PFI ES-21 92 . . 7164544 0000181 398 . .

I'FI Stan'!ard I:S-11

(Rtc,O;sc'" 1992)

Internal Machining and Fit-up of GTAW

Root Pass Circumferential Butt Welds

Prepared by
Pipe Fabricati01l l1lStitute Engineering Committee

PIPE
FABRICATION
INSTITUTE

All PFI Standards are advisory only. There is no

agreement to adhere to any PFI Standard and
their use by anyone is entirely voluntary.

Copyright by

PIPE FABRICATION INSTITUTE

Dedicated to Technical Advancement and Standardization in
the Pipe Fabrication Industry
Since-1913
P. o. Box 173 • Springdale, PA 15144

ES-21
 PFI ES-21 92 . . 7164544 0000182 224 . .

PFI Standard ES-21

(Revised 1992)

Denotes Revision I

INTERNAL MACHINING AND FIT-UP

GTAW ROOT PASS CIRCUMFERENTIAL BUTT ENDS
METRIC CONVERSIONS
The conversion of quantities between systems of units involves a determination of the number of
significant digits to be retained. All conversions depend upon the intended precision of the original
quantity and are rounded to the appropriate accuracy.
Pipe sizes together with applicable wall thicknesses are not shown with metric equivalents.
Table 1 and 2 Machining Dimensions are not shown with metric equivalents_
The SI (metric) values where included with the customary U. S. values in this Standard are the
rounded equivalents of the U. S. vaules and are for reference only.
Metric units were derived utilizing the following conversion factor.
Conversion Factor
inches to 25.4
millimeter

1. Scope So=over tolerance on inside diameter

Su =under tolerance on inside diameter
1.1 This Standard covers the internal machining T =minimum ordered wall thickness
and fit-up tolerances for seamless and welded
piping components when the gas tungsten-arc t =nominal wall thickness
welding process is used for the root pass of tm =minimum wall requireed by design
circumferential butt welds.
3.2 To assure proper fit.up of adjoining compon-
ents, and to assure proper fit-up of consum-
2. End Preparation and able inserts (where used), it is recommended
Fit-up Tolerances that "Mo" be set at +.010" (0.3mm) and
"Mu" at -.040" (1.0mm).
2.1 Typical end preparations for different wall
thicknesses are shown in Figures 1 through NOTE:
5. Those dimensions which are marked with It must be recognized that large diameter 'pipe
an asterisk (*) may be modified as appro- with a relatively thin wall has a tendency to
priate for the applicable welding process and spring back after removal from the machining
variables associated with that process. These fixture. The tolerance (Mu or Mo) on the in-
specific dimensions shall be defined in the ternal machining dimension "C" is therefore
Welding Procedure Specification. applicable to the ends measured in the re-
2.2 Refer to Table 1 for fit-up tolerances that are strained condition. This should be considered
applicable to gas tungsten-arc root pass weld- when checking the "C" dimension after re-
ing with or without consumable insert rings. moval from the machining fixture.
3.3 Pipe and companion components specified by
3. Internal Machining outside diameter.
3.1 To determine 1.0. dimensions that must be 3.3.1 For pipe and companion components specified
maintained (usually by machining) to limit by outside diameter and minimum wall the
internal mismatch to that required for gas 1.D. machining dimension is determined as:
tungsten-arc root pass welding, the following C=A-Ru-MO---2tm
terms apply: +Mo
-Mu
A =specified outside pipe diameter
3.3.2 For seamless and hollow forged pipe to ASTM
B =nominal inside pipe diameter A 106, A312, A335, A376, or A405 "Ru"=
C =I.D. machining dimension 0.031/1 (0.8mm) Using the recommended val-
d ==specified minimum inside dia..'!leter ues of HMo" and ttMu" in Paragraph 3.2,
Mo=over tolerance on C-bore Formula 3.3.1 becomes:
Mu=under tolerance on C-bore I n l tV'
-,-_".&.v
Ru =under tolerance on outside diameter -.040"
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 PFI ES-21 92 . . 7164544 0000183 160 . .

