ICAO,FAA,CAA

approach to airworthiness
ICAO
Handouts
What is the role of ICAO in regards to airworthiness?
Annex19 Safety Management systems
 Annex 8 – Airworthiness of Aircraft

Developed by ICAO, the International Standards and Recommended Practices (SARPS) contained in the
nineteen Technical Annexes to the Convention on International Civil Aviation (also called Chicago
Convention) are applied universally and produce a high degree of technical uniformity which has
enabled international civil aviation to develop in a safe, orderly and efficient manner.

Airworthiness is the measure of an aircraft's suitability for safe flight. Certification of airworthiness is
initially conferred by a Type certificate and then by a certificate of airworthiness from a national
aviation authority of the design organization. Then the certificate of airworthiness is maintained by
performing the required maintenance actions. The application of airworthiness defines the condition
of an aircraft and supplies the basis for judgment of the suitability for flight of that aircraft, in that it
has been designed with engineering rigor, constructed, maintained and is expected to be operated to
approved standards and limitations, by competent and approved individuals, who are acting as
members of an approved organization and whose work is both certified as correct and accepted on
behalf of the State. The airworthiness of aircraft ranges thus from the initial approval of a new aircraft
design to ensuring an aircraft’s on-going safety standards.
The purpose of Annex 8 – Airworthiness of Aircraft is to specify broad standards which define, for
application by the national airworthiness authorities, the minimum basis for the recognition by States
of Certificates of Airworthiness for the purpose of flight of aircraft of other States into and over their
territories, thereby achieving, among other things, protection of other aircraft, third parties and
property.
JAA- Joint Aviation Authorities (JAA)
• The JAA started as Joint Airworthiness Authorities in 1970. Original objectives were only to produce
common certification codes for large aeroplanes and for engines in order to meet the needs of
European industry and international consortia (e.g., Airbus ). After 1987 its work was extended to
operations, maintenance, licensing and certification/design standards for all classes of aircraft.
• The adoption of the Regulation (EC) No 1592/2002 by the European Parliament and the Council of
the European union (EU) and the subsequent establishment of the EASA created a Europe-wide
regulatory authority which has absorbed most functions of the JAA (in the EASA Members states).
With the introduction of the EASA some non-EU members of the JAA became non-voting members
of the EASA, while others were completely excluded from the legislative and executive
process. Among the functions transferred is safety and environmental type-certification of aircraft,
engines and parts and approval. Additional responsibilities have been subsequently added over time.
• In 2009, JAA was disbanded. Only the training organisation, JAA-TO, remains.
• The Joint Aviation Authorities (JAA) was an associated body of the EASA representing the civil
aviation regulatory authorities of a number of European States who had agreed to co-operate in
developing and implementing common safety regulatory standards and procedures. It was not a
regulatory body, regulation being achieved through the member authorities. It was in existence from
1970 until disbanded in 2009.
 EASA

The European Union Aviation Safety Agency or EASA is an agency of the European
Union (EU) with responsibility for civil aviation safety. It carries out certification,
regulation, and standardisation, and also performs investigation and monitoring. It
collects and analyses safety data, drafts and advises on safety legislation, and
coordinates with similar organisations in other parts of the world. The idea of a
European-level aviation safety authority goes back to 1996, but the agency was
not legally established until 2002. It began its work in 2003.
• Based in Cologne , Germany, the agency was
created on 15 July 2002, and reached full
functionality in 2008,taking over functions of
the Joint Aviation Authorities.
• The responsibilities of the agency include the
analysis and research of safety parameters,
authorizing foreign operators, and advising
the European Commission on the drafting of
EU legislation.
• It also implements and monitors safety rules
(including inspections in the member states),
gives type certification of aircraft and
components, and approves organisations
involved in the design, manufacture and
maintenance of aeronautical products.
EASA has jurisdiction over new type certificates and other design-related airworthiness approvals for
aircraft, engines, propellers, and parts. EASA works with the national aviation authorities (NAAs) of the
EU members but has taken over many of their functions in the interest of aviation standardisation
across the EU and non-EU member Turkey. EASA is also responsible for assisting the European
Commission in negotiating international harmonisation agreements with the "rest of the world" on
behalf of the EU member states and also concludes technical agreements at a working level directly
with its counterparts around the world such as the US Federal Aviation Administration (FAA). EASA also
sets policy for aeronautical repair stations (Part 145 organisations in Europe and the US and issues
repair station certificates for repair stations located outside the EU (which permits foreign repair
stations to perform work acceptable to the European Union on EU aircraft). EASA has developed
regulations for air operations, flight crew licensing and non-EU aircraft used in the EU;
On 28 September 2003, the agency took over responsibility for the
airworthiness and environmental certification of all aeronautical
products, parts, and appliances designed, manufactured, maintained or
used by persons under the regulatory oversight of EU Member States.
Certain categories of aeroplanes are however deliberately left outside
EASA responsibility, thus remaining under control of the national CAAs:
ultralights, experimentals, and balloons are a few examples.
FAA

