Mathematics

10
Quarter 3 – Module 29: Introduction to
Probability of Compound Events

Department of Education • Republic of the Philippines

Mathematics – Grade 10
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 3 – Module 29: Probability of Compound Events
First Edition, 2020

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ii
 WHAT I KNOW
Let us determine how much you already know about probability
of compound events.

DIRECTION: Read and analyze each item carefully. Choose the correct
answer and write only the letter of your answer on your answer sheet.

1) If A = {2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16} and B = {3, 6, 9, 12, 15}, find n(A ∩ B).
A) 0 B) 2 C) 8 D) 11

2) Which of the following is NOT a true statement?

A) For an event, the closer its probability is to 0, the more likely it is to
happen.
B) The probability that an event will happen is value from 0 to 1.
C) The probability of an event certain to happen is 1.
D) The probability of an impossible event is 0.

3) Which of the following can be illustrated as a compound event?

A) Getting at least two heads when tossing a coin thrice.
B) Choosing a female student from a class.
C) Rolling a three in standard die.
D) Picking a dress in the closet.

4) How many possible outcomes are there in an experiment of tossing three

coins?
A) 3 B) 6 C) 8 D) 12

5) There are 12 apples and 14 oranges in a basket. If a fruit is picked at

random, what is the probability of picking an orange?
7 6 7 6
A) B) C) D)
13 13 12 12

6) Find the probability of having exactly two females in two children

assuming that having a male child is equally likely to having a female
child.
1 2 1 1
A) B) C) D)
2 3 5 4

For items #7 & 8. In an experiment of tossing a six – sided die, let A be the
event of rolling a factor of 6 and B be the event of rolling an odd number.

7) What is A ∪ B?
A) {1, 2, 3, 6} B) {1, 2, 3, 5, 6} C) {1, 3, 5} D) {1, 3}

3
 8) What is the cardinality of A ∩ B?
A) 0 B) 1 C) 2 D) 3

9) A box contains 7 black marbles, 8 white marbles, and 5 yellow marbles.

If a marble is drawn at random, what is the probability of getting a black
or a yellow marble?
3 1 2 13
A) B) C) D)
5 4 5 20

10) A letter is randomly chosen from the word “MATHEMATICS”. Find the
probability that a letter A or T will be selected.
2 4 6 7
A) B) C) D)
11 11 11 11

11) A die is rolled. What is the probability that the result is an even number
and a factor of 2?
1 2 1 1
A) B) C) D)
4 3 2 6

12) Two fair dice, each with faces numbered 1 to 6 are rolled. What is the
probability of getting a sum that is greater than 5 and less than 10?
13 5 5
A) B) C) D) 1
18 6 9

For items #13 & 14. From a survey of habits, 48% of students interviewed
said that they surf the internet, 36% read pocketbooks, and 28% surf the
internet and read pocketbooks. If a student is chosen from those interviewed,
find the probability that this student

13) surf the internet or read pocketbooks.

A) 72% B) 56% C) 44% D) 16%

14) does NOT surf the internet nor read pocketbooks.

A) 72% B) 56% C) 44% D) 16%

15) In a graduating class of 100 students, 54 will study mathematics, 60

will study physics, and 35 will study both mathematics and physics. If
one of these students is selected at random, find the probability that
the student will study physics but NOT mathematics.
7 3 21 1
A) B) C) D)
20 5 100 4

4
 Introduction to Probability
Lesson
of Compound Events

WHAT’S IN
When you were in grade 7 and grade 8, you learned the different
mathematics concepts related to sets, Venn diagram and
probability of simple events. These knowledge and skills are
very important in understanding the probability of compound events. Hence,
let us review the following concepts and do the activity that follows.

A) Set is any well-defined collection of objects. The objects comprising the set
are called its elements. The notation a ∈ A is used to denote that a is an
element of set A.

1) The number of distinct elements in a set is called the cardinality of

the set. The symbol n(A) represents the number of elements of set A.
It is read as the “number of A”.

