Generation Z:

Digital Natives

CONTENT
Everyday use of digital media

READING SKILL
Finding supporting details

BUILDING VOCABULARY
Learning collocations about
technology
 Before You Read
A. Connect with the topic. How old were you the first time you used each of
these items?
__ computer
__ video game system
_ mobile phone
_CD player
_mp3 player
_ digital camera

B. Pair work. Compare answers. Did you begin using any of the items at the
same age as your partner?
Example
A: The first time I used a computer, I was 8 years old.
B: Not me. I was...

C. Preview the reading. Move your eyes quickly over the reading on
pages 43-44. Look at the reading for only 1-2 minutes. Then complete
the Previewing Chart below.

Previewing Chart www.irLanguage.com

1. Title of the reading: ___________________
2. Names of people and places in 3. l(ey words. (What words appear
the reading. (List 2 more.) several times? List 2 more.)
Hongkong online

4. I think this reading is probably about

42 Chapter 5 I Generation Z: Digital Natives

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Generation Z: Digital Natives

In Istanbul, Yesim Yilmaz is getting ready for class. Her mother brings
her some breakfast, which Yesim eats while looking at her e-mail on
her phone. She has forgotten to read a chapter for her biology class. No
problem-she opens up her laptop and downloads a chapter from her
s online textbook to read on the train.
On Sunday afternoon next to his apartment complex 1 in Seoul, Min-ho
Park is waiting for the bus. At lightning speed, 2 he types a text message to
let his friend know he's on his way. Min-ho is never without his phone. In
fact, he's already bought a ticket on his phone for a movie he and his
IO friends will see this afternoon. Min-ho laughs as he checks some funny
photos his friend Jae-sung has just posted 3 online. His bus soon arrives.
Min-ho gets on, sits down, opens a game app4 on his phone, and puts his
earphones in his ears. Most of the other people on the bus who are
Min-ho's age are doing exactly the same thing.
1s Yesirn and Min-ho are members of Generation Z. They are sometimes
called "digital natives" because they have grown up with the Internet,
mobile phones, and social media s since they were children. In fact,
many have never seen a VCR or a telephone with a dial. Members of
Gen-Z are people born between the mid-1990s and the early 2000s. They
20 are also sometimes called Generation C, where the C stands for content, 6
community, or creative.
Their parents spent most of their teenage years7 listening to cassette Maps
players, watching VHS tapes, playing early video games, and calling pages 154. 155
friends on their families' telephones. Generation Z, however, is connected
25 to its music, videos, games, and friends online all day, every day. Recent Culture and
surveys show that young people in Asia spend an average of 9.5 hours per Language Notes
day online. And marketing companies know this. page 145

I apartment complex a group of several apartment buildings together

2 at lightning speed very fast
3 posted uploaded; put onto a website
4 app application
5 social media applications and websites that connect people and let them share content
with each other
6 content information, like texts, images, music, and videos
7 teenage years the years a person is 13 to 19 years old

43
 Every time they open their page on a social networking site, Gen-Z
members don't see only friends' updates8 and photos. They also see ads for
30 products they might want to buy. Marketing companies work with social
media sites to find out where their customers live, what movies, books,
and music they like, and who their friends are. The companies use this
information to show their customers the advertisements they want them
to see.
35What does this generation think about marketing companies knowing
so much about them? Are they worried about losing their privacy? Not
many seem to be very worried about companies knowing how to sell
things to them. Many Gen-Z members are more concerned about keeping
their private information from their parents. For example, Valerie Chen
40 in Kaohsiung is upset because her parents want to watch everything she
does online. But her parents' eyes are not enough to make her stop using
social media. Valerie knows how to limit what her parents can see about
her on the social networking sites she uses.
However, keeping information private from parents may not be the
45 only challenge. Many people are now finding out that posting funny
pictures on the Web can be a problem when they finish school and start
looking for a job. In fact, some studies show that more than 70% of
companies reject people who are looking for jobs because of what
they can see about them online. Because they grew up using social
so media, maybe Generation Z will be better at protecting their personal
information online than the generation before them. Only time will tell.
Word Count: 585 Reading Time: ___ Words per Minute: ___
(Minutes) (Word Count/Reading Time)

8 updates information that people put on social networking sites to say what they're doing, where
they are, etc.

