CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

A. History

Inquiry-based learning is primarily a pedagogical method, developed during

the discovery learning movement of the 1960s as a response to traditional forms
of instruction—where people were required to memorize information from
instructional materials, such as direct instruction and rote learning. The
philosophy of inquiry based learning finds its antecedents in constructivist
learning theories, such as the work of Piaget, Dewey, Vygotsky, and Freire among
others, and can be considered a constructivist philosophy. Generating information
and making meaning of it based on personal or societal experience is referred to
as constructivism. Dewey's experiential learning pedagogy (that is, learning
through experiences) comprises the learner actively participating in personal or
authentic experiences to make meaning from it. Inquiry can be conducted through
experiential learning because inquiry values the same concepts, which include
engaging with the content/material in questioning, as well as investigating and
collaborating to make meaning. Vygotsky approached constructivism as learning
from an experience that is influenced by society and the facilitator. The meaning
constructed from an experience can be concluded as an individual or within a
group.

As social beings we cannot escape from what is called communicating. Humans

communicate to meet their life needs. For this reason, a language is needed so that
one another can describe their desires and attitudes and convey them both
verbally, in writing and in gestures. The term language is certainly not a new thing
for us. The language itself has existed since ancient times where they used
symbols, images, and gestures. Language that developed in ancient times is not as
diverse as it is today. In ancient times, when they were in a dangerous situation or
found something valuable, then they would shout as loud as possible to preach the
people around him. In this world many languages are the main tools for
communication. Apart from that, of course there is an international language that
connects one country to another in order to create a real cooperation in order to
spread security and peace. The international language is English. The language
used to communicate between countries that are from one country to another. In
addition to having the main function as a vehicle for communication, language
also has a role as a tool of cultural expression that reflects the nation's speakers.
Language skills of a nation reflect the nation's culture manifested in the attitude of
the language itself. Language attitude based on language awareness will build a
sense of love, pride, and loyalty to language and nation. There are so many
rumors that the authors heard say that English was confirmed as an international
language because the British colonized many areas in the world in ancient times.
And for the sake of clarity of these rumors, the author is interested in studying the
history of English itself and how it can become an international language as it is
today.

There are several factors that have caused English to be confirmed as an

international language:

First, English is the oldest language in the world originating from mainland
Britain around 1,500 years ago.

Second, the development of language vocabulary is very rapid.

Third, the UK is a developed country. This can be seen from the innovation and
dissemination of knowledge that is widely disseminated from western countries.

Fourth, Britain is the country that has the most colonies, there are 94 former
British colonies.

Fifth, the emergence of the United States as a superpower in the 20th century has
increasingly confirmed English as an international language.

Sixth, the era of globalization and the advancement of technology.

CHAPTER II
DISCUSSION

1. Definition of Inquiry Based Learning

Trowbridge & Bybee (1986) said ”Inquiry Based Learningis the process of
defining and investigating problems, formulating hypotheses, designing
experiments, gathering data, and drawing conculations about problem.”
Inquiry-based learning (also enquiry-based learning in British English is a
form of active learning that starts by posing questions, problems or scenarios.
It contrasts with traditional education, which generally relies on the teacher
presenting facts and his or her knowledge about the subject. Inquiry-based
Learning is often assisted by a facilitator rather than a lecturer. Inquirers will
identify and research issues and questions to develop knowledge or solutions.
Inquiry-based learning includes problem-based learning, and is generally
used in small scale investigations and projects, as well as research. inquiry-
based learning focuses on investigating an open question or problem. They
must use evidence-based reasoning and creative problem-solving to reach a
conclusion, which they must defend or present.
2. Advantages and Disadvantages of Inquiry Based Learning
A. Advantages of Inquiry Based Learning
a. Flexible and adaptable for a variety of projects.
b. Helps to build self-esteem through allowing them to be
more active in their own learning process, rather than
passive via traditional lecture based methods.
c. Reinforces and builds several skills of students in the areas
of physical, emotional, and cognitive
 d. It can work with any age group.
B. Disadvantages of Inquiry based Learning
a. Doesn’t work for all science topics.
b. Requires more planning, preparation, and responsiveness
from the educators.
c. Educators must be skilled in helping students learn the art
of asking a good question.
d. Requires more class time
e. May be less able to meet goals of standardized testing.
3. Characteristic of inquiry based learning
a. Inquiry learning emphasizes constructivist ideas of learning.
Knowledge is builtin a step wise fashion. Learning proceeds best in
group situations.
b. The teacher does not begin with a statement, but with a question.
Posing teaching question for students to solve is a more effective
method of instruction in many areas. This allows the students to
search for information and learn on their own with the teacher’s
guidance
c. The topic, problem to be studied, and methods used to answer this
problem are determined by the student and not be.
d. The above comments represent a classroom that is fully committed
to inquiry, to the greatest extent possible. However, it is not
necessary to take an all-or-nothing approach to inquiry based
methods.
4. Procedure of Inquiry Based Learning
a. Orientation
In this step the teacher conditions students ready to carry out the
learning process. The teacher stimulates and invites students to
think solving problems.
b. Formulating Problems
 Formulating a problem is a step to bring students to a problem that
contain puzzles. The problem presented is the problem which
challenges students to think about solving the puzzle.
c. Formulate a hypothesis
The hypothesis is a temporary answer to a problem that is currently
studied and and has a foundation strong thinking, so that the
hypothesis raised is rational and logical.
d. Collecting data
Collecting data is an activity to capture the information needed to
test the proposed hypothesis. This requires perseverance and ability
to use his/her thinking potential.
e. Test the hypothesis
Testing a hypothesis is determining the answer that is considered
acceptable. In accordance with the data or information obtained
based on data collection.
5. Teaching Material of Inquiry Based Learning
a. Learning material : To Arrange the puzzle game
b. Learning Objective : Junior High School Grade 8
c. Teaching Technique : Inquiry Based Learning
d. Teaching And Learning Activities : first, the students asked by
teacher to download sliding puzzle games in playstore then the
teacher ask students to finish the game.
Step by step to use the sliding puzzle games
1. First, you can open your android and klik palystore and
type in box searching sliding puzzle games and you will see
like this
2. After you login, you will see the option or categories and
after this you klik or choose the image what you want.
 3. And after you click you can play the game to finish the
picture in the game like this.