2) If A and B are any two sets, the intersection of A and B, denoted by

A ∩ B, is the set consisting of all elements that belong to both A and
B. In symbol,
A ∩ B ={ x | x ∈ A and x ∈ B }
This notation is read as “A intersection B is the set of x
such that x is an element of A and x is an element of B”.

3) The union of two sets A and B, denoted by A ∪ B, is the set of all

elements that belong to A or to B. Symbolically,
A ∪ B ={ x | x ∈ A or x ∈ B }
This notation is read as “A union B is the set of x such
that x is an element of A or x is an element of B”.

4) The relationship among sets can be represented using a Venn

diagram.
Examples:

A∪B A∩B

5
Illustrative Example 1. If R is the set of colors in a rainbow and F is the set
of colors in the Philippine flag, name the elements of each set and their
cardinality. Find the union and intersection of these two sets.

a) elements
R = {red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo, violet}
F = {blue, red, white, yellow}
b) cardinality
n(R) = 7
n(F) = 4
c) union
R ∪ F = { red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo, violet, white}
d) intersection
R ∩ F = { red, yellow, blue}

B) Probability is a measure or estimation of how likely it is that an event will

occur.

1) The probability of simple event is finding the probability of a single

event occurring.

2) In an experiment with outcome that are equally likely to happen, the

probability of an event, E, is a ratio that compares the number of
favorable outcomes to the number of possible outcomes. In symbols,
number of favorable outcomes
P(E) =
number of possible outcomes

3) The notation P(E) is read as “the probability of an event E” or simply

the probability of E”.

Illustrative Example 2: A bag has 3 red, 4 yellow, 6 blue and 7 white

marbles. If a marble is chosen at random, what is the probability that the
chosen is a blue marble?

Solution:

Total marbles in the bag = 20 possible outcomes

Number of blue marble = 6 favorable outcomes

number of favorable outcomes

P(E) =
number of possible outcomes

6 3
P(blue) = =
20 10

6
C) Other terms associated with probability:

1) Experiments are activities which have well – defined results.

2) Outcomes are possible results of an experiment.
3) Sample Space is the set of all possible outcomes of an experiment.
4) Event is a subset of the sample space.

Illustrative Example 3:

Experiment: Tossing a coin twice.

Outcomes: Getting two heads (HH), getting a head on the first
coin and tail on the second coin (HT), getting tail on
the first coin and head on the second coin (TH) and
getting two tails (TT).
Sample Space: {HT, HH, TH, TT}
Event: Getting at least one head, getting at most one tail, etc

Now, your turn!

Activity 1. Answer what is asked.

1) Name the elements of the following sets:

a) A is the set of Southeast Asia nations.

________________________________________________________________
b) B is the set of months of the year with 30 days only.
________________________________________________________________
c) C is the set of positive odd integers less than 10.
________________________________________________________________

2) Find the cardinality of the following sets:

d) D = {positive multiples of 3 less than 30} _____________________

e) E = {positive even prime number} _____________________________
f) F = {distinct letters in the word PHILIPPINES} __________________

3) If G = { multiples of 3 between 10 and 28 } and H = { multiples of 6

between 5 and 40}

g) G ∪ H ___________________________

7
 h) G ∩ H ___________________________

4) Linda has 6 roses, 5 anthuriums, 9 daisies, and 10 dahlias in her flower

vase. If she picks one flower at random, what is the probability that she
will pick a

i) rose? ____________________

j) daisy? ____________________

5) 10 - Prestige has 18 male and 24 female students. Suppose that the

officers are chosen at random, what is the probability of choosing a

k) female as the president of this class? _____________________

l) male as the vice-president of this class? _____________________

Let’s have more!

Activity 2. Identify the outcomes, sample space and event of each
experiment.

