ORAL COMMUNICATION

Communication is a broad concept that

covers every human activity. People live to
communicate and they communicate to might as well
live. Whatever the situation or context,
communication takes place, whether people
communicate to themselves or to others.
Communicators’ style in interacting may be
dependent on their purpose. Their style may also be
affected by their relationship to other
MODULE 3
communicators. Thus, communication shifts in a
variety of speech situations.
Communication is measured effective when
understanding takes place. However,
communicators may encounter misinterpretation
due to different factors. Thus, speech acts should be
given details to effectively respond to a given code
and vice versa.
In this module, you will be introduced to the
different speech contexts, speech styles, and speech
SPEECH
acts that a communicator may adopt whenever
engaging into communication whether in a normal
CONTEXT,
conversation or in the professional speaking arena.

SPEECH
STYLES AND
SPEECH ACTS
Speech Context,
Speech Styles
and Speech Acts
===
MODULE 3
 ORAL COMMUNICATION

Speech Context, Speech Styles and

Speech Acts MODULE

3
CONTENT STANDARD PERFORMANCE STANDARD
The learner recognizes that communicative The learner demonstrates effective use of
competence requires understanding of communicative strategy in a variety of
speech context, speech style, speech act and situations.
communicative strategy.
MOST ESSENTIAL LEARNING COMPETENCY
1. Distinguishes types of speeches and speech styles;
2. Explains that a shift in speech context, speech style, speech act, and communicative
strategy affects language form, duration of interaction, relationship of speaker, roles
and responsibilities of the speaker, message, and delivery.
SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES
At the end of this module, you are expected to be able to:

a. Identify the types of speech context, speech styles and speech acts;
b. Differentiate speech context from speech style;
c. Provide situations where these speech context, styles and acts may be adopted or be
applied.
ORAL COMMUNICATION

Read the dialogues in the comic strip below and take

note on how the interlocutors manage the communication.

Recall lines that you had during this pandemic in each

of the following contexts or situations.

Communicating between two

Communicating with self
persons
________________________
________________________
________________________
________________________

Communication in a small
Communication to the public
group
________________________
________________________
________________________
________________________
 ORAL COMMUNICATION

Read the notes on speech context, speech styles and speech acts
presented below.

Speech Context

Speech context refers to the situation or environment and the circumstances in which
communication occurs. It is the setting in which communication takes place. The context helps
establish meaning and can influence what is said and how it is said (DeVito, 2005).

Types of Speech Context

A. Intrapersonal
Intrapersonal communication can be defined as
communication with one’s self, and that may include
self-talk, acts of imagination and visualization, and even
recall and memory (McLean, 2005).
Shedletsky (1989) examined intrapersonal
communication through the eight basic components of the
communication process (i.e., source, receiver, message,
channel, feedback, environment, context, and interference)
as transactional, but all the interaction occurs within the
individual.
From planning to problem solving, internal conflict
resolution, and evaluations and judgments of self and others, we communicate with ourselves
through intrapersonal communication. All this interaction takes place in the mind without
externalization, and all of it relies on previous interaction with the external world (Shedletsky,
1989).

B. Interpersonal
Interpersonal communication is the
ongoing, ever-changing process that occurs
when you interact with another person,
forming a dyad, which is defined as two people
communicating with each other. Both individuals
in a dyad share the responsibility for determining
the nature of a relationship by creating meaning
from the interaction. Thus, anytime we
communicate with another person, whether a
friend, parent, co-worker, or employer, we are
communicating interpersonally.

Characteristics of Interpersonal Communication

1. It is a dynamic process. It is ongoing, continuous, and in a constant state of flux.
2. It is unrepeatable and irreversible. It is unique.
3. It is learned. We find out over time what works for us and what does not work if we
remain conscious of the communication.
4. It is characterized by wholeness and non-summativity. It operates as a complete entity,
much like a team functions.
 ORAL COMMUNICATION

Types of Interpersonal Communication

1. Dyadic Communication
It involves two participants forming the dyad. One speaker and one listener come together
to exchange thoughts, ideas, opinions, and information.

2. Small Group Discussion

It requires 3 to 15 people to study an issue, discuss a problem, and come up with a solution
or plan. It is not just a gathering but it has an agenda.

3. Public Communication
Unlike the first two types where interaction between the speaker and the listener is open,
this context gives spotlight to the speaker.

4. Mass Communication
It is any of the above human verbal interactions carried out with the aid of mass media
technology. Mass media is not just limited to radio and television but it may include social media.

5. Organizational Communication
It refers to the interaction of members along the links in an organizational structure.
Organizational communication could further be formal or informal. Formal uses proper channels
like memos, announcements and reports while informal may bypass the links.

6. Intercultural Communication
It is the exchange of concepts, traditions, values, and practices between and among
people of different people of different nationalities and ways of life.

Speech Style

Speech style refers to the form of language that the speaker utilized which is
characterized by the level of formality (Joos, M. (1976).

Types of Speech Styles

1. Intimate
Characteristics:
Completely private language is used within family of very close friends or group.
It uses personal language codes.
Grammar is unnecessary.
It does not need complete language.
It covers certain terms of endearment, slangs or expressions which meaning is
shared with a small subset of persons to person.

