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WEEK 06
DAY 01(Paper 02)
Paper Pattern 2058/02
Marks: 50
Time: 1 hour 30 minutes
Q1. Hadiths [8]
(a) [4]
(b) [4]
Q2. History and Importance of Hadith [14]
(a) [10]
(b) [4]
Q3,4,5: [14] Marks each
 Rightly Guided Caliphs
 Pillars, Articles, Jihad
(a) [10]
(b) [4]

Introduction to Syllabus
1. Major teachings in the Hadiths of the Prophet
Two groups of passages are set for close study. These relate to:
➢ Individual conduct
➢ Life in the community.

2. The history and importance of the Hadiths

Candidates should study:
➢ The history of the compilation of the Hadiths;
➢ The earliest collections;
➢ The main musnad and musannaf collections;
➢ The main compilers and their activities;
➢ The methods based on examination of the chain of transmitters (isnad) and the text (matn)
of a Hadith to test the reliability of the Hadith;
➢ The main features of the six collections of Sunni Hadiths and the four collections of Shi‘a
Hadiths;
➢ The major themes of the Hadiths as these are contained both in the passages set for special
study and in other similar passages;
➢ Their use in legal thinking, and their relationship with the Qur’an, consensus (ijma‘) and
analogy (qiyas);
➢ Their significance in thought and action in Islam .
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3. The period of rule of the Rightly Guided Caliphs and their importance
as leaders
Candidates should study:
➢ The main events of the rules of the four Caliphs;
➢ Their policies in maintaining and expanding the state;
➢ Their approaches to leading the community;
➢ Their main achievements;
➢ The main difficulties they encountered;
➢ Their significance as examples of leadership;
➢ The importance of their rules as models for government today;
➢ Their importance as examples for Muslim communities in their relations with other states.

4. The Articles of Faith and the Pillars of Islam

Candidates should study:
➢ The Six Articles of Faith:
➢ God, including what Muslims believe about him;
➢ Angels, their nature and duties;
➢ Books, their contents and purpose;
➢ Prophets, their character and function;
➢ God’s predestination and decree, its meaning and significance;
➢ Resurrection and the last day, the main events and its significance.
The Five Pillars of Islam:
➢ The declaration of faith, shahada, including the significance of what it contains;
➢ Prayer, salat, including preparations, its performance and importance, congregational
prayers on Fridays and festivals, times of prayer, the place of prayer, private prayer, delayed
prayer;
➢ Alms-giving, zakat, how it is performed and its significance in the community;
➢ Fasting, sawm, including the way it is observed, its significance and those exempted;
➢ Pilgrimage, hajj, including the main observances involved and their significance.

Jihad in its range of meanings, physical, mental and spiritual.

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1 Choose any two of the following Hadiths, and:

 (a) Describe their teachings about what Muslims believe; [4]
 (b) Explain how Muslims can put these teachings into action. [4]

(a) Main Teachings : [2] marks

• The key words in this Hadith Nasihah which means sincere advice.
• Islam is based on sincerity which means to follow the faith of Islam fully and with dedication. Prophet
said, “Indeed sincerity leads to piety and indeed piety leads to paradise.”
• Sincerity to Allah means that Muslims should have firm belief in the Oneness of Allah and to reject
shirk. Sincerity to His Book means believing that the Quran is the scared word of Allah. Being sincere
to Prophet (P.B.U.H) is acknowledging him as the last Prophet (P.B.U.H) of Allah.
• Sincerity to the leaders of the Muslims means following their leadership and not creating disorder.
Sincerity to common people means to help others in difficulties and not to cause discomfort to
anyone.

(b) Action: [2] marks

• Muslims can put into practice the teachings of this Hadith by showing sincerity towards Allah by
implementing His Sharia (Law) in their lives and by fulfilling the obligations of Islam such as being
punctual in their prayers, fasting in Ramadan and paying Zakat etc.
• Sincerity to the Quran can be shown by acting on and respecting its content by explaining the Quran
to other, helping by obeying the Prophet (P.B.U.H) and following his example of mercy, justice,
honesty, religious tolerance and more of his noble traits.
• A practical example of the implementation of the Hadith is the example of the companions of the
Prophet (P.B.U.H) standing by him through all the hardships inflicted by the Makkans.
• Sincerity to Common people can be practiced by helping and guiding them, showing them kindness
and respect and living in harmony with each other for example friends at school or colleagues at
work.

(a) Main Teachings : [2] marks

• This hadith teaches to have concern for others around us. Concern for others’ welfare is a cardinal
part of Muslim’s faith. It can be regarded as a sign of sincerity to the teachings of Islam.
• The Prophet stressed upon brotherhood and instructed Muslims to show care and concern for
others, especially the less fortunate ones. It keeps the jealousy away and promotes goodwill,
brotherhood and peace.
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• It also teaches all Muslims to be a source of good for one another. Both God and His Prophet (pbuh)
have commanded Muslims to work for the welfare of others.
• The bond of brotherhood between Muslims is established by God Himself. Quran says, “Believers
are a single brotherhood.”(49:10)

(b) Action: [2] marks

• The teaching of this hadith can be applied practically by wanting the best for others, wishing well
for everyone and being happy for others in their joyous times and genuinely sorry for them when
something bad befalls them.
• The application of this hadith is not confined to choosing the same material things that one chooses
for oneself but rather genuinely responding to the needs of others. for instance, if one wishes good
health for one’s own family the same should be wished for others.
• A Muslim should never take pleasure in another’s misfortune rather he/she should be always
willing to come to the aid of all fellow Muslims and humanity at large.
• When Prophet (pbuh) established brotherhood, the Ansaar preferred their Muhajirin brothers over
themselves. An example of the implementation of this Hadith in present time could be of countries
giving refuge to people who have left their country on account of political strife, discrimination or
war etc. On a personal level Muslim could contribute towards the fund being raised for the refugees
or give their zakat to Muslim charities to help them and others in need.

