Python & Turtle Graphics

Tutorial
GGC S3
 Programming Skills Objectives:

 Identify and program Python code in JES (Jython Environment for Students) and save into their file
area with proper extension. (ProgramName.py)
 Use following commands to draw shapes and designs with Turtles.
 Use comments in program to describe what code will do.
 Troubleshoot and solve coding errors and problems.
 Run code from written programs and from program and command area.
 Define and use Python functions.
 Use the "for i in range(x)" commands to do repeats.
 Opening JES Software

 Click JES icon on the desktop to open the

JES software.
 Tutorial 1 Overview:
Explore drawing a Square and a Rectangle
with the Python Turtle Commands in JES

 In this tutorial, you will practice using the  Turtle Commands used in this Tutorial:
Command Area to test and draw a
Square and a Rectangle. turtle.forward()

 Use the up arrow key to show previous turtle.turn()

commands you made in the Command turtle.penUp()
Area to make programming faster.
turtle.penDown()
 Make sure you load the World and Turtle
program you create FIRST before using turtle.moveTo(x, y)
the Command Area to draw your shapes.
 Modify any Turtle commands you typed in  Move on to the next slide to begin typing!
the Program Area in order to create the
shape you want.
 Create World and Turtle

 First step is to create a World and a Turtle.

 In the Program Area of the JES editor,
type in the following code to create a
world and a turtle:
 world = makeWorld(400, 400)
 turtle = makeTurtle(world)
 Double check your code with the picture
to the right.
 Program commands to make
the Turtle move

 Type the following commands below

your World code to make your turtle
move:
 turtle.forward(100)
 turtle.turn(90)

 Optional: Create a comment for your

program.
 Save and Load Program

 Save file as “Lastname_Square.py” inside

the Python Turtles folder that is on the
desktop.
 Click File  Save Program AS  Desktop
 Python & Turtle Graphics  Save
 Click “Load Program” to create the
World.
 A new window will open up and you
should have a turtle in your window.
 Using Command Area to test and draw
your square

 The JES Command Area allows you to

test your codes right away.
 Use the Command Area to test and
find a correct path for your turtle to
draw your square.
 Only use the following two turtle
commands:
 turtle.forward(100)
 turtle.turn(90)
 Having Trouble?: Hit the space bar to reveal the
remaining commands your turtle needs to draw a
square.
 Turtle Square

 Now that you have figured

out the path to create your
square, type the correct
code into the Program
Area.
 Click “Load Program” and
you should now have a
Square!
 Pick Up and Move Turtle

 Next step is to have the Turtle draw a

Rectangle in the same World.
 But before you do that, the turtle needs
to be moved to a new location.
 Use the penUp(), moveTo(), and
penDown() to accomplish this task.
 Type in the code you see in the image to
the right under your Square Turtle code.
 Option: Use Comments to make your
program easy to read and for you to
understand.
 Pick Up and Move Turtle

 Save and then click “Load Program”.

 Your Turtle should now be in a new
location.
 Note: Multiple JES windows will open
when you click “Load Program”. Be sure
to close the windows when you are finish
with each tutorial. This avoids slowing
down the computer.
 STOP! Time to Switch Roles

 If you need help, ask for assistance.

 Be sure SWITCH ROLES before moving on
to the next tutorial!
 Draw a Rectangle

 Squares and Rectangles are very similar.

 What can we modify or use in the Square
Turtle commands to draw a Rectangle?
 Be sure to switch positions and have the
other partner draw the Rectangle.
 Use the Command Area to test your
code out, then type in the correct code
into the Program Area.
 HINT: Copy only the Square Turtle
commands, then modify every other
turtle.forward(100) command to a smaller
number.
 Draw a Rectangle

 Save and then click “Load Program”.

 You should now have a Rectangle and a
Square in your World.
 Tutorial 2: Creating Python Functions for
Shapes and Designs in JES

 Remember using the Command Area is good for short experiments.

 Longer programs need to be coded and then saved in the Program Area.
 You can achieve this by placing your Turtle commands in Functions.
 Save your “LastName_Square.py” program. We will create a new JES program file to use
for Tutorial 2 through 4.
 Go to File  New Program  Save Program As  Desktop  Python & Turtle Graphics 
Save File Name as “LastName_Functions.py”.
 Reminder: Multiple JES windows will open when you click “Load Program”. Be sure to close
the windows when you are finish with each tutorial. This avoids slowing down the computer.
 Create a World and a Turtle

 Begin by creating your World and Turtle In

the Program Area of the JES editor, type
in the following code below:
 world = makeWorld(400, 400)
 turtle = makeTurtle(world)
 Double check your code with the picture
to the right.
 Create a Function to Draw a Triangle

 Begin the function with def

 def keyword means you are creating a new
command for your turtle.
 Then, type the name of the function, and the
input “turtle” between parentheses:
makeTriangle(turtle)
 End the line with a colon (“ : ”)
 Next, type in the following turtle commands
you see in the image to right to create a Triangle.
These commands makes up the body of the
function.
 The body of the function needs to be indented
(Hint: Use two spaces).
REMEMBER: The Most Common JES Issue is
Forgetting to Load

 Your function does NOT exist for JES until

you load it
 Before you load it, the program is just a
bunch of characters.
 Loading encodes it as an executable
function
 Save and Save As
 You must Save before Loading
 You must Load before you can use your
function

An “Unloaded” function doesn’t exist yet.

 Call Triangle Function

 Save and then click “Load Program”.

