General Biology 3

SEAN JUSTINE M.
CALOYLOY G11 STEM
“General Biology”
Quarter 1
Week 3
SAQ-1: Why is it important for some cells to be modified?
 Cell modification is a process that occurs after cell division, cell modification
is important because if cell are structurally modified then they can perform
their function more effectively and efficiently.
SAQ-2: How do the adaption make the cell more efficient?
 After the cells adapt through cell modification then they can perform their
function efficiently because cell modification is a process that structurally
modified the cell or enhances or upgrade the cell for a specific reason like the
Red blood cells has a bio concave shape for increasing its surface area and
diffusion of oxygen in and out of the red blood cell make it easier or Root
hair cells has a shape of a long and narrow protrusion or a hair-like structure
to help the root hair cell to absorb more water and mineral salts and other cells
that has been under cell modification are the same but has different functions
or jobs, is just like modifying a shoe for making it more complex and durable.
Let’s Practice!!!
CELL Function/job Modification

Red Blood Cells TRY Whip-like structure Bioconcave shape
1. C 2. that allows a cell to A 3. that increases the
move. surface area for
D 4. C 5. easy diffusion.
Stereocilla A 6. Absorbs water and D 7. Longer than
mineral salts from Microvilli.
D 8. B the surrounding.
Flagella Contains Elongated cell and
9. C 10. hemoglobin that
C has a long and
combines with narrow protrusion.
SEAN oxygen. JUSTINE
Finger-like
Microvilli M. Increases
cytoplasmic
absorption and is
non-motile. Found extensions.
in sensory cells.
Basal in folding Found in Long whip like
epithelium that are structure. Longer
known to transfer than axial structure
fluid. of cilia.
Root hair cell Increases surface Short hair like
area for absorption. structure for
projection. Beats in
a rhythmical wave
like manner.
Cilia Function in Thickening of
movement and is cytoplasmic face of
motile. the membrane at
the base of
epithelium cell.
CALOYLOY
G11 STEM
Quarter 1
Week 3
SAQ-1: Why must cells divide?
 Cell division is a process where cell reproduction occur through mitosis and
cell must undergo this process because new cells from reproduction of cells
will now replace old cells or dead cells for living things continue to grow or
mature like dead skins repair itself but it’s actually the Plant stem cells That
means that when they're applied to human skin, they help stimulate new cell
growth. These new cells then go to work repairing and restoring damaged
tissues, creating smoother, softer, younger-looking skin. So when skin cells
are dying and become a dead skin, the cell division occurs and new cells just
replace them and just continue the life span of the skin.
SAQ-1: What do you think cells do when you scrape you knee?
 As soon as you scrape or break the skin anywhere on your body, special blood
cells called platelets spring into action. Platelets stick together like glue at the
cut, forming a clot. This clot is like a protective bandage over your cut that
keeps more blood and other fluids from flowing out.
Let’s Practice1!!
Activity 1. Cookie Model
Stage Summary
Interphase Growth period of the cell cycle and a long uncoiled strands of DNA.
Prophase The cell’s nucleus remains, but the nucleolus disappears, the microtubules begin to form the
mitotic spindle, and it attaches to the centriole.
Metaphase The membrane of the nucleus dissolve. The mitotic spindle becomes fully formed and
attaches to the centromeres of the chromosomes. The spindles pull the chromosomes to the
middle of the cell.
Anaphase Spindle fibers begin to shorten to pull the sister chromatids away from each other toward the
opposite ends of the cell.
Telophase The daughter chromosomes reach the opposite poles of the cell. Two nuclear membrane
begin to form, one at each pole. The cell breaks apart at the cleavage furrow.
Cytokinesis Splitting the cytoplasm into two cells.
Try
1. A
2. D
3. B
4. C
5. C
6. A
7. C
8. D
9. D
10. C
SEAN JUSTINE M. CALOYLOY G11 STEM

Quarter 1
Week 3
SAQ-1: What is crossing over and why does it occur?

 It is a process where two non-sister chromatids pair up with each other or
crossing over and exchange different segments of genetic material to form two
recombinant chromosome sister chromatids. And it is happening or occurs
between Prophase I and Metaphase I or when the chromosomes and the
nuclear envelope starts to break down and also chromosomes cross over at a
point called Chiasma.
SAQ-2: How important is Meiosis?
 Meiosis is important because it ensures all organisms produced sexual
reproduction that contain the correct number of chromosomes because meiosis
divides the number of chromosomes into halves in the formation of the
gametes and Meiosis also produces genetic variation by way of the process of
recombination or this is the process where it give us different eye color or
hair.
Let’s Practice!!!
Activity: Modelling Meiosis
Meiosis I Description Meiosis II Description
Stages Stages
Prophase I Homologous Prophase II New spindle are forms
Chromosomes is starting around the chromosome
to cross over at a point
called Chiasma.
Metaphase I Homologous Metaphase Along the equator the
Chromosomes are move II Chromosomes line up and
by the spindle fiber to the through the spindle fibers.
equator of the cell.
Anaphase I Each pair of Anaphase Centromeres divide and
Chromosomes are pulled II sister chromatids are
to the opposite sides of individually pulled apart,
the cell by the action of then move to opposite
spindle fibers. poles of the cell.
Telophase I The cytoplasm divides Telophase The cytoplasm splits
through cytokinesis II leaving four haploid
forming two new cells. daughter cells.
Try
1. B 2. C 3. A 4. D 5. B 6. B 7. C 8. A
9. D 10. D

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SEAN JUSTINE M.

CALOYLOY G11 STEM

CELL Function/job Modification

SEAN JUSTINE M. CALOYLOY G11 STEM

SAQ-1: What is crossing over and why does it occur?

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