• The Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) is a governmental body of the

United States with powers to regulate all aspects of civil aviation in that nation
as well as over its surrounding international waters. Its powers include the
construction and operation of airports, air traffic management , the
certification of personnel and aircraft, and the protection of U.S. assets during
the launch or re-entry of commercial space vehicles. Powers over neighboring
international waters were delegated to the FAA by authority of the ICAO .
• Created in August 1958, the FAA replaced the former Civil Aeronautics
Administration (CAA) and later became an agency within the U.S Department
of Transportation.
The FAA's roles include:

• Regulating U.S. commercial space transportation

• Regulating air navigation facilities' geometric and flight inspection standards
• Encouraging and developing civil aeronautics, including new aviation technology
• Issuing, suspending, or revoking pilot certificates
• Regulating civil aviation to promote transportation safety in the United States,
especially through local offices called Flight Standards District Offices
• Developing and operating a system of air traffic control and navigation for both
civil and military aircraft
• Researching and developing the National Airspace System and civil aeronautics
• Developing and carrying out programs to control aircraft noise and other
environmental effects of civil aviation
UK CAA

The Civil Aviation Authority is the statutory corporation which

oversees and regulates all aspects of civil aviation in the
United Kingdom. Its areas of responsibility include:
Supervising the issuing of pilots' licences, testing of
equipment, calibrating of navaids, and many other
inspections.
 GCAA

• The General Civil Aviation Authority (GCAA) in the United Arab

Emirates (UAE) was established in 1996 by Federal Cabinet Decree (Law 4) to
regulate Civil Aviation and provide designated aviation services with emphasis
on safety and security and to strengthen the aviation industry within the UAE
and its upper airspace. The main office is located in Abu Dhabi and the
regional office is located in Dubai to serve the northern Emirates. The GCAA,
which is the sole authority for the control and regulation of civil aviation in the
UAE, is responsible for the provision of en-route air navigation services and all
aspects of flight safety.
What is the role of the Civil Aviation
Authorities in regards to airworthiness?
 Reg.authority send information to their
operators about continuing airworthiness
Operator→ sends data to TC holder about
how the aircraft/ components perform

TC holder send
Regulatory authority where the aircraft
information about is registered sends information about
the continuing the continuing airworthiness of the
airworthiness of Operator→ sends data products: AD, maintenance practices,
the products: SB, to TC holder about additional instructions
maintenance how the aircraft/
practices, components perform Manufacturer/design org send
additional information about maintenance,
instructions component failures

Manufacturer/design org send information about maintenance,

component failures, Maintenance programs to be approved, MMEL
to inform the regulatory authority that gives them their TC
• https://www.faa.gov/aircraft/air_cert/airworthiness_certification/aw
_overview/
• http://www.caa.co.uk/default.aspx?catid=1407&pagetype=90
• https://www.caa.co.uk/General-aviation/Pilot-licences/Introduction-
to-licensing/What-is-an-EASA-aircraft-/
• https://www.caa.co.uk/General-aviation/Pilot-licences/Introduction-
to-licensing/What-is-a-non-EASA-aircraft-/