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Equation Reducible To Homogeneous Differential Equation

The document provides an example of solving a differential equation that is reducible to homogeneous form. The steps involve making a change of variables to transform the equation into a homogeneous form, then solving the resulting homogeneous equation. Specifically, it introduces the differential equation dx/dy = 2x-y+4, applies the change of variables x'=x-h and y'=y-k, derives the resulting homogeneous equation dx'/dy' = x'-2y', and solves this using standard homogeneous equation methods to obtain the general solution x'z=C.

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Sheikh Rasel
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3K views3 pages

Equation Reducible To Homogeneous Differential Equation

The document provides an example of solving a differential equation that is reducible to homogeneous form. The steps involve making a change of variables to transform the equation into a homogeneous form, then solving the resulting homogeneous equation. Specifically, it introduces the differential equation dx/dy = 2x-y+4, applies the change of variables x'=x-h and y'=y-k, derives the resulting homogeneous equation dx'/dy' = x'-2y', and solves this using standard homogeneous equation methods to obtain the general solution x'z=C.

Uploaded by

Sheikh Rasel
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Equation reducible to homogeneous form

𝒅𝒚 𝒙−𝟐𝒚+𝟑
Example: Solve the following equation reducible to homogeneous form :𝒅𝒙 = 𝟐𝒙−𝒚+𝟒
𝑑𝑦 𝑥−2𝑦+3
Solution: Given, = 2𝑥−𝑦+4 ⋯ ⋯ ⋯ ⋯ ⋯ ⋯ (𝑖)
𝑑𝑥
𝑙𝑒𝑡 𝑥 = 𝑥 ′ + ℎ ⋯ (𝑖𝑖) 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑦 = 𝑦 ′ + 𝑘 ⋯ (𝑖𝑖𝑖)
∴ 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑑𝑥 ′ ∴ 𝑑𝑦 = 𝑑𝑦 ′
From (i) we have 2
∴ 𝑘=
𝑑𝑦 ′ 𝑥 ′ + ℎ − 2𝑦 ′ − 2𝑘 + 3 3
=
𝑑𝑥 ′ 2𝑥 ′ + 2ℎ − 𝑦 ′ − 𝑘 + 4 From (v) we have,
𝑑𝑦 ′ 𝑥 ′ − 2𝑦 ′ + (ℎ − 2𝑘 + 3) 2
= ⋯ ⋯ (𝑖𝑣) ℎ−2∙ +3=0
𝑑𝑥 ′ 2𝑥 ′ − 𝑦 ′ + (2ℎ − 𝑘 + 4) 3
4
Putting ℎ − 2𝑘 + 3 = 0 ⋯ (𝑣) ℎ= −3
3 5
and 2ℎ − 𝑘 + 4 = 0 ⋯ ⋯ (𝑣𝑖) ∴ ℎ=−
3
From 𝑣 × 2 − 𝑣𝑖 we have, 𝑑𝑦 ′ 𝑥 ′ −2𝑦 ′
From (iv) we have ,𝑑𝑥 ′ = ⋯ ⋯ ⋯ (𝑣𝑖𝑖)
2𝑥 ′ −𝑦 ′
2 ℎ − 2𝑘 + 3 − 2ℎ − 𝑘 + 4 = 0 − 0
2ℎ − 4𝑘 + 6 − 2ℎ + 𝑘 − 4 = 0 Since the equation is now homogeneous,
𝑑𝑦 ′ 𝑑𝑣
−3𝑘 + 2 = 0 putting 𝑦′ = 𝑣𝑥 ′ and = 𝑣 + 𝑥 ′ 𝑑𝑥 ′ in
𝑑𝑥 ′
−3𝑘 = −2 (vii) we have,
𝑑𝑣 𝑥 ′ − 2𝑣𝑥 ′
𝑑𝑥 ′ 𝑑𝑧
𝑣 + 𝑥′ ′ = ′ Then, 𝑥′
=
𝑑𝑥 2𝑥 − 𝑣𝑥 ′ −2𝑧
1
𝑑𝑣 1 − 2𝑣 ln 𝑥 ′ = − ln 𝑧 + ln 𝐶
𝑣 + 𝑥′ ′ = 2 1
𝑑𝑥 2−𝑣
ln 𝑥 ′ + ln 𝑧 2 = ln 𝐶
𝑑𝑣 1 − 2𝑣
𝑥 ′ = −𝑣 ln 𝑥 ′ 𝑧 = ln 𝐶
𝑑𝑥 ′ 2−𝑣
𝑥′ 𝑧 = 𝐶
′
𝑑𝑣 1 − 2𝑣 − 2𝑣 + 𝑣 2
𝑥 = 𝑥 ′ 1 − 4𝑣 + 𝑣 2 = 𝐶
𝑑𝑥 ′ 2−𝑣
𝑑𝑣 1 − 4𝑣 + 𝑣 2 𝑦 ′ 𝑦 ′2
𝑥 ′
= 𝑥′ 1 − 4 ′ + ′2 = 𝐶
𝑑𝑥 ′ 2−𝑣 𝑥 𝑥
𝑑𝑥 ′ 2−𝑣
= 𝑑𝑣 𝑥 ′ 2 − 4𝑥 ′ 𝑦 ′ + 𝑦 ′ 2
𝑥′ 1 − 4𝑣 + 𝑣 2 𝑥′ =𝐶
𝑥 ′2
𝑑𝑥 ′ 2−𝑣
= 𝑑𝑣
𝑥′ 1 − 4𝑣 + 𝑣 2 𝑥 ′ 2 − 4𝑥 ′ 𝑦 ′ + 𝑦 ′ 2 = 𝐶
Let, 1 − 4𝑣 + 𝑣 2 = 𝑧 (𝑥 − ℎ)2 −4 𝑥 − ℎ (𝑦 − 𝑘) + (𝑦 − 𝑘)2 = 𝐶
𝑑𝑧
−4 + 2𝑣 =
𝑑𝑣
2 2
𝑑𝑧 = −2 2 − 𝑣 𝑑𝑣 5 5 2 2
∴ 𝑥+ −4 𝑥+ 𝑦− + 𝑦− =𝐶
𝑑𝑧 3 3 3 3
∴ 2 − 𝑣 𝑑𝑣 =
−2
Exercise on Reducible to Homogeneous Equation:

𝒅𝒚 𝟐𝒙−𝒚+𝟒
1. Solve the following reducible to homogeneous differential equation: 𝒅𝒙 = 𝒙−𝟐𝒚+𝟓 .

𝒅𝒚 𝒚−𝒙+𝟏
2.Solve the following reducible to homogeneous differential equation: 𝒅𝒙 = 𝒚+𝒙+𝟑

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