3.3.3 For pipe specified by outside diameter and 4.2 Seamless pipe ordered by outside diameter:
nominal wall (or schedule) where the ASTM Formulas 3.3.1, 3.3.2 and 3.3.3 are intended to
12%% nominal to minimum wall thickness permit minimum wall to be maintained with-
tolerance applies, Formula 3_3.1 becomes: out purchase of material having wall thickness
C=A-O.041-1.75t +0.010" in excess of that required to satisfy "tra" or
--0.040" T as applicable.
HC" dimensions for standard ANSI B36.10 When pipe and adjoining components are re-
pipe sizes, 24" and under with wall thickness ceived with the O.D_ larger than dimension
0.562" (14mm) and heavier are published in "A" but within the permitted O.D. tolerance,
Table 2. These dimensions have been calcu- it may be necessary to perform an additional
lated in accordance with Formula 3.3.3. operation of depositing weld metal on the LD.
3.4 Pipe and companion components speci.6ed by or O.D. surface at the welding end (weld
inside diameter_ buildup) to assure full circumferential boring
and t m •
3.4.1 The formulas below may be used as a guide to
determine the internal machining dimension 4.3 Pipe ordered to inside diameter:
for pipe and companion components specified
by inside diameter. When the formula listed in 3.4_1 is used for
computing internal machining dimensions,
C=d+So+Su-Mo +Mo and pipe is received with the I.D. at the mini-
-Mu mum of the permitted tolerance range, the
NOTES: possibility exists that machining will encroach
on "tm -'.
1. Where "d" is specified as nominal instead
of minimum I.D., "Su" should be dropped To minimize this problem, one of the follow-
from the expression. ing options may be utilized.
2. When using welded pipe, permissible varia- a) The ordered pipe wall thickness must be
tions in out-of-roundness and diameter may increased to provide additional stock for
make procurement of pipe with sized ends machining by use of the following form-
desirable. In this case "So" should be set ula:
equal to the plus sizing tolerance and "So" T = So+Su+tm+Mo
the minus sizing tolerance.
b) The HC" dimension and the minimum
3.5 Where the outside and/or inside diameters wall (tm ) that must be maintained at the
of the adjacent components differ from each HC" dimension should be specified on the
other by more than the nominal tolerances, purchase order for the pipe.
the heavier component shall be tapered in ac-
cordance with ANSI BI6.25, Figure 1.
Note regarding rolled and welded pipe:
4. Material Ordering Due to the greater tolerances permitted for
this material regarding out of roundness and
4.1 In some cases selection of lD. machining di- variation in diameter, use of the options listed
mensions may affect ordered wall thicknesses in 4.3 above may not necessarily eliminate the
of pipe and companion components. need for weld buildups in these materials.

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 PFr ES-21 92 . . 7164544 0000184 OT7 . .
~ CHAMFER OR SQUARE CUT

r-~~-L
1 ;;r -JI-G* {
FIG. 1
FOR NOMINAL WALLS 1/16" (1.5mm) AND LESS

GRIND TO -ROUNDED PROFILE ~

WHERE REQUIRED "-
(ONE OR BOTH SIDES OF FITUP)

I
1 4

I I
V
I Y

FIG. 2 FIG. 3
--
. FOR NOMINAL WALLS OVER 1/16" (1.5mm) TO 7/," (22mm) INCLUSIVE FOR NOMINAL WALLS OVER '11" (22mm)

OPTION A

NOTE: TOLERANCES ON C
DO NOT APPLY ON M.

c
ROUNDED
FIG. 4
ALTERNATE
FOR NOMINAL WALLS OVER '/a" (10mm)

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 PFI ES-21 92 . . 7164544 0000185 T33 . .

TABLE 1.

Dimensional joint & fit-up tolerances applicable to welding with and without
consumable insert ringa.

WITH INSERT WITHOUT

LEGEND FIG.
TYPE A TYPE B TYPE C INSERT

G 1 TT + 1/32" Max. TT+ 1/32" Max. TI + 1/32" Max. 0 to 1/32" Max.

G 2&3 TT + 1/32" Max. TI+ 1/32" Max. TT + 1/32" Max. a to 3/32 Max.
11

G 4 TT + 1/32" Max. . TT + 1/32" Max. TI~ 1/32" Max • 0 to 1/16" Max.

y 1 0 to 1/32" Max. a to 1/32~' Max. a to 1/32" Max. a to 1/32" Max.

y 4 a to 3/32 " Max. a to 1/32" Max. a to 1/16" Max. 0 to 1/16" Max.

y 4&5 a to 3/32" Max. 0 to 1/32" Max. 0 to 1/16" Max. a to 1/32" Hax.

With or Without Insert

R 4A Slightly Rounded

R 4B 3/16" (5mm)

z 4A ~ / (3 " ( 3mm ) Min i mum

z 48 a to Approx. 1/8" (3mm)

L 2&3 1/16 11 + 1/32 11 ( 1. 5mm ! O. 8mm)

M 4 5/64 11 + (2mm i" O.4mm)

x 4 3/16 11 (5mm) Minimum

TYPICAL INSERT RING TYPES

~I-- TT (TYP. )

0 0 ~
TYPE A TYPE B TYPE C

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 PFI ES-21 92 . . 7164544 0000186 97T . .