1) Experiment: Rolling a six sided - die

Outcomes: _________________________________________________
Sample Space: _________________________________________________
Event: _________________________________________________

2) Experiment: Two leaders are selected from five students A, B, C

D and E to lead a tree planting activity.
Outcomes: _________________________________________________
Sample Space: _________________________________________________
Event: _________________________________________________

8
 WHAT’S NEW
The probability of simple event involves a single event occurring
and the probability of compound events involves more than
one event happening together. Compound events are usually
connected by the word “and” or “or”.

Illustrative Example 4.
a) Simple probability: The probability of getting a head when tossing a
coin.
b) Compound probability: The probability of getting a head and an even
number when tossing a coin and a die.

Let us see if you understand simple event and compound events. Do the
activity below.

Activity 3. Write S if the statement illustrates probability of simple event

and C if it illustrates probability of compound event.

_____1) The probability of rolling a 4 on a standard die.

_____2) The probability of choosing a male student for SSG president.
_____3) The probability of rolling an even number or a multiple of 3 on a
die.
_____4) The probability of drawing a spade from a standard deck of cards.
_____5) The probability of choosing a male and a Grade10 student for SSG
President.
_____6) The probability of drawing a heart and a red card on a standard
deck of cards.

Always remember the following concept of probability.

If an event E has n(E) equally likely outcomes and its sample S has
n(S) equally likely outcomes, the probability of event E, is

𝑛(𝐸) number of event E or favorable outcomes

𝑃(𝐸) =
𝑛(𝑆) number of sample space or possible outcomes

9
 Because the number of favorable outcomes in an event must be less
than or equal to the number of outcomes in the sample space, the probability
of any event E, must be a number between 0 and 1. That is,

0 ≤ P(E) ≤ 1.

Hence, the probability of an impossible event is 0 and the probability of

an event certain to happen is 1.

WHAT IS IT
Solving the probability of compound events can be illustrated
using the concepts of union and intersection of events and the
Venn diagram.
 The union of events A and B, denoted by A ∪ B, is the set of all
outcomes for either A or B .
 The intersection of events A and B, denoted by A ∩ B, is the set of all
outcomes shared by A and B. Let’s have examples:

Illustrative Example 5. In an experiment of rolling a standard die and

tossing a coin, let E denote the event that an even number is rolled and T
denote the event that a tail turns up. Find the union and intersection of these
events.
sample space, S = {1H, 2H, 3H, 4H, 5H, 6H, 1T, 2T, 3T, 4T, 5T,6T}

E = {2H, 4H, 6H, 2T, 4T, 6T}

T = {1T, 2T, 3T, 4T, 5T, 6T}

E ∪T = {2H, 4H, 6H,1T, 2T, 3T, 4T, 5T, 6T}

E ∩T = {2T, 4T, 6T}

Activity 4. Identify the sample space S, the elements of M, N, M ∪ N and

M ∩ N.
1) A three – child family is selected at random from a set of families with
three children. Let M denote the event that exactly one child is a boy and
N denote the event that exactly two children have the same gender.
a) S = ______________________________________________
b) M = ______________________________________________
c) N = ______________________________________________
d) M ∪ N = __________________________________________

10
 e) M ∩ N = __________________________________________
2) In an experiment of turning a spinner as shown at 8 1
the right, let M denote the event that the arrow will 7 2
stop on an odd number and N denote the event that
6 3
the arrow will stop on numbers less than 6.
5 4
a) S = __________________________________________
b) M = _________________________________________
c) N = ______________________________________________
d) M ∪ N = __________________________________________
e) M ∩ N = __________________________________________

This time, let’s have examples on solving probability of compound events.

Example 1. A six-face die which contains number of dots from 1 to 6 was

rolled. Find the probability of:
a) rolling an even number or a multiple of 3.
b) rolling an even number and a multiple of 3.

Solution:
The experiment is rolling a die, whose sample space, S, is
S = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}
n(S) = 6 number of sample space

The elements of the two events are:

A = {2, 4, 6} Let A be the event of rolling an even number
B = {3, 6} Let B be the event of rolling a multiple of 3

a) Solve for P(A ∪ B) since problem a illustrates union of two events.

