This webinar brought to you by the Relion® product family

Advanced protection and control IEDs from ABB

Relion. Thinking beyond the box.

Designed to seamlessly consolidate functions, Relion relays are
smarter, more flexible and more adaptable. Easy to integrate and
with an extensive function library, the Relion family of protection
and control delivers advanced functionality and improved
performance.
ABB Protective Relay School Webinar Series
Disclaimer
ABB is pleased to provide you with technical information regarding
protective relays. The material included is not intended to be a complete
presentation of all potential problems and solutions related to this topic.
The content is generic and may not be applicable for circumstances or
equipment at any specific facility. By participating in ABB's web-based
Protective Relay School, you agree that ABB is providing this information
to you on an informational basis only and makes no warranties,
representations or guarantees as to the efficacy or commercial utility of
the information for any specific application or purpose, and ABB is not
responsible for any action taken in reliance on the information contained
herein. ABB consultants and service representatives are available to
study specific operations and make recommendations on improving
safety, efficiency and profitability. Contact an ABB sales representative
for further information.
ABB Protective Relay School Webinar Series

Realizing the digital substation: Introduction to

the process bus (IEC 61850-9-2)
David Hart & Jose Ruiz
August 13, 2013
 Presenter

Dr. David G. Hart is Executive Director Automation Solutions

at ABB in Raleigh, NC. Dr. Hart is a native of Union, SC and
holds a Ph.D. in Electrical Engineering and a MS in Electrical
Engineering from Clemson University, in Clemson, SC.
In 1992, Dr. Hart joined what was then ABB Transmission
Technology Institute where he held various engineering and
managerial positions. His initial areas of focus included
David G. Hart, Ph.D.
generator protection, transmission protection, and distribution
protection and control. His later position in ABB was working
on distribution and feeder automation. After moving to ABB
Meters (later Elster), he was the Senior Vice President of
Systems and Products, responsible for the Product
Management, Engineering, and Quality organizations.
Dr. Hart has numerous technical disclosures and patents in
smart metering, power system protection and control, and in
automation. Dr. Hart is a Senior Member of the IEEE.

©ABB Group
August 13, 2013 | Slide 4
Presenter
Jose L. Ruiz is with ABB Substation Automation
Products group, North America. He joined ABB as a
post graduate student.
During his graduate study, he learned and tested IEC
61850 with different vendor relays. In his current role
with ABB, Jose shares his expertise in IEC 61850
with customers in the power industry in trainings,
Jose Ruiz
projects, and providing technical support.
Jose received his M.S. degree in Electrical
Engineering from the University of Tennessee at
Chattanooga in 2012 and is a member of the IEEE
PES.

©ABB Group
August 13, 2013 | Slide 5
Learning objectives

 Brief introduction to IEC 61850

 IEC 61850 Process Bus
 UCA Implementation Guidelines
 System Architecture
 Project example

©ABB Group
August 13, 2013 | Slide 6
SA System Architecture - RTU / Hardwired

• IEDs do not have communication

capability
• Status monitoring and control via RTU
hardwired connections
• Significant amount of connections /
documentation

© ABB Group
August 13, 2013 | Slide 7
SA System Architecture - DNP / Modbus

• Integration of status monitoring into IEDs

• Reduction/elimination of RTU cabinet
• Defined protocol stack
• Non standard modeling of substation
equipment and functions
• Non standard data format
• Integration requires intimate knowledge
of each device
• Protocol conversion may be necessary

© ABB Group
August 13, 2013 | Slide 8
IEC 61850 SA system
• Integration of status monitoring,
protection, automation, and control into
IEDs
• Digitization of copper wires
• 61850-8-1
• 61850-9-2
• Modeling of the substation, equipment
and functions
• Protocol stack
• Interoperability by standardization and
verification

© ABB Group
August 13, 2013 | Slide 9
IEC 61850 - Goal of the Standard
 Interoperability
 Exchange information between IED’s (Intelligent
Electronic Device) from several manufacturers
 IEDs use this information for their own function
 Free Configuration
 Free allocation of functions to devices
 Support any philosophy of customer – centralized or
decentralized systems
 Long Term Stability
 Future proof
 Follow progress in mainstream communication
technology
 Follow evolving system requirements needed by
customers