TABLE 2 MACHINING DIMENSIONS (Continued)

Machinrd J. D.
Sch.,dul., Nominal Wall of Pipr "C'
Nominal Nominal O. D. Nominal I. D.
Number "'A" Thickllrss
Pipe Size or Wall "B" "f' T J + 0.010
o rune.: _ 0.(1.(<1

l XXS 3.500 2.300 .600 2.409

.( XXS .(.500 3.152 .674 3.279

5
160
XXS
·
5.563
.(.313
4.063
.625
.750
4.428
.(.209

120 6.625 5.501 .562 5.600

6 160 · 5.187 .719 5321

XXS · .(.897 .86-( 5.072

100 8.625 '-"37 .594 7546

120 · 1.187 .719 7327

• 1040 · 7.001 .812 7.163

XXS • 6.87S .875 7.0~3

160 · 6.813 906 6.998

80 10.750 9.562 .59.( 9.(;71

100 · 9.312 .719 9.452

10 120 · 9.062 .844 9.234

140 · 8.750 1.000 8.959

160 · 8.500 1.125 11.740

60 12.750 11.626 .502 11.725

AO · 11.37.( .688 I I. 507
100 · 11.062 .844 I1.2H
12
120 · 10.750 1.000 10.959
1,(0 · 10.500 1.125 10.740

160 · 10.126 1.312 . 10.413

60 1<4.000 12.812 .594 l2.nl

80 · 12.500 .750 12.646

100 · 121204 .938 I Z ..I 1'1

1.( 0.0.
120 · 11.812 1.094 12 (I~r.

loCO · 11.500 1.2S0 I I." 1

160 · 11.188 1.406 11,498

All dlm~nsioru !ITt in inchn.

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 PFI ES-21 92 . . 7164544 0000187 806 . .

TABLE 2 MACHINING DIMENSIO~S

-
I>hthincd 1. D.
Schedule Nominal '-X'.ll of Pipe "C'
Nominal Nomical O. D. t-;omin3i I. D. Thickn ...
Numb« "B"
Pi~ Sin Or Wall
"A" .. t'.
Toleraoce -0.040
+ 0.010

W 16.000
I 14.688 .656 14.811

80 · 14.312 .844 1'.4~~

100
.. 1 ~.938 1.031 14.155
16 O. D.
120 · 13.~62 1.219 J 1, ~L!-;

140 · 13.124 1..08 13,442

160 · 12.812 1.594 I \ 171

40 18000
I 16.676 .562 16.975

60 · I 16.500 .750 16.646

80 · 16.124 .938 1(, \ 1'J

100 · 15.688 1.156 15.9~

18 O. D.
120 · I 15.2~0 I..n, 15.'53
I
140 · I 14.676 U62 1'.225

160 · 14,438 l.i81 14.842

40 20.000 18.812 .594 1R ')21

60 · 18.376 .812 18.538

SO · 17.938 1.031 18.155

20 O. D. 100 - 17,438 I.l81 17.7!7

120 · 17 .(lOO l.500 17.334

140 · 16.500 1.7!>O 16.896

160 · 16.062 1.969 1(, ~ IS

- 22.000 20."50 .625 20.865

·60 · 20.250 .8~5 20.428

SO · 19.750 1.125 19.990

22 O. D. 100 - 19.250 1.375 19.5B

120 · IS.750 1.62S 19.115

140 · 18.250 I.S~5 18.678

160 · 17.750 2.IH 18.240

30 2.(.000 22.876 .562 22.975

40 · 22624 .(>l';8 ~2 i)'"

(;0)
I · 21OG2 969 ~~ 2(,.,

80 · 21. 562 1.219 21 '>2'

24 O. D.
100 · 20938 1. 531 21.280

120 · 20.3 ~(, 1.812 20."88

140 · 198'0 20G2 20 350

I 160 · 19 312 2344 I II,.!, ~)

-
dimt"n~lons ife In inthr~.

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 PFI ES-21 92 . . 71b4544 0000188 742 . .

A current index of the latest revised ES Standards and Technical Bulletins is available from the
Pipe Fabrication Institute.

PFI Standards and Technical Bulletins are published to serve proven needs of the pipe fabricating
industry at the design level and in actual shop operations. Hence, such needs are continually considered
and reviewed by the Engineering Committee of the Pipe Fabrication Institute to provide recommended
procedures which have been demonstrated by collective experiences to fulfill requirements in a
manner for Code compliance. However, as the PFI Standards are for minimum requirements the
designer or fabricator always has the option of specifying supplementary conditions in the form
of requirements beyond the scope of the PFI publications.

Copyright by the Pipe Fabrication Institute

Thu Aug 31 19:30:57 2006