A ∪ B = {2, 3, 4, 6} union of A and B
n ( A ∪ B) = 4 number of favorable outcomes n(E)
n(A∪B) 𝑛(𝐸)
P(A ∪ B) = In 𝑃(𝐸) = , let n(E) = n(A∪B)
n(S) 𝑛(𝑆)

4 2
P(A ∪ B) = = Substitute n(A∪B)=4 and n(S) = 6
6 3

2
∴The probability of rolling an even number or a multiple of 3 is .
3

11
 b) Solve for P(A ∩ B) since problem b illustrates intersection of two
events.
A ∩ B = {6} intersection of A and B
n(A ∩ B) = 1 number of favorable outcomes n(E)
n(A ∩ B)
P(A ∩ B) = In 𝑃(𝐸) =
𝑛(𝐸)
, let n(E) = n(A∩B)
n(S) 𝑛(𝑆)

1
P(A ∩ B) = Substitute n(A∩B)=1 and n(S) = 6
6

∴The probability of rolling a result that is both an even number and a

1
multiple of 3 is .
6
Example 2. Two fair dice are rolled. Find the probability that both dice
a) turn up the same number or that the sum of the numbers is less than 7.
b) turn up the same number and that the sum of the numbers is less than 7.

Solution:

The experiment is rolling two dice, whose sample space, S, is

S = {(1,1), (1,2),…, (3,1), (3,2),…, (6,4), (6,5), (6,6)}

n(S) = 36
Let the two events that are involved to be:

C = the event that both dice turn up the same number.

D = the event that the sum of the numbers is less than 7.

The elements of the two events are

C = {(1,1), (2,2), (3,3), (4,4), (5,5), (6,6)}
D = {(1,1), (1,2), (1,3), (1,4), (1,5), (2,1), (2,2), (2,3), (2,4), (3,1),
(3,2), (3,3), (4,1), (4,2), (5,1)}

a) Solve for P(C ∪ D) since problem a illustrates union of two events.

C ∪ D = {(1,1), (1,2), (1,3), (1,4), (1,5), (2,1), (2,2), (2,3), (2,4),

(3,1), (3,2), (3,3), (4,1), (4,2), (4,4), (5,1), (5,5), (6,6)}
n(C ∪ D) = 18
n(C ∪ D) 18 1
P(C ∪ D) = = =
n(S) 36 2
∴The probability of both dice turn up the same number or that the sum
1
of the numbers is less than 7 is .
2

12
 b) Solve for P(C ∩ D) since problem b illustrates intersection of two
events.

C ∩ D = {(1,1), (2,2), (3,3)}

n (C ∩ D) = 3

n(C ∩ D) 3 1
P(C ∩ D) = = =
n(S) 36 12

∴The probability of both dice turn up the same number and that the
1
sum of the numbers is less than 7 is .
12

Example 3. Three coins are tossed. Find the probability of getting at least one
head.
Solution:
The experiment is tossing three coins, whose sample space, S, is

S = {HHH,HHT, HTH, HTT, TTT, TTH, THT, THH}

n(S) = 8
The event is to get at least one head, which has three possible cases-
either the favorable outcomes should have 1 head or 2 heads or 3 heads.

A = {HTT, TTH, THT} Let A be the event that one head turns up
B = {HHT, HTH, THH} Let B be the event that two heads turn up
C = {HHH} Let C be the event that three heads turn up
A ∪ B ∪ C = {HTT, TTH, THT, HHT, HTH, THH, HHH}
n(A ∪ B ∪ C) = 7
Hence,
P(at least one head) = P(A ∪ B ∪ C)

n(A ∪ B ∪ C) 7
P(A ∪ B ∪ C) = =
n(S) 8

7
∴ The probability of getting at least one head in tossing 3 coins is .
8
Example 4. The Venn Diagram at the right
shows the probabilities of Grade 10 students M S
who joined either Mathematics Club (M) or
Science Club (S). 0.43 0.12 0.38

a) Find the probability of selecting a student

0.07
who joined Mathematics or Science Club.

