................................................................................4

Project scope...........................................................................................................................................4

Objective.................................................................................................................................................4

Key Performance Indicators (KPI) - Project Delivery................................................................................4

Task 3..........................................................................................................................................................5

Risk identification....................................................................................................................................5

Risk categorization...................................................................................................................................5

Analysis....................................................................................................................................................5

Risk management along with mitigation plan.........................................................................................6

Task 4..........................................................................................................................................................7

Resource Plan..........................................................................................................................................7

Estimation Plan........................................................................................................................................7

Communication Plan...............................................................................................................................7

Project Schedule......................................................................................................................................8

Task List...............................................................................................................................................8

Summary Task.....................................................................................................................................8

Predecessor linking..............................................................................................................................8

Resource allocation.............................................................................................................................8

Gantt chart...........................................................................................................................................8

Network analysis diagrams..................................................................................................................9

References.................................................................................................................................................10
 Task 2

Introduction
The project management for airport situated in Oman is going to be very carefully managed
during its construction and overall development. The construction will be mentioned in this task
report considering the fact that this airport will be connecting many cities within the country as
well as hosting the international flights. The cost and expenses along with many development
factors will be mentioned as they should be carefully managed throughout the construction
project. Many risk factors which can hamper the development along with issues that might come
in relevance during this construction project will also be elaborated briefly to fully understand
the project (Sarkar et al, 2018). These major details will also include all those factors that will
devise a strategic plan management for this project which will be needed for this to be
successfully completed are going to be mentioned properly within this task report.

Project scope
During project planning attention should be paid on the elements that present the part of the
major work that is to be done. These elements should be given first priority in the budget by
developing a hierarchy to be followed during implementation. The inclusion of the office
renovation was meant to give good picture of the airport’s management organization. But it was
not necessary for it to be included in the project’s budget. The development of the foundation is
more important than renovation of airport spaces that already existed. Understanding and
following the order provided based on the objective of the project, is very important aspect. In
this case the main objective was the expansion of the Oman airport, this should be considered
last after the expansion process is complete (Larsson et al, 2018). The scope of the project was
“construction of Oman airport” which was divided into the following components; management,
buying of equipment, the installation process and contractors’ responsibilities.

Objective
The objectives of the inquiry entail the following

 To conduct an assessment of the various project cycles.

 To establish the essence of delay schedule analysis
  To comprehend the influence of the project life cycle approach in a given project.

Key Performance Indicators (KPI) - Project Delivery

One of the most important tasks is to monitor the progress of team members and eliminate
possible problems or mistakes that are often inevitable. However, this task can be done properly
if there is the key performance index or KPI that helps a leader identify the strengths or
weaknesses of a project. This concept is used to describe an indicator or a group of indicators
that are most important for an organization. To a great extent, they reflect the goals that the
project is supposed to attain. So, at first, it is important to distinguish the criteria according to
which the performance of a team should be evaluated. It should be noted that companies can
have different KPIs (Ogunde et al, 2017). They can be related to the operational costs of a
project, functionality of a product, timelines, customer satisfaction, increased rates of production
and other parameters that are taken into account by managers. Overall, the development of these
indicators is one of the first steps that managers should take prior to the start of any project. To a
great extent, KPIs help leaders determine whether the team achieves the goals that were set at the
very beginning.
Task 3

Risk identification
Various causes of risks characterize the risk source portfolio for Oman Airport construction
projects. Oman Airport construction projects have various degrees of homogeneity and
heterogeneity. Homogeneity encourages transfer of skills and lessons since it hinges on
similarities between projects (Walker, 2016). There are more risks associated with heterogeneity.
This is because working on a project never done before makes it difficult to determine the effort
and resources required. Risks arising out of homogeneity still occur even in very similar Oman
Airport projects because of differences in environmental conditions. Risks arising out of
heterogeneity include unpredictable site conditions and different management styles.