44 Chapter 5 I Generation Z: Digital Natives

After You Read
Understanding the Text
A. Comprehension
For each item below, fill in the correct circle.
1. Finding the Main Idea This reading is primarily about _.
@ Generation Z and its use of technology
® the differences between members of Generation Z and their parents
© using technology to find a job

2. Scanning for Details Which statement is true about the people in

the article�
@ Most Gen-Z members have never used a desktop computer.
® The parents of Gen-Z don't use social networking sites.
© Some members of Gen-Z were born in the 21st century.

3. Scanning for Details Gen-Z members in Asia are online __ hours a day.
® 3.5
® 6.5
© 9.5
4. Scanning for Details Which statement is true about the people in
the article?
@ Yesim Y ilmaz is a student.
® Min-ho Park is probably not a student.
© Valerie Chen lives in Seoul.
5. Scanning for Details According to the article, the "C" in Generation C
stands tor __.
® community, commitment, creative
® content, community, creative
© creative, clever, content
B. Vocabulary
Underline these words in the reading passage on pages 43-44. Then complete
the sentences.

challenge connected marketing privacy reject

1. People in _____ figure out how to sell things.

2. Social networking sites let me stay _____ to my friends all the time.
3. I don't want companies knowing everything about me; I like having
my ____

45
 4. Some people completely ____ technology. They don't use e-mail, and
they don't like computers at all.
5. Learning how to use a new cell phone isn't hard for me, but it's a big
____ for my dad.

C. Consider the Issues

Work with a partner to answer the questions below.
1. Do you agree or disagree with the following statements? Check (.I') your

.
answers .

I l.
•,.,••. "...c • .. .,,.,,..,...... ·,. •... ..,.. .. • .• • • • •'
·:Statements . Agree Disagree
a. It's great for children to begin using technology at a very
D D
young age.
b. Spending 9.5 hours a day onlin·e is fine. D D
c. I couldn't live without a mobile phone. D D
d. Social networking sites are a great way to stay connected
D D
with people.
e. I am not worried about privacy on line. D D
f. I don't post funny photos online because I don't want
D D
future employers to see them.
g. Reading e-books is better than reading printed books. D D
h. I don't want my parents to see what I'm doing online. D D

Discuss your answers with another pair.

Example
A: I'm not worried about my privacy online.
B: Neither am I.
C: Really? I don't want strangers to know much about me.

2. Which statements describe your reaction to the reading? Check (.I') one or
more statements and add one of your own.
D I had never heard of Generation Z or Generation C before reading this.
D The use.of digital media in this article describes my friends and me.
D I was surprised to hear that some young people spend 9.5 hours a
day online.
D I was surprised to hear that 70% of companies reject job applicants
because of the information about them online.

46 Chapter 5 I Generation Z: Digital Natives

Building Vocabulary
Learning Collocations About Technology
There are a lot of collocations in English on the topic of technology.
Here are just a few of the new collocations that have entered the English
language since the Internet became popular.

• check out a website • upload photos

• click on a link • read a blog
• do a search (for something) online • send e-mail
• download music • add (someone) to my friends list

A. Complete the sentences using the correct form of the missing word in
each collocation.
1.When I arrive at work, my inbox is already full. I spend the next
two hours sending to people before I start my other work.
2. Jim is a really nice guy. I didn't know him before the party, but he
already me to his friends list.
3. I never ____ photos of myself online.
4. You should _____ this website. It has a lot of exercises to help you
practice grammar.
5.Every night I read a that my friend writes. She is so funny
and always has something interesting to say.
6.I don't know what happened. I clicked on a ____ and my
computer screen turned blue. I think I have a virus.
7. If you need to find some information for next week's homework, try
doing a online. ·
8.Jeffrey got in trouble because he _____ a lot of music, and his
parents had to pay for it all.