Stages of Compilation of Hadith

1. Companions of the Prophet (pbuh)
Prophet’s (pbuh) lifetime:
After the migration to Madina the Holy Prophet (pbuh) encouraged his companions for the preservation of
Hadith. On the occasion of farewell pilgrimage he said, “He who is present here should carry this message
to him who is absent.” Thus the companions of the Holy Prophet (pbuh) considered it their duty to preach
hadiths to those who had not seen or heard him.
The Prophet (pbuh) had entrusted some of his companions with the task of writing down agreements, letters
and other official documents. For example , Suraqa bin Malik was given a pledge of protection in writing by
the Prophet (pbuh) at the time of migration to Madina.
Treaty of Hudaibiya was drawn up between the Muslims and the Makkans. Hazrat Ali wrote down the terms
of the treaty.
Abu Shah, a man from Yemen, was given the permission by the Prophet (pbuh) to write down the sermon
he delivered after the conquest of Makkah.
Prophet (pbuh) also sent letters to different kings and emperors inviting them to Islam for example Najashi
of Abyssinia, Hraclius, the Byzantine emperor etc.
Hazrat Ali wrote down instructions given by the Prophet (pbuh) from time to time. He also maintained a
booklet of the orders and instructions issued from time to time by the Holy Prophet (pbuh) which came to
be known as Sahifa e Ali (Booklet of Ali).
After Prophet’s (pbuh) Death:
• After Prophet Muhammad (P.B.U.H) death, the need to preserve is a Hadith was stronger and
urgent because these were the most authoritative interpretation of the Quran. Hadiths also served
as a source of guidance for the young Islamic community, struggling to determine how to live
according to Allah’s will, with the Prophet Muhammad (P.B.U.H) no longer amongst them.
• The Prophet Muhammad’s (P.B.U.H) companions had the responsibility of teaching new generation
of Muslims and new converts about the life and faith of the Prophet Muhammad (P.B.U.H) they had
never known.
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• Companions who spent the most time with a Prophet Muhammad (P.B.U.H)
like his best friend Hazrat Abu Bakr, his cousin and son in law Hazrat Ali and his trusted advisor
Hazrat Umar are sources for only a small numbers of Hadiths.
Hazrat Abu Bakr narrated 142 hadith. Hazrat Ali narrated about 536 , Hazrat Umar it is believed narrated
537 Hadiths.
It appears that these Companions preserved the spirit of the Prophet Muhammad (P.B.U.H) teachings in
their actions and method of reasoning rather than by his Hadith directly.
• It was often the most junior among the companion who became the most prolific
collectors and transmitters of Hadith.
Abu Huraira who knew the Prophet Muhammad (P.B.U.H) for only three years, is the single largest source
of Hadiths, with close to 5374 narrations. Although he did not write them down in his early career, by the
time of his death he had boxes full of the sahifas (collections of Hadith) he had compiled through
Hammam ibn Munabbih and known as Sahifah Sahiha.
‘Abdullah ibn Umar’was 23 year old when Prophet Muhammad (P.B.U.H) died and he is the second largest
source of Hadith narrating 2630 of the Prophet Muhammad’s (P.B.U.H) sayings. He maintained a booklet of
Prophet’s sayings and actions, which was known as “Sahifa al Sadiqah”
Abdullah Ibn Abbas was in his early teens when the Prophet Muhammad (P.B.U.H) passed away and he is
the fifth largest source for Hadith with 1660 hadiths to his credit. Though these narrators knew the
Prophet Muhammad (P.B.U.H) for only a short time they amassed their vast volumes of Hadiths by seeking
them out from the most senior companions.
Ans ibn Malik who had entered the Prophet Muhammad (P.B.U.H) household at the age of ten as a servant
is the third largest source of Hadith and is known to have transmitted 2286 Hadiths.
Abdullah ibn Masud was one of the earliest companions and remained close to the Prophet (pbuh)
throughout his life. After Prophet’s (pbuh) death, he went to Kufa and narrated the Hadiths to new
converts. He is said to have reported 848 Hadiths.
• Wives who had spent much time with Prophet Muhammad (P.B.U.H) are known as authentic
sources of Hadith.
Hazrat Aisha who narrated 2210 sayings of the Prophet Muhammad (P.B.U.H) is regarded as the fourth
source of Hadith but was also a critic of incorrectly quoted ones. She did not accept any hadith until she
was fully satisfied as to its meaning and authenticity.
Some other wives of the Prophet were also looked upon as vital custodians of hadiths and were
approached for instructions by other companions. The names of Hazrat Umm-e-Salamah (378Hadiths)
Hazrat Hafsa(65 Hadiths) , Hazrat Umm-e-Habibah and Hazrat Maimunah are among the earliest and most
distinguished transmitters.
2(b) In your opinion what were the main reasons for Hadith collections? [4]
• The Prophet (pbuh) was the final authority on all secular and spiritual matters and with his death a
template was needed to clarify, adjudicate or resolve questions and disputes as he would have done.
• Another reason could be that the Prophet’s Companions, who had first-hand knowledge of his
Sunnah, were themselves dying and hence a need was felt to preserve the Hadiths for future
generations.
• Muslims rely on Hadiths in the observance of many pillars of Islam it is important that they have
authentic Hadiths to follow otherwise they could conduct the practice of the pillars incorrectly.
• As Hadiths elaborate the Qur’an the teaching of Islam would not be correct if weak or false Hadiths
were to be used to understand the Qur’an.
• New converts to Islam needed authentic guidance which could be available in the authentic
collections of Hadith.