© ABB Group
August 13, 2013 | Slide 10
Introduction to process bus

 The process bus is i.e. a communication network at the

process level
 It is responsible for publishing the quantities related to the
process; i.e.
 Voltage
 Current
 IEC 61850 9-2 Defines the mapping of “Sampled Values”
over Ethernet
 “Sampled Values” are current and voltage samples
obtained from CTs and VTs
 IEC61850 9-2 define the communication protocol over
Ethernet that enables the publication of such samples for
the purposes of protection, monitoring, and metering

© ABB Group
August 13, 2013 | Slide 11
Introduction to process bus
IED
Conventional

21

87
…

IEC61850 MU
Process Bus
Multiple devices
can subscribe to
IED
the broadcasted
current and
voltage signals
21
Ethernet Switch

87
MU
…
© ABB Group
August 13, 2013 | Slide 12
Introduction to process bus
What is a merging unit
IEC 61850-9-2
Communication interface
Sync according to IEC 61850-9-2
Merging Unit
Merging and timely correlation
current and voltage values
from the three phases

Sampling or re-sampling of
current and voltage values

Technology specific interface

between NCIT/CIT and MU
IT IT IT Time synchronization
Phase 1 Phase 2 Phase 3 Synchronize IEDs or other
MUs when acting as time
master, if required
Receive time synchronization
when acting as time slave, if
required
© ABB Group
August 13, 2013 | Slide 13
Introduction to process bus

IEC 61850 station bus

Station level

Bay level

IEC 61850
process bus

Process level MU MU MU BIED

BIED SAMU

IT IT IT

Conventional Process bus to merging Process bus to merging

connections to CT/VT units for current and units for current,
and drives voltage sensors – voltage and binary
conventional and signals
non-conventional ITs
© ABB Group
August 13, 2013 | Slide 14
Introduction to process bus

 The process bus is a

communication network on
process level, and also
connecting the process to the
Bay level bay level

 IEC 61850-9-2 describes the

IEC 61850-9-2 transmission of sampled
process bus
analogue values over Ethernet

Process level MU MU
 IEC 61850 also allows
IT IT transmission of binary data on
process level (GOOSE, MMS)

© ABB Group
August 13, 2013 | Slide 15
Introduction to process bus
What is process bus for sampled analogue values

 Sampled analogue values

are transferred as multicast
messages and can be
Bay level
received by all IEDs on the
same network
 The receiving IEDs decide
whether to process the data
IEC 61850-9-2
process bus or not
 The transmission time of the
Process level messages on the network is
MU MU
not deterministic
IT IT
 A time reference is
required to align
samples from different
sources

© ABB Group
August 13, 2013 | Slide 16
Introduction to process bus
 IEC 61850 9-2 allows protection relays to operate based on digitized
current and voltage signals that are distributed on a communication
network in the form of Ethernet frames
 Voltage and current signals from different CTs and VTs are “published” on
the network and available to all devices that are connected to it
 Galvanic CT and VT inputs to the relays are no longer necessary
 Safety
 Wire reduction
 CT and VT signals are processed by the Merging Unit (MU), an intelligent
device that samples the current and voltage signals, creates their digital
IEC 61850 9-2 form, and publishes them on the network
 Allows integration of non-conventional Instrument Transformers (IT) for
improved performance
 e.g. Can use Rogowski technology for current sensing – output is
not at 1A or 5A - to avoid traditional CT saturation issues for
protection

© ABB Group
August 13, 2013 | Slide 17
Introduction to process bus
IEC 61850-9-2 standard and implementation guideline

 The standard: IEC 61850-9-2

 Communication networks and systems in substations
Part 9-2: Specific Communication Service Mapping
(SCSM) - Sampled values over ISO/IEC 8802-3
 The standard leaves wide room for implementation and
considerable effort is required for full implementation

 Implementation Guideline for Digital Interface to

Instrument Transformers using IEC 61850-9-2
 To facilitate implementation, the UCA International
Users Group created an implementation guideline
that defines a subset of IEC 61850-9-2.
 Commonly referred to as IEC 61850-9-2LE for “light
edition”