Examples:
Telling your bf/gf that you love him/her
Telling your best friend about your deepest and darkest problems
Asking your family for advice about serious matters
 ORAL COMMUNICATION

2. Casual
Characteristics:
It is the language used between friends.
It is often very relaxed and focused on just getting the information out.
Slangs are quite often used in these instances.
This style is used in informal situations and language.
Relationship between speaker and hearer is close.
Examples:
casual conversations with friends, family members,
Chats
phone calls and messages

3. Consultative
Characteristics:
It is used in semi-formal communication.
It happens in two-way participation.
Speaker does not usually plan what he wants to say.
Sentences end to be shorter and spontaneous.
Examples:
regular conversation at schools, companies
group discussion,
teacher-student
doctor-patient
expert-apprentice

4. Formal
Characteristics:
It is used in speaking to medium to large group.
This may also be used in single hearers- strangers, older persons, and
professional.
Speaker must frame whole sentences ahead before they are delivered.
It avoids using slang terminologies.
Language is comparatively rigid and has a set, agreed upon vocabulary that is well
documented (standard).

Examples:
meetings,
Speeches
school lessons
Court
a corporate meeting
swearing in ceremony, in an interview or in a classroom

5. Frozen
Characteristics:
It is used generally in very formal setting such as respectful situation.
It does not require any feedback from the audience.
It usually uses long sentences with good grammar and vocabulary.
The use of language is fixed and relatively static.
 ORAL COMMUNICATION

Examples:
national pledge
anthem
school creeds
marriage ceremonies
speech for a state ceremony

Speech Acts

• It is an utterance that a speaker makes to achieve an intended effect.

• Some of the functions which are carried out using speech acts are offering:
apology, greeting, complaint, request, invitation, compliment, or refusal (Austin,
1962).

Types of Speech Acts (Austin, 1962)

1. Locutionary
- the actual act of uttering
- literal level
Person 1: “I feel cold.”
Person 2: Oh…yes, it’s really cold.

2. Illocutionary
- the social function of what is said
Person 1: “I feel cold.”
Person 2: Oh…yes, do you need a warmer?.

Searle’s (1969) Classification of Illocutionary Speech Acts

A. Assertive
- The speaker expresses belief about truth of proposition.
- suggesting, swearing, boasting, and concluding

B. Directive
- The speaker tries to make the addressee perform an action

C. Commissive
- The speaker to doing something in the future
promising, planning, vowing,

D. Declaration
- It brings changes.

E. Expressive
- The speaker expresses his or her feelings or emotional reactions.
- thanking, apologizing, welcoming, deploring, betting
 ORAL COMMUNICATION

3. Perlocutionary
- It is the resulting act of what is said. The effect is based on the particular context in which the
speech act was mentioned.

Person 1: “I feel cold.”

Person 2: ( would automatically close all the windows or turn on the room heater)

ORAL COMMUNICATION
WRITTEN WORK #3
1st Grading Period
((CHECK YOUR GENYO ACCOUNT))

PERFORMANCE TASK 3: SKIT (VIDEO)

Create a one to two-minute skit demonstrating

situations where speech contexts (2), speech styles (2),
and speech acts (2) are manifested clearly. Be guided by
the criteria below (30 points).

CATEGORY 10 8 5 2

Creativity Communication Communication Not all Communication

situations are situations are communication situations are
presented in a somewhat situations are presented in a
creative manner. presented in a presented in a not creative
creative manner. creative manner. manner.

Content The target The target The target The target

content is fully content is content is content is not
met. somewhat incomplete. met. Just one or
complete. There are two concepts
The expected presented.
concepts not
speech styles, The expected presented.
context and acts speech styles,
are presented. context and acts
are somewhat
presented.
 ORAL COMMUNICATION

Video quality The video is The video is The video scarce It is clear that the
and Time frame meaningful, somewhat throughout the effort was
(1-2 minutes) colourful, and meaningful, piece and not lacking.
appropriate. It is colourful, and much time or
clear that time appropriate. It is effort was put
and effort went clear that some forth.
into his/her time and effort
creation. went into this/her
creation.

References:
Alones, J., & Gubat, G. (2016). Oral Communication. St. Andrew Publishing House.
Drussel, J. (2012). Social networking and interpersonal communication and conflict resolution
skills among college freshmen. Retrieved from
https://sophia.stkate.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1021&context=msw_papers
Flores, R. (2017). Oral communication in context. REX Bookstore.

Soliba, B., & Busbus, S. (2017). Oral competence: living the concepts of effective oral
communication. St. Bernadette Publishing House Corporation.

eCampusOntario (n.d.). Communication for business professionals. Retrieved

from https://ecampusontario.pressbooks.pub/commbusprofcdn/chapter/what-is-intrapersonal-
communication/#:~:text=Intrapersonal%20communication%20can%20be%20defined,memory%
20(McLean%2C%202005%20)
{Image of Interpersonal communication}. (n.d.) Retrieved from
https://www.google.com/search?q=interpersonal+communication&tbm=isch&hl=en&chips=q:int
erpersonal+communication,g_1:small+group:p7aVBx3GYeE%3D&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjVncK0
xLntAhXYBaYKHe5MAl0Q4lYoA3oECAEQHg&biw=1349&bih=657#imgrc=xhA5zqbNclEqQM&i
mgdii=RLeQiwY4SzeYMM
{Image of Intrapersonal communication}. (2015). Retrieved from
https://www.google.com/search?q=intrapersonal+communication&tbm=isch&chips=q:intraperso
nal+communication,g_1:cartoon:xE0O0Lqma_Q%3D&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjNuJXAxLnt
AhUD6ZQKHfIeDr0Q4lYoAnoECAEQHA&biw=1349&bih=657#imgrc=9GumutAOTcTOGM
Interpersonal communication: A First Look (n.d.). Retrieved from
https://www.fd.unl.pt/docentes_docs/ma/AGON_MA_25847.pdf