13
b) Find the probability of selecting a student who joined Mathematics and
Science Club.

Solution: The diagram represents the total sample space of the two events
M and S because the sum of all the values in the diagram is

0.43 + 0.12 + 0.38 + 0.07 = 1.

a) One way to solve the probability of M ∪S is to add all the probabilities

found within the two circles in the diagram. Thus,

P(M ∪ S) = 0.43 + 0.12 + 0.38 = 0.93

b) The probability of M ∩S is the value in the overlapping region 0.12.

Example 5. A poll conducted by the school canteen showed that 45 students

liked hamburger (H), 60 students liked egg sandwich (E), 27 like both
hamburger and egg sandwich and, 12 liked neither snacks. What is the
probability of selecting a student who likes hamburger or egg sandwich?

Solution:
Illustrate the problem using Venn diagram so that we can visualize the
probabilities easier.

H E

18 27 33

12

 Because 27 is the number of students who liked both hamburger and

egg sandwich, we place 27 in the intersection of the two sets.
 There are 45 students who liked hamburger but 27 were already placed
inside circle H. Hence, there are 45 – 27 = 18 students who liked
hamburger only.
 There are 60 students who liked egg sandwich but 27 were already
placed inside circle E. Hence, there are 60 – 27 = 33 students who liked
egg sandwich only.
 12 students neither liked hamburger nor egg sandwich so it will be
placed outside the two circles.
 Thus the number of elements in the sample space, S, is

18 + 27 + 33 + 12 = 90.

14
  To solve for the probability of selecting a student who liked hamburger
or egg sandwich is to solve for P(H ∪ E).

n(H ∪ E)
P(H ∪ E) =
n(S)

18 + 27 + 33
P(H ∪ E) =
90

78 13
P(H ∪ E) = =
90 15

∴ The probability of selecting a student who like hamburger or egg

13
sandwich is .
15

Example 6. Out of 250 tourists, 146 visited Korea (K), 108 visited Japan (J),
142 visited Hong Kong (H), 70 visited Korea and Japan, 71 visited Japan and
Hong Kong, 82 visited Korea and Hong Kong and 46 visited Korea, Japan and
Hong Kong.

The Venn diagram at the

right illustrates the relationship K
J
of these sets of data. If a tourist
is randomly chosen from this 40 24
group, what is the probability of 13
choosing a tourist who already
46
visited 36 25
a) Korea?
b) Korea only? 35
c) Japan or Hong Kong?
d) Korea and Hong Kong? 31 H
e) Hong Kong but not Japan?

Solution:
The total number of elements in the sample space, S, is

n(S) = 40 + 24 + 13 + 36 + 46 + 25 + 35 + 31 = 250
n(K) 40 + 24 + 36 + 46 146 73
a) P(K) = = = =
n(S) 250 250 125

n(only K) 40 4
b) P(only K) = = =
n(S) 250 25

n(J ∪ H) 24 + 13 + 46 + 25 + 36 + 35 179
c) P(J ∪ H) = = =
n(S) 250 250

15
 n(K ∩ H) 46 + 36 82 41
d) P(K ∩ H) = = = =
n(S) 250 250 125

n(H but not J) 36 + 35 71

e) P(H but not J) = = =
n(S) 250 250

WHAT’S MORE
Now, your turn!

Activity 5.
What is the mathematical term for the division sign (÷)?

2 1 1 8
1 0
15 2 15 15

Direction: To answer the question above, solve the following problem. Then,
match your answer to the decoder.

Problem: Number cards 1 through 30 are shuffled and place on the table
face down. One card is chosen at random. What is the probability that the
number chosen will be

E) a multiple of 3 or 4?
L) a multiple of 3 and 4?
O) an even or odd number?
U) an even and odd number?
S) a multiple of 5 or contain the digit 2?
B) a multiple of 3 and contain the digit 2?