© ABB Group
August 13, 2013 | Slide 18
Introduction to process bus
Difference between IEC standard and implementation
guideline

Area Standard IEC 61850 Implementation guideline

(IEC 61850-9-2LE)
Sampling rate of Free parameter 80 samples per period for
analog values protection and metering
256 samples per period for
power quality
Content of dataset Configurable 3 phases current + neutral
current
3 phases voltage + neutral
voltage
Time synchronization Not defined Optical pulse per second
(1PPS)

Logical device Content and naming is Specified with rules for

“Merging Unit” not specified logical device name and
contained logical nodes

© ABB Group
August 13, 2013 | Slide 19
61850 9-2 Ethernet Frame

 Destination: multicast mac address

 Source: source mac address
 Vlan info (Priority tagged)
 Ethertype: 0x88BA
 Ethertype APPID: 0x4000
 Sampled Values Protocol Data Unit
(APDU)

© ABB Group
August 13, 2013 | Slide 20
61850 9-2 Ethernet Frame

 ASDU:
Application
Service Data Unit
 svID: Sampled
Values ID
 Each Ethernet
frame contains 1
sampled of Va,
Vb, Vc, Vn, Ia,
Ib,Ic,In
 For protection
applications the
transmission rate
is 80 frames per
cycle (4800 per
second)

© ABB Group
August 13, 2013 | Slide 21
61850 9-2 Ethernet Frame

© ABB Group
August 13, 2013 | Slide 22
Introduction to process bus
Time Synchronization

 Time synchronization is needed for IEDs to properly align

the current and voltage samples
 Pulse Per Second (PPS) is the defined source of time
synchronization in the current implementation guidelines
published by UCA
 The source must have an accuracy of +-1 micro second
 IEDs are given a small period of time to ride through any
transient loss of time synch. This is based on the
magnitude of the drift the IED’s clock has

© ABB Group
August 13, 2013 | Slide 23
61850 9-2 Sample Project

 Powerlink Queensland’s 275kV

substation is located next to
Brisbane in Australia
 The substation is supplying parts
of Brisbane and the tourist
region Gold Coast with electrical
energy
 With the Loganlea secondary
system upgrade ABB undertook
its first commercial NCIT
installation with
IEC 61850-9-2LE process bus
and protection and control IEDs
 The station has been completed
and handed over to the customer
in December 2011

IEC 61850-9-2LE stands for “Implementation Guideline for digital Interface to instrument
transformers using IEC 61850-9-2”. Defined by UCA International Users Group.

© ABB Group
August 13, 2013 | Slide 24
ABB’s solution
Process bus overview
REC670 REC670 The picture shows
Control Control
simplified one of
RED670
Main X
RET670
Main X
two fully redundant
A10-T1 A30-T2
protection systems
REB500 REB500
BFP BFP

A10-T2 A30-T1

A40-T1 A20-T2

REC670 REC670
Control Control
A40-T2 A20-T1
RET670 REL670
Main X Main X

REB500 REB500
BFP BFP

© ABB Group
August 13, 2013 | Slide 25
ABB’s solution
IEC 61850 compliant SA system

Station bus

Process
bus

© ABB Group
August 13, 2013 | Slide 26
ABB’s solution
670 series protection and control IEDs
 670 series high-end protection and
control IEDs with IEC 61850-9-2LE:
 Bay control IED REC670
 Line distance protection
REL670
 Line differential RED670
 Transformer protection RET670

 All IEDs can have a 1PPS input for

synchronized sampling

IEC 61850-9-2LE  All devices support mixed mode with

conventional CT and VT interfaces
eg, transformer low-voltage side for
transformer differential protection
 Line differential protection runs with
conventional and 9-2 remote-end
substations

© ABB Group
August 13, 2013 | Slide 27
ABB’s solution
REB500 busbar and breaker failure protection system
 REB500 decentralized busbar
protection system is fully compliant
with IEC 61850-9-2LE
 Busbar protection
 Breaker failure protection
 End-fault protection