B. Which of the following nouns can you use with these verbs? Match each
verb with all of the nouns that you think are collocations in English.
Several answers are possible.
Verbs Nouns
1.write --- a. a message
2.post ___ b. an e-mail
3.reply to __ c. a blog
4. forward --- d. a link

47
 www.irLanguage.com

Reading Sl<ill
Finding Supporting Details
Writers usually provide details and examples to support their ideas and
opinions. Details give more information about what the author wants to
explain. Finding these supporting details will help you understand the
writer's ideas.
Example
!Main ldeaji.----· Yesim and Min-ho are members of Generation Z. They are sometimes
called "digital natives" because they have grown up with the Internet,
mobile phones, and social media since their were children. In fact, many
Supporting have never seen a VCR or a telephone with a dial. Members of Gen-Z
Details are people born between the mid-1990s and the early 2000s. They are
also sometimes called Generation C, where the C stands for content,
community, or creative.

A. Analyze the Reading

Look back at the reading on pages 43-44 and find at least one detail that
supports each of the ideas below.

1. Min-ho is never without his phone. While wqiting for his bus. he sent a
text message. bought movie tickets
chuted out his friend's new photos
and opened q gqme qpp.
2. Generation Z is online all day,
every day.

3. Marketing companies use social

networking sites to sell to members
of Generation Z.

4. Posting funny pictures today can be

a problem tomorrow,

Compare your answers with a partner.

48 Chapter 5 I Generation Z: Digital Natives

B. Apply the Reading Skill
Read the passage and find one supporting detail that matches each important
idea below.

Seniors9 Are Going Digital

In the age of a new generation of "digital natives," what are the "older" generations
doing to learn about the online world? The oldest of the American baby boomers (the
generation born between 1946 and 1964) learned how to use new media at work. But
for the generation born before 1946, getting used to computers and the Internet has
been a bigger challenge.

Several cities across the country have started to offer new programs for senior
citizens to teach them web skills. "At first, I wasn't sure if I would like it," says Agnes
Stein, a 78-year-old student at the Wayne Senior Center in Orrville, Ohio. "But now I
understand my grandchildren when they talk about what they do every day."

The number of seniors online is definitely increasing. In 2005, only five percent of
senior citizens had Internet access 10 in their homes, but as of 2009, the number had
gone up to 30 percent.

In fact, some seniors have become famous around the world for their use of the
Internet. The world's oldest person on Facebook, Ivy Bean, joined the site in 2008
when she was 102 years old. Sadly, she passed away in July 201 o, at the age of 104,
leaving behind 5,000 Facebook friends and thousands of followers on Twitter.

1. There are many new classes across the

U.S. to teach web skills to seniors.

2. The number of seniors online is definitely

increasing.

3. Some seniors become famous for their

use of the Internet.

Compare your answers with a partner.

9 seniors I senior citizens people over the age of 65

IO had Internet access Internet was available; could connect to the Internet

49
 Discussion & Writing
I. How digital are you? Read the questions and check (vi') your answers.

on the Internet

reading/writing text messages

on social networking sites

watching videos on line

reading/writing biogs

shopping online

reading articles on a computer

listening to music on a computer

or mp3 player

2. Find out about your classmates' digital habits. Choose one of the questions
in the chart above, and ask several of your classmates. Collect the
information and share it with your class.
Example
Six people spend more than 30 hours a week on the Internet.
Two people spend 5 to 10 hours on the Internet.
Listen to the other students' reports. Do the answers surprise you? Are you
a digital native? Why or why not?

Words to Remember
Mini-Dictionary I NOUNS : VERBS ADJECTIVES
page 158 ads i download digital
challenge ( reject personal
customers upset
dial
marketing
privacy
social networking (site)

irLanguage.com

50 Chapter 5 I Generation Z: Digital Natives

 I
I

READING SKILL
Making inferences
 Before You Read
A. Connect with the topic. Check ( .!) your answers to these questions
about success.
1. What makes a person successful? D a lot of money
D good friends and family
D health and happiness

2. What is most important for D being smart

success in business? D being serious
D being mean

3. Do you know anyone who is D yes,who? _________

successful in business? D no
8. Pair work. Compare answers to Activity A. Do you have the same ideas
about success?
Example
A: I think a successful person is someone who has good friends
and family.
B: I disagree! I think a successful person is someone who has a lot
of money.