Activity 6. Out of the 250 Grade 10 students, 120 liked mathematics (M),
160 liked science (S) and 75 liked both mathematics and science.

a) Draw a Venn diagram illustrating this problem.

b) If a student from this group is selected, what is the probability that
he/she likes mathematics or science?
c) Find the probability that a student who was selected from this group
does NOT like any of the two subjects.

16
Activity 7.
What do you call the division slash (/)?

9 7 21 17 63 1 3
50 20 100 25 100 10 50

Direction: To answer the question above, solve the following problem. Then,
match your answer to the decoder.

Problem. Out of 500 students, 225 liked pop music, 215 liked rock music,
175 liked country music, 90 liked pop and country music, 125 liked pop
and rock music, 110 liked rock and country music and 50 liked pop, rock,
and country music.
The Venn diagram below shows the relationship of these sets of data.

Pop Rock

60 75
30
50
40 60

25

160 Country

If a student is selected at random from this group, what is the probability

of choosing a student who likes

I) country music?
E) rock music only?
V) pop and country music?
U) pop or rock music?
R) rock but not country?
G) pop or rock or country music?
L) pop and rock and country music?

17
 WHAT I HAVE LEARNED
Let us summarize what we have learned in our discussion.

Activity 8. Fill in the blanks with words that will best complete the
statements given below. Choose your answer from the answer box below

 1 are set of repeated activities which have well-defined

results and 2 are the possible results of these activities.

 3 is the set of all possible outcomes of an experiment and

any of its subset is called a/an 4 .

 In an experiment with equally probable outcome, to determine the

n( E )
probability of an event E, you can use the formula P( E )  , where
n( S )
n(E) is the number of 5 outcomes and n(S) is the number
of 6 outcomes.

 If P(E) = 0, then E is a/an 7 event, and if P(E) = 1, then E

is a/an 8 event.

 The 9 of two events is the set of all outcomes that are in

at least one of the event while the 10 of two events is the
set of all outcomes that are in both events.

Answer Box

Probability Intersection Impossible Outcome

Certain Experiment Cardinality Possible

Event Favorable Union Sample Space

Reflect!

1. I’m doing well with __________________________________________________.

2. I still need help with_________________________________________________.
3. I commonly made mistake in ________________________________________.

18
 WHAT I CAN DO
Let us solve more problems on compound probability!

Activity 9. Solve the following problems:

1) Out of the 45 books in the bookshelves, 18 are mathematics books, 10
are science books, 9 are history books and 8 are story books. If you
pick one book at random, what is the probability that it will be a science
or mathematics book?
2) In a particular class, 78% of the students have a smartphone, 38% have
a smartphone and a tablet, and 3 % have neither a smartphone nor a
tablet. Find the probability that a randomly selected student has a
a) tablet?
b) tablet or a smartphone?
c) smartphone but does not have a tablet?
3) In a junior high school completing class of 510 students, 110 are on
the Science, Technology and Engineering (STE) Program. Of these, 78
of the STE Program students and 112 of the non-STE program students
will take STEM as their senior high school track. A student is selected
from the class, what is the probability that the person chosen is
a) taking STEM as their senior high school track?
b) not taking STEM and on the Science, Technology and
Engineering Program?
c) taking STEM or on the Science, Technology and Engineering
Program?
4) A sample survey of the talents of some grade 10 students is given in the
following table.
Dancing Singing Total
Male 28 24
Female 32 26
Total

If a student is selected at random from this group, what is the

probability that the student selected is a
a) male?
b) female whose talent is singing?
c) student whose talent is dancing?
d) male whose talent is singing?

19
 ASSESSMENT
Let us determine how much you have learned from this module.

DIRECTION: Read and analyze each item carefully. Choose the

correct answer and write only the letter of your answer on your answer
sheet.

1) If A = {2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16} and B = {3, 6, 9, 12, 15}, find n(A ∪ B).
A) 0 B) 2 C) 8 D) 11

2) Which of the following is a true statement?

A) The closer a probability is to 0, the more likely it is to happen.
B) The probability that an event will happen is value from 0 to 1.
C) In an experiment with outcome that are equally likely to happen, the
probability of an event is a ratio that compares the number of
favorable outcomes to the number of not favorable outcomes.
D) The probability of a certain event is 0.