 Seamless combination of bay units

with IEC 61850-9-2LE
and conventional bay units in one
IEC 61850-9-2LE system
 This allows flexible extension of
conventional substations

© ABB Group
August 13, 2013 | Slide 28
ABB’s solution
CP-MUP merging unit for protection and control
 The world’s first UCA-certified
merging unit
 IEC 61850-9-2LE-compliant
 Interfaces with ELK-CP14/
ELK-CP3 sensors of up to three
three-phase measuring points
 Reducing the number of
components in 1½ breaker
and double busbar
arrangements
 Multiple Ethernet ports bring high
flexibility to system design
 Reducing the need for
Ethernet switches in
protection circuits
The UCA International Users Group is a not-for-profit corporation focused on assisting users
and vendors in the deployment of standards for real-time applications for several industries
with related requirements.

© ABB Group
August 13, 2013 | Slide 29
ABB’s solution
ELK-CP sensors for metal-clad switchgear

ELK-CP14 The already installed sensors are early

versions of today's
Nominal values: ELK-CP sensor. That are…
100 … 4000A
175 … 300 kV/√3  Fully redundant, combined current and
voltage sensor with
Rogowski coils for current and capacitive
dividers for voltage
 Redundant secondary converter (sensor
electronics) can be replaced during
operation, no calibration necessary
ELK-CP3
 Configurable current ratings enable
Nominal values: future adaptation of CT ratios without the
100 … 4000A
330 … 550 kV/√3
need to replace CT cores or to open gas
compartments
 Covers metering, protection and control
accuracy in a single device

© ABB Group
August 13, 2013 | Slide 30
ABB’s solution
Connection from primary to secondary equipment

 Merging unit for protection CP-MUP

PPL* IEC61850-9-2LE
R  Merging and timely correlation of current and
voltage from the sensors

S  Supply values at IEC 61850-9-2LE interface

 Synchronization by optical pulse per second
T (PPS)

The CP-MUP consists of 4 logical merging units

R 3 logical MUs to merge and timely correlate the
current and voltage values from 3 times 3 phases
1 logical MU for summation of measured currents
S from the other 3 logical MUs
R
T
S
5 optical Ethernet ports for IEC61850-9-2LE
T
*PPL: Point to Point link, one fiber for U and I per sensor phase

©ABB Group
August 13, 2013 | Slide 31
ABB’s solution
Retrofit to conventional sensors
 Hybrid solution can use  Supporting the digital substation
conventional ITs and convert to architecture
digital process bus
Remote
 Utilize IEC 61850-9-2LE control

with 80 samples/cycle for

protection and operational
metering IEC 61850
station bus

IEC 61850
process bus

©ABB Group
August 13, 2013 l Slide 32
ABB’s solution
Retrofit to conventional sensors

control house

Low level signals in

the control house

Analog Signal Digital Signal

SAM600-CT

©ABB Group
August 13, 2013 | Slide 33
ABB’s solution
Fully redundant and independent system design

System 1 System 2
Protection Metering Metering Protection and control

IEC 61850-9-2LE IEC 61850-9-2LE

PPL PPL

Metering is not
installed at Loganlea

System 1 System 2
© ABB Group
August 13, 2013 | Slide 34
ABB’s solution
Highly available process bus without Ethernet switches

Extract of the applied concept:  Highest availability of the

process bus system was
REC670 achieved by
CP-MUP Control
1 C01-A10
Main 1
2  Building two fully
RED670
PDIF independent process
C01-A10 Main 1
bus and protection
REB500
1 PDIF, RBRF systems from NCIT to
2 Main 1 protection IEDs
RED670
1 PDIF  Minimizing number of
Main 2
2 components without
REB500
C01-A30 CP-MUP RBRF using Ethernet switches
Main 2 Main 2

1
 Refraining from
2 common devices across
feeders and the
Control and redundant line and redundant protection
busbar/breaker failure protection system

© ABB Group
August 13, 2013 | Slide 35
ABB’s solution
Protection concept – Line 1 (PDIF)
Line 1
Control A10-Q0
REC670
RSYN V: A10-T2 MU
CSWI
…
V: A10-T1