C. Preview the reading. Move your eyes quickly over the reading on
pages 53-54. Look at the reading for only 1-2 minutes. Then complete
the Previewing Chart below.

Previewing Chart
1. Title of the reading:---------------- ---
2. Names of people and places in 3. Key words. (What words appear
the reading. (List 2 more.) several times? List 2 more.)
lubair kazi restaurant

4. I think this reading is probably about someone who __. (Check(./)

one or more.)
D is successful D is from Canada
D is a businessman D owns restaurants

52 Chapter 6 I How to Be a Successful Businessperson

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How to Be a Successful Businessperson

adapted from The Wall Street Journal

I lave you ever wondered why some people are successful in business
and others are not? Here's a story about one successful businessperson.
He started out 1 washing dishes, and today he owns 168 restaurants.
Zubair Kazi was born in Bhatkal, a small town in southwest India.
s His dream was to be an airplane pilot, and when he was 16 years old, he
learned to fly a small plane.

At the age of 23 and with just a little money in his pocket, Mr. Kazi
moved to the United States. He hoped to get a job in the airplane
industry in California. Instead, he ended up working 2 for a company
lO that rented cars.
Maps
While Mr. Kazi was working at the car rental company, he frequently pages 155. 156
ate at a nearby KFC restaurant. To save money on food,3 he decided to get
a job with KFC. For two months, he worked as a cook's assistant. His job I Culture and
was to clean the kitchen and help the cook. "I didn't like it:' Mr. Kazi says, Language Notes
is "but I always did the best I could." 4 page 146

1 started out began his career

2 he ended up working after much effort, he got a job
3 to save money on food to spend less money on food
4 did the best I could did as well as l was able; worked as bard as I could

53
 One day, Mr. Kazi's two co-workers failed to come to work. That
day, Mr. Kazi did the work of all three people in the kitchen. This really
impressed the owners of the restaurant. A few months later, the owners
needed a manager for a new restaurant. They gave the job to Mr. Kazi. He
20 worked hard as the manager, and soon the restaurant was making a profit.
A few years later, Mr. Kazi heard about a restaurant that was losing
money. The restaurant was dirty inside, and the food was terrible-greasy5
and undercooked. Mr. Kazi borrowed money from a bank and bought
the restaurant. For the first six months, Mr. Kazi worked in the restaurant
25 from 8 a.rn. to 10 p.m., seven days a week. He and his wife cleaned up
the restaurant, rernode]ed 6 the front of the building, and improved the
cooking. They also tried hard to please the customers. If someone had
to wait more than ten minutes for their food, Mrs. Kazi gave them a free
soda. Before long the restaurant was making a profit.
30 A year later, Mr. Kazi sold his restaurant for a profit. With the money
he earned, he bought three more restaurants that were losing money.
Again, he cleaned them up, improved the food, and retrained the
employees. Before long7 these restaurants were making a profit, too.
Today Mr. Kazi owns 168 restaurants, but he isn't planning to stop
35 there. He's looking for more poorly managed restaurants to buy. "I love
it when I go to buy a restaurant and find it's a mess;' Mr. Kazi says. "The
only way it can go is up:'s
Word Count 451 : Reading Time: ___ : Words per Minute: ___
! (Minutes) ( (Word Count/Reading Time)

About the Source

The Wall Street Journal is a leading business publication in the United States. It
includes stock quotes, national and international business news and trends, and
features articles such as this one on interesting people in the world of business.