3) Which of the following does NOT illustrate compound events?

A) Rolling a 4 or an even number in standard die.
B) Choosing a female and a grade 10 student.
C) Tossing a head in a coin.
D) Picking a blue or a pink dress in the closet.

4) How many possible outcomes are there in an experiment of tossing a coin

and rolling a die?
A) 3 B) 6 C) 8 D) 12

5) There are 22 apples and 24 oranges in a basket. If a fruit is picked at

random, what is the probability of picking an apple?
12 11 11 6
A) B) C) D)
23 23 22 11

6) Find the probability of getting at least 2 heads when tossing a coin thrice?
1 2 1 1
A) B) C) D)
2 3 5 4

For items #7 & 8. In an experiment of tossing a six – sided die, let A be the
event of rolling a factor of 4 and B be the event of rolling an even number.

7) What is A ∩ B?
A) {1, 2, 4} B) {2, 4, 6} C) {2,4} D) {1, 2, 4, 6}

20
 8) What is the cardinality of A ∪ B?
A) 4 B) 3 C) 2 D) 1

9) A box contains 8 black marbles, 12 white marbles, and 5 yellow marbles.

If a marble is drawn at random, what is the probability of getting a black
or a white marble?
17 12 13 4
A) B) C) D)
25 25 25 5

10) Find the probability that if a letter is chosen at random, a letter M or E

will be selected from the word “MATHEMATICS”
3 4 5 6
A) B) C) D)
11 11 11 11

11) A die is rolled. What is the probability of getting a result which is an

odd number and a factor of 6?
1 1 2 1
A) B) C) D)
2 3 3 6

12) Two fair dice numbered 1 to 6 are rolled. What is the probability of
getting a sum that is greater than 6 but less than 9?
5 2 7 11
A) B) C) D)
18 3 18 36

For items #13 & 14. From a survey of habits, 52% of students interviewed
said that they surf the internet, 28% read pocketbooks, and 15% surf the
internet and read pocketbooks. If a student is chosen from those interviewed,
find the probability that this student

13) surf the internet or read pocketbooks.

A) 80% B) 67% C) 65% D) 15%

14) does NOT surf the internet nor read pocketbooks.

A) 15% B) 35% C) 65% D) 85%

15) In a graduating class of 100 students, 65 will study mathematics, 70

will study physics, and 40 will study both mathematics and physics. If
one of these students is selected at random, find the probability that
the student will study physics but NOT mathematics.
3 9 1 1
A) B) C) D)
10 20 20 4

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 ADDITIONAL ACTIVITY
This time, let’s have more challenging problems to solve!

Activity 10. Answer the following problems:

1) An experiment involves tossing a die and then flipping a coin once if the
number of the die is even. twice if the number on the die is odd. Let A
be the event that the result of the die is a number less than 3 occurs;
let B be the event that 2 tails occur.

a) List the elements of the sample space, S.

b) List the elements of event A.

c) List the elements of event B.

d) What is the probability of A ∪ B?

e) What is the probability of A ∩ B?

2) Of the 300 grade 10 students of a certain high school, 120 joined

Mathematics club, 115 joined Science club and 100 joined English club.
Furthermore, 55 joined Mathematics and Science club, 50 joined
Mathematics and English club and 40 joined Science and English club.
Finally, 80 students did not join any of these clubs. If a student is
selected from this group, find the probability that the chosen student
joined

a) all the three clubs.

b) Mathematics or the English club.

c) any of the three clubs.

d) Science club only.

e) Mathematics and Science club but not English club.