Risk categorization
Project delays contribute significantly to the slow growth of various industries, especially the
construction sector. Particularly, the delays lead to increased project costs, litigations between
the contractors and owners, revenue and productivity losses, and in worse cases, contract
termination.

In a bid to address the delay issues effectively, the authors underline that project managers need
to analyze the four major delay types including critical or non-critical, excusable or non-
excusable, compensable or non-compensable, and concurrent or non-concurrent. Therefore, in
solving the different aspects of project delays, the concerned parties ought to take into account
the type of project cycle that determines the operations of the specific development initiative
(Ahmed, 2018).

Analysis
Risks refer to events, which cause some degree of disturbance to the flow of a project when they
occur. When such disturbance is positive, it results in a positive risk, while if it is negative, it
results in a negative risk. Two measures apply in risk analysis. The first one is a risk’s
probability of occurrence while the second is the damage that results from the occurrence of the
risk event. The probability of the occurrence of the risk measures the degree of certainty within
which the risk may occur (Zhou et al, 2018).
The consequences associated with the risk describe the seriousness of the effects of the
occurrence of the risk. These consequences vary from insignificant to catastrophic. Clients need
better value from their project, and construction companies need reasonable profits in order to
assure their long term future (Ferrada et al, 2016). In this light, sectors such as the construction
field require the integration of different delay analysis methods to identify the issues that cause
project delays. Therefore, the application of the delay schedule analysis methods in the industry
and research aspects is crucial for the improvement of project efficiency.

Risk management along with mitigation plan

There are some options for risk management in the sector. They include Standardization of
construction processes, training of construction on risk management, using risk management
consultants to provide risk management training and advice. Oman Airport construction projects
have several stages and processes that are similar. The standardization of these procedures
provides the opportunity to reduce the risks associated with them. It would ensure that the
processes benefits from learning that take place in the process of project execution, so that
transferable lessons contribute to risk management.
Task 4

Resource Plan
The construction sector also applies the iterative type of project cycle to facilitate the completion
of a fully erected structure. Essentially, the Iterative model integrates an incremental approach to
project management since it involves various elements that create the whole (Ferrada et al,
2016). For example, the individual building construction processes, including plumbing and
drainage, landscaping, electrical installations, and the actual construction works, represent an
iterative model project model. Such a model could trigger delays due to the challenges
experienced in the independent processes, as seen in the case of concurrency, where delays occur
independently and on different occasions (Sarkar et al, 2018). Furthermore, the rigidity aspect of
the architecture that uses the iterative model causes costly delays since it does not avail of all the
necessary resources for the project at once. For example, complex construction projects could
apply the adaptive model to satisfy the individual interest of the stakeholders involved.

Estimation Plan
In construction undertakings, schedule delay analysis approaches are necessary to improve the
execution of projects in future. Particularly, the impacted as-planned and collapsed as-build
methods are highly applicable in the given setting, especially regarding construction projects.
Besides, the Windows analysis method could also be used but its suitability is questionable in the
current industrial atmosphere. When using the approach, managers solely consider the as-
planned schedule in the delay analysis whereby the various delay causes are regarded as part of
the as-planned critical path schedule in a way that shows how the delays affect the predetermined
completion time (Larsson et al, 2018). The schedule variations between the actual completion
date and the additional time due to the delay demonstrate the project delay. Essentially, the
model investigates the impact of the project in terms of time to evaluate its effectiveness. The
method disregards the as-planned aspect of the project by focusing on the as-built critical path
schedule that takes into account the entire delays in the project. The current approach is accurate
in assessing project delays since it identifies the difference between the delayed and scheduled
time to develop a collapsed as-built schedule. Moreover, this method focuses on the issues that
not only cause delays but also the failure or collapse of projects (Ogunde et al, 2017).
Communication Plan
It is important to speak about the communication strategy adopted by an organization. The
exchange of information is critical for every activity involved in the project. Therefore, one
should determine how different participants can interact with each other. Project managers
should remember about several aspects of this question. First of all, they should think about the
communication with major stakeholders such as clients, business partners, corporate executives,
suppliers and so forth (Walker, 2016).