5 greasy with lots of oil; oily

6 remodeled fixed, changed, and ainted
p
7 before long after a short amount of time
8 the only way it can go is up it can only gee better; it can't get worse

54 Chapter 6 I How to Be a Successful Businessperson

After You Read
Understanding the Text
A. Comprehension: Sequencing
Number these events in Mr. Kazi's life from 1 (the first) to 9 (the last).
_ He sold his first restaurant at a profit.
_ He got a job as a cook's helper.
_ He bought his 168th restaurant.
He moved to the United States.
_ He got a job at a car rental company.
_I_ He learned to fly a plane.
_ He bought his first restaurant.
__ He bought three more restaurants.
_ He became the manager of a restaurant.

B. Vocabulary
Underline these words in the reading passage on pages 53-54. Then complete
the sentences.

fail frequently impressed improved profit wonder

1. Raul's work has really since he took that training class last
month. Maybe all of our employees should try it.
2. The managers were very with Lara's work, so they gave her
a better job.
3. Sometimes I if I should look for another job, but it's not easy to
find one these days.
4. If my staff members to finish their work today, I'll have to finish
it tonight.
5. They are making more money and spending less than before. They've made
a huge this year.
6. I see Bob in the restaurant ---- . He comes in at least four times
a week.

55
 C. Consider the Issues
Work with a partner to answer the questions below.
1. Choose one adjective that describes Mr. Kazi and complete the
sentence below.

smart serious hardworking creative kind successful

We think Mr. Kazi is a _____ person.

Now explain why you chose the word. Choose one or more reasons from
the list below or think of your own.
D because he moved to the U.S. with little money
D because he made a profit with his restaurants
D because he did the work of three people at KFC
D because he worked seven days a week
D because he tried to please his customers
D because -------------------------

Share your ideas with the class.

Example
We think Mr. Kazi is a smart person because he made a profit with his
restaurants.

2. Group work. Think of a successful businessperson and answer the

questions below. Don't tell the other groups the name of your person.
a. What did this person do?

b. How would you describe this person?

Read your answers to the class and let them guess the person that you are
talking about.
Example
This person started Facebook when he was in college. We think he is very
smart and very creative.

56 Chapter 6 I How to Be a Successful Businessperson

Building Vocabulary
Learning Word Forms
You can build your vocabulary by learning different forms of a word.
Many words have more than one form, as in the chart below. For example,
when you learn the adjective successful, you can also learn the noun
success, the verb succeed, and the adverb successfully. (Not every word has
four forms.)

Noun Verb Adjective Adverb

success I succeed successful j successfully
hope hope hopeful hopefully
rent rent rental
-1
· impression impress impressive ; impressively
profit ---- ----
profit t profitable -, profitably
manager manage J ma�age-rial-- managerially

A. Complete each sentence with one of the words in parentheses.

1. (succeed I successful I successfully)
Mr. Kazi is a suc.c.essful restaurant owner.
Mr. Kazi manages 168 restaurants _____

2. (hoped I hopeful I hopefully)

Mr. Kazi _____ he would get a job in the airplane industry.
Mr. Kazi was _____ that he could get a job in the airplane
industry.

3. (manager I managed I managerial)

Mr. Kazi was the _____ of a KFC restaurant.
Mr. Kazi a KFC restaurant.

4. (impression I impr�ssed I imp,.essive)

Mr. Kazi's work _____ his employers.
Mr. Kazi's work made an on his employers.

5. (profit I profited I profitable)

Mr. Kazi made a ----- from the sale of each restuarant.
Mr. Kazi ----- from the sale of each restuarant.

57
 Reading Sl<ill
Making Inferences
An inference is a good guess or conclusion you can make from the facts
that you have.
Examples
Fact Inference
Mr.Kazi owns 168 restaurants. He's probably very busy.
He must have a lot of employees.
Fact Inference
Mr. Kazi wanted a job in the Mr.Kazi probably couldn't find
airplane industry, but he took a a job in the airplane industry.
job with a car rental company.