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 ANSWER KEY

What I Know
1) B 4) C 7) B 10) B 13) B
2) A 5) A 8) C 11) D 14) C
3) A 6) D 9) A 12) C 15) D

Activity 1
a) A = {Philippines, Thailand, Singapore, f) n(F) = 7
Malaysia, Cambodia, Vietnam, Laos g) G ∪ H = {6, 12, 15, 18, 21, 24, 27, 30, 36}
Timor Leste, Myanmar, Brunei, Indonesia} h) G ∩ H = {12, 18, 24}
1
b) B = {April, June, September, November } i) P(rose) =
5
3
c) C = {1, 3, 5, 7, 9} j) P(daisy) =
10
4
d) n(D) = 9 k) P(female) =
7
3
e) n(E) = 1 l) P(male) =
7

Activity 2
1) Outcomes: Rolling a one, a two, a three, a four, a five and a six.
Sample Space: {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}
Event: Rolling an even number, rolling an odd number, etc.
2) Outcomes: Selecting A & B, B & C, C & D, D & E, E &A, B & D, B & E, C & E, A & C,
D&A
Sample Space: {AB, BC, CD, DE, AE, BD, BE, CE, AC, DA}
Event: A must be one of the two. C must not be selected, etc.
Activity 3
1) S 2) S 3) C 4) S 5) C 6) C
Activity 4
1) S = {BBB, BBG, BGB, BGG, GGG, GGB, GBG, GBB} 2) S = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8}
M = {BGG, GGB, GBG} M = {1, 3, 5, 7}
N = {BBG, BGB, BGG, GGB, GBG, GBB} N = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}
M ∪ N = {BBG, BGB, BGG, GGB, GBG, GBB} M ∪ N = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7}
M ∩ N = {BGG, GGB, GBG} M ∩ N = {1, 3, 5}

Activity 5 Activity 6 Activity 7

41
a) b) 𝑃(𝑀 ∪ 𝑆) =
OBELUS M S 50
VIRGULE
45 75 85 c) 𝑃(𝑛𝑜𝑡 𝑀 ∪ 𝑆) =
9
50
45

Activity 8
1) Experiment 3) Sample space 5) favorable 7) impossible 9) union
2) outcomes 4) event 6) possible 8) certain 10) intersection

Activity 9 Activity 10
28 1) a) 𝑆 = {2𝐻, 2𝑇, 4𝐻, 4𝑇, 6𝐻, 6𝑇, 1𝐻𝐻, 1𝐻𝑇, 1𝑇𝐻, 1𝑇𝑇,
1)
45
3𝐻𝐻, 3𝐻𝑇, 3𝑇𝐻, 3𝑇𝑇, 5𝐻𝐻, 5𝐻𝑇, 5𝑇𝐻, 5𝑇𝑇}
2) a) 57% b) 97% c) 40%
b) 𝐴 = {1𝐻𝐻, 1𝐻𝑇, 1𝑇𝐻, 1𝑇𝑇, 2𝐻, 2𝑇}
19 16 37
3) a) b) c) c) 𝐵 = {1𝑇𝑇, 3𝑇𝑇, 5𝑇𝑇}
51 255 85 4 1
d) 𝑃(𝐴 ∪ 𝐵) = e) 𝑃(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵) =
26 13 6 12 9 18
4) a) b) c) d)
55 55 11 55 1 17 11 1 1
2) a) b) c) d) e)
10 30 15 6 12

Assessment
1) D 4) D 7) C 10) A 13) C
2) B 5) B 8) A 11) B 14) B
3) C 6) A 9) D 12) D 15) A

23
REFERENCES:
Beecher, Judith A. (2007). Algebra and Trigonometry. Addison Wesley

Larson, R. (2011). Precalculus with Limits. Belmont, CA: Brooks/Cole,

Cengage Learning

n.a (2020). “Compound Events”. In SlideShare. Retrieved from

https://www.slideshare.net

n.a (2020). “Probability of Simple, Compound, and Complementary events”.

Study.com. Retrieved from https://study.com

Pierce, Rod. (2020). "Introduction to Sets ". Math Is Fun. Retrieved from
http://www.mathsisfun.com/

Stover, Christopher and Weisstein, Eric W. (2020). "Set". MathWorld--A

Wolfram. Retrieved from https://mathworld.wolfram.com/Set.html

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