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Entropía

1) The document discusses the concept of entropy, beginning with examples of spontaneous phenomena in nature that only occur in one direction, like a diamond spontaneously turning into graphite. 2) It then covers the historical origins of thermodynamics from the industrial revolution and inventions like the steam engine. Scientists like Carnot worked to improve efficiency and derived concepts like reversible processes and heat reservoirs. 3) The document formally derives the concept of entropy and discusses how entropy is observed in phenomena like free falling objects and how it explains the natural direction of spontaneous processes.

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Mario Alberto Amador Chimal
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54 views32 pages

Entropía

1) The document discusses the concept of entropy, beginning with examples of spontaneous phenomena in nature that only occur in one direction, like a diamond spontaneously turning into graphite. 2) It then covers the historical origins of thermodynamics from the industrial revolution and inventions like the steam engine. Scientists like Carnot worked to improve efficiency and derived concepts like reversible processes and heat reservoirs. 3) The document formally derives the concept of entropy and discusses how entropy is observed in phenomena like free falling objects and how it explains the natural direction of spontaneous processes.

Uploaded by

Mario Alberto Amador Chimal
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Entropy: concepts and

applications
Fernando Donado Pérez
Student Learning Objectives
• To recall for 10 min for prior knowledge and observations from the nature
and from man-made devices related with phenomena and facts that only
happens spontaneously in one direction to motivate the concept. These
examples will be used to obtain a general conclusion that include all the
examples.
• To understand the thermodynamics concept of entropy analyzing the
formal derivation of the concept and some simple examples of ideal
systems. The student would be able to repeat the formal derivations.
• To predict consequences in some phenomena related with entropy to
establish limits in physical quantities. To assess the skill to identify where
entropy is important by using a written test where cases are proposed and
students must be selected from different options.
Spontaneous phenomena in nature
Ever heard the saying, "graphite is forever"? If we waited long
enough, we would observe a diamond spontaneously turn into
the more stable form of carbon, graphite. Picture from
Wikipedia, CC BY-SA 3.0
Direction of ocurrence in the spontaneous
process
Class activity 1
• Each student must mention a natural phenomenon that only occurs in
one direction.
• Discuss in group if the phenomena are related to a disorder process.
• Are that phenomena in disagrement with energy consevation?
Some historical facts
• Industrial revolution (1700-1800)
• Steam engine
• Improving efficiency of a steam engine
• A air engine would be more efficient because no heat is needed?
• Carnot solve d the problema 1800
What proposals did Carnot give to solve the
problem?
• Introduction of a heat engine instead of steam engine
• Reversible process
• Heat reservoir
• Two reservoir were neened to produce work
• Carnot principle
Thermal engines: the origin of the science of
thermodynamics
Formal derivation of the entropy
Direction of ocurrence in the spontaneous
process
Entropy and order
Free falling objects and the entropy
How entropy is observed in these phenomena?
How entropy is observed in these
phenomena?
How entropy is observed in these
phenomena?
How entropy is observed in these
phenomena?
Homework time!
• Derive formally the entropy starting from the analysing the Carnot
engine
• Find 5 examples coming from nature where entropy is essential to
understand the phenomena.
• Look for pepetual motion machines in the Internet.
Conclusions
• Entropy is one concept that rules nature
• Entropy defines the direction of a physical process.
• Entropy related concepts are useful to explain other phenomena in
others fields.
• Thank you for attention!

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