6. Definition of English as a Lingua Franca

Lingua franca (Latin which means "Frankish language") is a linguistic

term which means "language of instruction" or "language of association"
in a place where there are speakers of different languages. Ayatrohaedi
translated this term with the term basantara, from the words "base" or
"language" and "between".
An example is English on the international stage.

English as a lingua franca (ELF) is the use of the English language as "a

common means of communication for speakers of different first languages. ELF is
also "defined functionally by its use in intercultural communication rather than
formally by its reference to native-speaker norms". whereas English as a foreign
language aims at meeting native speaker norms and gives prominence to native
speaker cultural aspects. While lingua francas have been used for centuries, what
makes ELF a novel phenomenon is the extent to which it is used – both
functionally and geographically. A typical ELF conversation might involve an
Italian and a Swede chatting at a coffee break of an international conference held
in Brussels or a Spanish tourist asking a local for the way in Berlin.

7. Advantages and Disadvantages of English as a Lingua Franca

A. Advantages of English as a Lingua Franca
a. Increase the work potential that we have
b. Make it easier to communicate between people with different
native languages
c. As a means to introduce national culture
d. Make it easier to adapt to the environment
e. the increasing significance of the global information and
communication networks are clearly facilitated by the use of
a lingua franca (or some linguae francae?).
8. Characteristics of English as a Lingua Franca
a. One distinct characteristic of a lingua franca is that the lingua franca is
neither defined by its linguistic history nor its linguistic structure but
by its functionality.
b. A lingua Franca is not confined within the geographical, cultural or
linguist boundaries of the communities who identify as native speakers
of the language, unlike a vernacular language which is limited within
the linguist boundaries of the community using it as a native language. 
c. All lingua franca are used as a linguistic bridge linking different
cultures, civilizations, and religions which otherwise would never have
been linked.
9. Procedure of English as a Lingua Franca
 This learning method is a method that can be use to teach English for
Junior High School level. As the name suggest Express Lingual. Is away
of learning English in the aspect of pronounciation, in a fun and relaxed
way. The step for implementation are:
a. The teacher invites student to stand from their respective benches.
b. The teacher then determines which side he will start the game in. The
student can sit on the right end of the back, the left end of the back, the
right front end, or the front left end.
c. The teacher will point to the first four directions of the game randomly
while saying the first word in English, for example a university and the
teacher will point to the right front end, then the designated child will
pronounce the word, and point to another student without telling the
correct pronunciation the word. So next until so on.
d.
10. Teaching Material of English as a Lingua Franca
a. Learning material : Teach how to pronounce words in English, so that they
are easily understood by the other person using EXPRESS LINGUA APP
b. Learning Objective : Junior High School Grade 8
c. Teaching Technique : English as a Lingua Franca
d. Teaching And Learning Activities :
Teacher invite the students to open their phone and search a Express
Lingua Application in playstore and then asked them to download it till
finish downloaded.
- After that open the application, and you will like this.
- you must fill all of the instruction like user ID, Email, Password, Phone.
And after you fill it click create Account. After you click create Account,
you will see the second pages it has user ID and Password and you must
fill it suitable like you fill before in the first pages and than klik login
- after you login, you will see the home screen, and you will see like this

- and now you must click number 1 learn English story. And after you
click it you will see the next page like this. And in this page you can’t
open the episode 2 before you finish episode 1
-
CHAPTER III

CONCLUSION

It is concluded that inquiry is a process that students take to solve problems, plan
experiments, conduct experiments, collect and analyze data, and draw
conclusions. So, in this inquiry model students are involved both mentally and
physically to solve a problem given by the teacher. Thus, students will be
accustomed to behaving like science scientists, namely thorough, diligent /
tenacious, objective / honest, creative, and respect the opinions of others.
The inquiry learning strategy has several characteristics that can be understood,
including:
a. Inquiry strategies emphasize student activity to the maximum to find and
find.
b. activities carried out by students are directed to find and find their own
answers from something that is questionable, so that it is expected to foster
an attitude of confidence (self belief) ..
c. The purpose of using inquiry learning strategies is to develop the ability to
think systematically, logically, and critically, or develop intellectual
abilities as part of mental processes.

It turned out that it was true that English could be an international language
supported by the factors of the former British colonies in the past. Just imagine,
94 colonies!
In this world we have 196 countries. That means that almost half the countries in
this world are former British colonies. Even unexpectedly the United States, the
5th most developed country in the world is also a former British colony. This
certainly reinforces the position of English as Lingua Franca. And it needs to be
remembered, the times keep on going and growing. For that we need special
preparation such as improving our language skills so that we can compete in the
international arena. This must be a pr for each individual to continue to learn and
improve their abilities in English language regardless of how the individual learns
because between each other has its own way to absorb new knowledge.

REFERENCES

Cystal, D. 2003, English as a Global Language (Second Edition)