Project Schedule

Task List
 Foundation of the building
 Ground work
 Structure
 Doors, windows and furniture
 Electricity and heating
 Final touches

Summary Task
The airport construction project would include various tasks. These include ground filling,
building foundation, groundwork, building structure, plumbing, the entire building's electrical
wiring, and finally the building's completion. In the production of the project, both of these tasks
are very important. The failure of one of these activities will result in the project being
unfinished, which will be a total catastrophe. In short, both of these activities are the project's
building blocks (Zhou et al, 2018).

Predecessor linking
Today projects in various economies of the world experience considerable instances of delays
that undermine the execution of successive undertakings in the respective industries. For this
reason, various scholars in the project management field have developed schedule delay analysis
techniques that seek to guide project endeavors within the stipulated timeframe. Notably, the
schedule analysis methods focus on the research and industry elements of project management to
streamline processes towards goal realization (Ahmed, 2018).
Resource allocation
It is also essential to devise a prudent resource plan to enhance the effectiveness as well as the
efficiency of the project at hand. For this purpose, it is essential to list out all the resources. The
financial resources will be managed as per a plan devised beforehand. Apart from all of this, the
human resources are also a crucial component. Team work in a company is an important aspect
that leads to success in the performance of its activities. For team work to be existent there must
be specific team behaviors that characterize members of the teams. This is because unless the
team members are disciplined and possess behaviors that are attributed with success, the
development of the project plan will not be possible.

Gantt chart
The Gantt chart project management tool was useful in enabling the scheduling of resources that
were used in the logo design process, but had strengths and weaknesses, which are discussed in
the following sections. To achieve success, it is necessary to have a comprehensive plan that
details what should be done at various stages, the stakeholders involved in the execution, the
time needed for the execution, and the resources (Ferrada et al, 2016). This can properly be done
by using a Gantt chart. The report does not have a record of the events that took place other than
a rough explanation of when major events took place. This can be summarized in the Gantt chart
below.
Network analysis diagrams
In the network diagram, the dark red arrows represent the critical path while the black arrows
represent other normal activities. The full analysis of this network diagram is given in the
following pages.

Activity code Description Prerequisites

A Site preparation None
B Soil decontamination None
C Ground preparation A
D Services installation B
E Foundations laying A,C
F Main structure of airport B
G Ancillary structure C,D
H Plastering G,F
I Decoration E
J Fitting out/ snagging H,I
K Car park & finishing J

SOLUTION
References
Ahmed, S., 2018. A review on using opportunities of augmented reality and virtual reality in
construction project management. Organization, technology & management in construction: an
international journal, 10(1), pp.1839-1852.

Ferrada, X., Núñez, D., Neyem, A., Serpell, A. and Sepúlveda, M., 2016. A lessons-learned
system for construction project management: a preliminary application. Procedia-Social and
Behavioral Sciences, 226, pp.302-309.

Larsson, J., Eriksson, P.E. and Pesämaa, O., 2018. The importance of hard project management
and team motivation for construction project performance. International Journal of Managing
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Ogunde, A., Joshua, O., Amusan, L.M. and Akuete, E., 2017. PROJECT MANAGEMENT A
PANACEA TO IMPROVING THE PERFORMANCE OF CONSTRUCTION
PROJEC. International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology (IJCIET), 8(9), pp.1234-
1242.

Sarkar, D., Jha, K.N. and Patel, S., 2018. Critical chain project management for a highway
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Management, pp.1-14.

Walker, D.H., 2016. Reflecting on 10 years of focus on innovation, organisational learning and
knowledge management literature in a construction project management context. Construction
Innovation.

Zhou, Z., Irizarry, J. and Lu, Y., 2018. A multidimensional framework for unmanned aerial
system applications in construction project management. Journal of Management in
Engineering, 34(3), p.04018004.