 A World window with a Turtle will open.
 Now, call your makeTriangle(turtle)
function by typing the function name in
the Command Area.
 Then hit the enter key.
 This calling will allow the Turtle to draw a
Triangle in the World.

Congrats! You have

successfully created a
Python Function!
 STOP! Time to Switch Roles

 If you need help, ask for assistance.

 Be sure SWITCH ROLES before moving on
to the next tutorial!
 Reminder: Multiple JES windows will open
when you click “Load Program”. Be sure
to close the windows when you are finish
with each tutorial. This avoids slowing
down the computer.
 Tutorial 3: Introducing the For Loop-
Using a For Loop in a Function

 Loops are simply parts of a program that run over

and over again to reduce the amount of times you
type the same command.
 The phrase “for i in range” sets the number of times
you want to run a command or a series of
commands.
 You specify how many times you want to run the
turtle commands to repeat inside the parenthesis of
the range function.
 TIP: In JES, a For Loop must end with a colon (:) and
be indented by two spaces in a Function.
 betterSquare(turtle) Function

 Begin by defining the betterSquare(turtle)

function under your makeTriangle(turtle)
function.
 Then type in the for loop and turtle
commands you see in the image.
 Be sure to indent the for loop and your
turtle commands.
 Next, save and click “Load Program”.
 Now call your function by typing
betterSquare(turtle) into the Command
Area.
 Be sure to hit the enter key to complete
the call of your function.
 betterSquare(turtle) Function Review

 Remember the two

commands to draw a
square
 turtle.forward(100)
 Turtle.turn(90)
 See how you can use a for
loop to minimize the lines of
code needed to draw a
square.
 Notice how the for loop
tells the turtle to make 4
rounds of the forward(100)
and turn(90) command to
draw the square.
 makeCircle(turtle) Function

 Begin by defining the makeCircle(turtle)

function.
 Then type in the for loop and turtle
commands you see in the image.
 Be sure to indent the for loop and your
turtle commands.
 Next, save and click “Load Program”.
 Now call your function by typing
makeCircle(turtle) into the Command
Area.
 This will allow the Turtle to draw a Circle.
 Notice how the for loop tells the Turtle to
repeat the commands forward(20) and
turn(20) 18 times to complete the Circle.
 Tutorial 4: Using an Old Function within a
New Function (Square)

 Create a spiralSquare(turtle) Function

by using the betterSquare(turtle)
function.
 Re-using an old shape function within
a new function allows your Python
program to create cool designs!
 Type in the code you see in the
image.
 Save and Load program!
 Be sure to call you spiralSquare(turtle)
function in Command Area!
YOUR RESULTS SHOULD LOOK LIKE THIS!

spiralSquare(turtle)
 STOP! Time to Switch Roles

 If you need help, ask for assistance.

 Be sure SWITCH ROLES before moving on
to the next tutorial!
 Reminder: Multiple JES windows will open
when you click “Load Program”. Be sure
to close the windows when you are finish
with each tutorial. This avoids slowing
down the computer.
 Tutorial 4: Using an Old Function within a
New Function (Triangle)

 Create a windMill(turtle) Function by

using the makeTriangle(turtle) function.
 Re-using an old shape function within a
new function allows your Python program
to create cool designs!
 Type in the code you see in the image.
 Save and Load program!
 Be sure to call your windMill(turtle)
function in Command Area!
YOUR RESULTS SHOULD LOOK LIKE THIS!

windmill(turtle)
 Tutorial 5: Putting it All Together
Create a Plus Sign

 Do It Yourself!
 Combine all the Turtle Commands you’ve
learned and create a Plus sign!
 Use Paper and Pencil if needed.
 Raise your hand if you need assistance!
 Make sure you save and “Load Program”
 Then call your function in Command
Area.
 Try completing the task, before looking at
the Hint.
 Tutorial 5: Putting it All Together
Create a Plus Sign

Use any of the following turtle commands

 turtle.forward(distance)- command to move the turtle in the directions it’s facing. Default
distance is 100 pixels.
 turtle.turn(degrees)- turns the turtle in 90 degrees depending on the direction its facing.
 turtle.moveTo(x, y)- command to place the turtle in a new location in the world.
 turtle.penUp()- command to pick the pen up.
 turtle.penDown()- command to put the pen down again to draw.
 turtle.penWidth = (1-10) - allows you to change the size of the pen
 turtle.color = red (blue, green . . .) -or- (255, 255, 255) RGB notation- allows you to change the
color of the pen and turtle.
makePlus(turtle) Function Hint Example
 CONGRATULATIONS!

 You have successfully completed the Python Turtles Tutorial.

 BONUS: Do more with your spiral and windmill designs by adding colors!
 CHALLENGE: Create your initials using the JES and Turtle commands!
BONUS: Doing More with Turtle Colors!
BONUS: Doing More with Turtle Colors!
Challenge: Use all the turtle commands
you have learned and create your initials!

 turtle.forward(distance)- command to move the turtle in the directions it’s facing.

Default distance is 100 pixels.
 turtle.turn(degrees)- turns the turtle in 90 degrees depending on the direction its
facing.
 turtle.moveTo(x, y)- command to place the turtle in a new location in the world.
 turtle.penUp()- command to pick the pen up.
 turtle.penDown()- command to put the pen down again to draw.
 turtle.penWidth = (1-10) - allows you to change the size of the pen
 turtle.color = red (blue, green . . .) -or- (255, 255, 255) RGB notation- allows you to
change the color of the pen and turtle.
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