Protection Line 1
RED670 I: remote end
A10-Q0
PDIF I: A10-T2
…
I: A30-T1

BFP A10-Q0
REB500
RBRF I: A10-T1
…

Overview of main control and protection

functions and the values used
Because all IEDs receive I and U, most of
them perform also other protection as well
as measurement functions

© ABB Group
August 13, 2013 | Slide 36
ABB’s solution
Protection concept – Line 2 (PDIS)
Overview of main control and protection
functions and the values used
Because all IEDs receive I and U, most of
them perform also other protection as well
as measurement functions

Control A20-Q0
REC670
RSYN V: A20-T1
CSWI
…
V: A20-T2

Protection Line 2 MU
REL670 A20-Q0
PDIS V: A20-T1
…
I: A20-T2
I: A40-T1

BFP A20-Q0
REB500
RBRF I: A20-T1
…
Line 2

© ABB Group
AugustGroup
©ABB 13, 2013 | Slide 37
ABB’s solution
Protection concept – Transformer 2
Overview of main control and protection
functions and the values used
Because all IEDs receive I and V, most of
them perform also other protection as well
as measurement functions

Control A40-Q0 Transf 2

REC670
RSYN V: A40-T1
CSWI
V: A40-T2
…

Protection Tr. 2 MU
I: conv. A40-Q0
RET670
PDIF
…
I: A10-T1
I: A40-T2

BFP A40-Q0
REB500
RBRF I: A40-T1
…

© ABB Group
August 13, 2013 | Slide 38
Testing and maintenance
Impact on protection and control testing
“Wiring” test
 Done automatically through self-
Protection Control supervision features of NCITs, MUs
and IEDs
Protection and control testing
IEC 61850-9-2 LE
 “Non-conventional” secondary
injection
 Simulation of IEC 61850-9-2
9-2 LE LE traffic instead of secondary
MU
simulator injection
 Test modes to simulate V/I, by
 NCIT
NCIT
 Merging unit
 Primary injection
Primary  Primary injection for stability
injection and directional tests

© ABB Group
August 13, 2013 | Slide 39
Testing and maintenance
Tool support
Software replaces multimeter
 Intelligent software for the collection,
display and evaluation of sampled value
streams
 Oscilloscope display of V/I values
 Phasor diagram
 Quality information of all values
 Built-in diagnostic functions in sensors,
merging units and IEDs for supervision of:
 Device health status
 Connections
 Time synchronization
 Quality of samples and telegrams

© ABB Group
August 13, 2013 | Slide 40
Benefits against conventional technology
Process bus
Increased operational safety
 Handling of CT and VT circuits is
obsolete
 Isolation from process
Reduced life cycle costs
 Permanent real-time system
supervision increases system
availability by increasing
maintenance cycles and reducing
outage times
Reduced copper cabling
 By replacing parallel copper wires
with optical process bus
Future-proof interoperable design
 By applying the established IEC
61850 standard

© ABB Group
August 13, 2013 | Slide 41
This webinar brought to you by the Relion® product family
Advanced protection and control IEDs from ABB
Relion. Thinking beyond the box.
Designed to seamlessly consolidate functions, Relion relays are
smarter, more flexible and more adaptable. Easy to integrate and
with an extensive function library, the Relion family of protection
and control delivers advanced functionality and improved
performance.
 Thank you for your participation
Shortly, you will receive a link to an archive of this presentation.
To view a schedule of remaining webinars in this series, or for more
information on ABB’s protection and control solutions, visit:
www.abb.com/relion
ABB Protective Relay School Webinar Series
Disclaimer
ABB is pleased to provide you with technical information regarding
protective relays. The material included is not intended to be a complete
presentation of all potential problems and solutions related to this topic.
The content is generic and may not be applicable for circumstances or
equipment at any specific facility. By participating in ABB's web-based
Protective Relay School, you agree that ABB is providing this information
to you on an informational basis only and makes no warranties,
representations or guarantees as to the efficacy or commercial utility of
the information for any specific application or purpose, and ABB is not
responsible for any action taken in reliance on the information contained
herein. ABB consultants and service representatives are available to
study specific operations and make recommendations on improving
safety, efficiency and profitability. Contact an ABB sales representative
for further information.