A. Analyze the Reading

What inferences can you make about Mr.Kazi from the information below?
Fill in the correct circle.
1. One day, Mr. Kazi's two co-workers did not come to work.That day, Mr. Kazi
did the work of three people.From this information, you can infer that ...
® Mr.Kazi probably worked very hard that day.
®Mr.Kazi is probably a tall man.
© Mr.Kazi probably didn't know his co-workers very well.
2. Mr.Kazi sold his first three restaurants for more money than he paid for
them.From this information, you can infer that ...
® Mr. Kazi is a good businessman.
®Mr.Kazi is an honest man.
© Mr.Kazi became a millionaire when he sold the restaurants.
3. Mr.Kazi started with very little money, but he now owns 168 restaurants.
From this information, you can infer that ...
® Mr.Kazi didn't need a lot of money to buy 168 restaurants.
®Mr.Kazi is not good at making money.
© Mr.Kazi has built a very successful business.
4. Mr.Kazi had very little money when he came to the United States. From
this information, you can infer that ...
® Mr.Kazi became successful as soon as he arrived in the U.S.
®Mr.Kazi needed to find a job as soon as he arrived in the U.S.
© Mr.Kazi was able to buy a restaurant as soon as he arrived in the U.S.

58 Chapter 6 I How to Be a Successful Businessperson

5. When the owners needed a manager for their new restaurant, the y gave the
job to Mr. Kazi.From this information, you can infer that ...
® The owners thought Mr.Kazi was a good worker.
® The owners were not successful businesspeople.
© The owners knew that Mr. Kazi didn't have a lot of money.

B. Apply the Reading Skill

Read the passage. Check ( .I) each item below that you can infer from the passage.
' ... -
A Good Idea that Gives Back to Others
After university, Kyle Bemer tried many
different jobs. He tried producing music,
selling computers, and even selling hot dogs
from a cart on the street. His dream was to
_ travel overseas. One day, he bought a ticket
to Thailand.
Kyle traveled to a small village called
Phitsanulok. Kyle worked as an English
teacher and studied the local culture. After a
year, he went back to the United States and
got a job at Tulane University, but he
couldn't forget about Phitsanulok.
He returned to Thailand one year later, and during this trip he bought a pair of flip-flops made
from natural rubber by a local family. He loved the shoes, and then he got an idea. He wanted to sell
� these shoes in the United States. So he started his own company called Feelgoodz.
· The goal of Feelgoodz is not only to make money, but also to do good things for others.
Feelgoodz gives one percent of its profits to groups that help people, one percent to help grow new
• rubber trees. and one percent to groups that help the earth. Kyle's company has become successful,
and he is now selling his flip-flops around the world.
·�...,�,.....,. -...........�" �_,...,..,�v--.-.-..,./'......_._�-.1'-�. �,.....__..,
r"
l. D Kyle Berner is from the United States.
2. D Kyle was very successful at producing music.
3. D Kyle had traveled overseas before he finished university.
4. D Phitsanulok is in Thailand.
5. 0 Kyle didn't like his job at Tulane University.
6. D Kyle cares about helping the earth and other people.
7. D Kyle wants people in Thailand to be able to grow more rubber trees.
8. D More people around the world wear flip-flops now than before.

59
 Discussion & Writing
1. Group work. A manager supervises a group of employees. What do you
think a good manager is like? Check(./) your answers below. Then add

I I
one of your own ideas.
fo
11t's important for a It's not important r www.irLanguage.com
manager to . • . a manager to, ..

D D always be honest
D D know about employees' personal lives
D D make a profit
D D be able to make difficult decisions
D D communicate well
0 D spend leisure time with employees
D D make sure employees aren't stressed
D D listen to others
D D understand new technologies
D D

Share ideas with the other groups in your class.

Example
We think it's important for a manager to be honest.

2. Would you be a good manager? Complete one of the sentences with

information about yourself.
I think I would be a good manager because

I don't think I would be a good manager because

Words to Remember
Mini-D,cnonary I NOUNS : VERBS : ADJECTIVES : ADVERBS
page 158
company : end up : successful (worl<) hard
dream : fail
manager : hope
profit impress
_ improve
: succeed
\ wonder

60 Chapter 6 I How to Be a Successful Businessperson