LEARNING ACTIVITY SHEETS

Mathematics 9, Quarter 3, Week 2

Theorems on Parallelograms

Objectives
Objectives:

After going through this LAS, you are expected to:

1. Prove theorems that justify a parallelogram a rectangle;

2. Prove theorems that justify a parallelogram a rhombus;
3. Prove theorems that justify a parallelogram a square and
4. Apply the theorems to find measures of angles, sides and other quantities and
5. Involve rectangle, rhombus and square.

Lesson
Theorems on Different Kinds of Parallelograms
(Rectangle, Rhombus and Square )

Parallelogram is a quadrilateral in which both pairs of opposite sides are parallel.

Quadrilateral ABCD is a parallelogram. Both pairs of opposite sides are parallel, that is,
AB || DC and BC || AD (line segment AB parallel to line segment DC and line segment
BC parallel to line segment AD)

D C

A B

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 The three special parallelograms are rectangle, rhombus and square.

rectangle square rhombus

A rectangle is a parallelogram with four congruent angles. Since the sum of the
interior angles in a quadrilateral is 360 0, a rectangle has four right angles. For example,
parallelogram EFGH is a rectangle. Both pairs of opposite sides are parallel,  E,  F,
 G,  H are right angles. This means that the measure of each angle is equal to 90 0.
H G
900 900

900 900
E F

Theorem 1. If a parallelogram has a right angle, then it has four right angles, then the
parallelogram is a rectangle.

Theorem 2. The diagonals of a rectangle are congruent.

N A

J E

In parallelogram JEAN, diagonal JA is congruent to diagonal NE

A rhombus is a parallelogram with four congruent sides.

L K

I J

Parallelogram IJKL is a rhombus. Both pairs of opposite sides are parallel. The four sides IJ ,
JK , KL , and LI are congruent. This means they have the same length.

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A square is a rectangle with four congruent sides.

P
O

M N

Parallelogram MNOP is a square. The set of squares is a subset of rectangles and the set of
rhombi. It has four right angles and at the same time, four congruent sides.

Illustrative example

Given: Quadrilateral ABCD with diagonal AC

1  2 , 3  4

V U
11
44

3
S 2
T
Prove: Quadrilateral STUV is a parallelogram

Proof:
Statement Reason

1. Quadrilateral STUV with diagonal SU 1 1. Given

 2 , 3  4

2. VU // ST, SV// UT 3. Converse of Alternate Interior Angle-

Parallel Postulate
4. Quadrilateral STUV is a parallelogram 4. Definition of a parallelogram

Theorem 3. The diagonals of a rhombus are perpendicular.

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Theorem 4. Each diagonal of a rhombus bisects opposite angles.

Illustrative example.

Given: Quadrilateral MNOP with MN  OP and NO  MP

Prove: MNOP is a parallelogram 5

N O
7
3 3

M P
5
Proof:

Statements Reasons
1. Quadrilateral MNOP with 1. Given
MN  OP
NO  MP
2. Two points determine exactly one line
2. Draw MO

3. MO  MO 3. Reflexive property

4. MNO  MPO 4. Side- Side- Side (SSS) postulate

5.  NOM   PMO 5. Congruent Parts of Congruence

Triangle are Congruent (CPCTC)

6. NO // MP 6. Alternate Interior Angle Parallel

Postulate
7.  POM   NMO 7. Congruent Parts of Congruence
Triangle are Congruent (CPCTC)
8. MN // PO 8.Alternate Interior Angle
Parallel Postulate
9. Quadrilateral MNOP is a 9.Definition of a parallelogram
parallelogram

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 Learning Activities

General Directions: Work on Activities 1-3 that follow. Do it on a separate sheet

of paper.

Activity 1. Especially for you

Determine whether each statement is Always True, Sometimes True or Never True. Put a
check mark ( ) of your answer on the proper column.

Statements Always True Sometimes True Never True

1. If two pairs of opposite

sides of a quadrilateral are
congruent then the
quadrilateral is a
parallelogram.
2. The diagonals of a
parallelogram bisect each
other.
3. The consecutive sides of a
parallelogram are congruent.
4. The consecutive angles of
a parallelogram are
complementary.
5. If the diagonals of a
quadrilateral bisect each
other, then the quadrilateral is
a parallelogram.
6. A square is a rectangle.

7. A quadrilateral is a
parallelogram.
8. A rectangle is a rhombus

9. A rhombus is a square.
10. An equiangular
quadrilateral is a rectangle.

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 Activity 2. Show Me!

Write the missing statement and reasons.

F A
Given: FACE is parallelogram with
 F is a right angle

Prove:  A,  C and  E are right angles.

E C

Proof:

Statements Reasons
1. 1. Given

2. m  F = 90 2.

3. 3. In a parallelograms, opposite angles are

congruent.
4. m  F = m  C 4. Definition of congruent angles
mE = mA
5. m  F= 90 5.

6. m  F + m  A = 180 6.

7. 90 + m  A = 180 7. Substitution

8. 8. Reflexive property

9. m  A= 90 9.
10. 10.Substitution

11.  A,  C, and  E are right angles 11. If the measure of an angle is 90; then it is
right angle
12. 12. Definition of rectangle

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 Activity 3. Solve me.

A. Solve the given problem below. Show your solutions by following the steps in solving
problems.

Given for items 1-3. Quadrilateral ABCD is a parallelogram.

B
A

D C
1. If AB = 5x -8 and CD = 3x+14, what is AB?

2. If BC = 3(x-3 ) and AD = 2x+11, find BC + AD

3. If the m  A = 5x +38 and m  C = 3x+50, solve for the m  C and m  D.

Given for items 4-5 .Quadrilateral DEFC is a parallelogram

F
E

D C

4. If the m  D = ( x+40 )0 and the m  C = ( 2x + 20 )0, what is the m  D?

5. The figure below is a parallelogram. The diagonals AC and BD intersect at E,

if AE = 3x and EC = 21, what is x ?

D C
C
EE

A B

Rubrics for the Activity 3. Solve Me.

Points/ Descriptor Score

5 3 1
All computations The computations Most of the
are correct and are correct. computations are
logically presented not correct.

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 Reflection

Directions: Complete the 3-2-1 Chart about your discoveries in theorems of parallelograms.
Write your answers on a separate sheet of paper.

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 9
Activity 3 Solve Me
1. AB = 47
2. BC + AD = 102
3. C = 680 , D = 1120
4. D = 800
5. X = 7
Activity 1. Activity 2 Show Me
1. AT 1. FACE is a parallelogram with
2. ST F is a right .
3. ST 2. Definition of right angle
4. ST 3. F C and
5. ST A E
6. AT 5. Substitution
7. ST 6. Consecutive angles are
8. NT supplementary
9. ST 8. 900 = 900
10. AT 9. Subtraction Property
10 m E = 900
12. FACE is a rectangle
Answer Key
 References

Book:
Fernando B. Orines, Zenaida B. Diaz, Mirla S. Esparrago, Jesus P. Mercado,Nestor
V. Reyes Jr. ,Josephine L. Suzara, and Maharlika P. Mojica. 2018. Next
Century Mathematics. Quezon City, Philippines: DepEd Mathematics Learner’s
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