8

NOSSEL
E GROUP WORK Answer each question and explain your answers. Listen again if you disagree.
GOAL Compare perspectives on world problems
Conversation 1
1 What does the man think we can do about crime?
A LISTENING WARM-UP How much do you worry about epidemics, terrorism, and crime? Write 2 Why does the woman think he is practical?
each one on the graph. Then discuss with a partner. 3 Which speaker’s outlook is closer to yours, the man’s or the woman’s?

NOT AT ALL A LOT Conversation 2

1 What reasons do the speakers give for why so many people will get the Marburg virus sooner or later?
DIGITAL
B 1:09 LISTEN FOR MAIN IDEAS Listen. Write the problem discussed in each conversation. 2 Which speaker is more optimistic—the man or the woman?
STRATEGIES
3 Which speaker’s outlook is closer to yours, the man’s or the woman’s?
Conversation 1 Conversation 2 Conversation 3
Conversation 3
C 1:10 LISTEN FOR DETAILS Listen again. Circle T (true), F (false), or ND (not discussed). 1 What does the woman think we can do about terrorism?
2 Which speaker has a more realistic outlook—the man or the woman?
a She says there aren’t a lot of newspaper articles about crime. T F ND
1 b He thinks there’s nothing anyone can do about crime. T F ND
3 Which speaker’s outlook is closer to yours, the man’s or the woman’s?

a She thinks breathing the air on planes can be dangerous. T F ND

2 b He thinks international travel will spread the disease all over the world. T F ND
a He worries about terrorism in crowded places. T F ND NOW YOU CAN Compare perspectives on world problems
3 b She thinks terrorism is caused by poverty. T F ND

A NOTEPADDING Write a list of world problems that you worry about.

D UNDERSTAND MEANING FROM CONTEXT Read each quotation. Then listen again and Or use the ideas in the pictures. Write why you worry about them.
complete each statement.
enough
Epidemics: I worry that we won’t have
Conversation 1
medicines, and lots of people will die.
1 When the woman says, “Crime is just out of control,” she means .
a there’s a huge amount of crime b we have to control crime
War
2 When the man says, “What is the world coming to?” he is asking,
a “Where in the world can we go to avoid crime?” b “What is the future of the world?”
3 When he says, “Better safe than sorry,” he is saying .
a don’t tempt criminals by wearing jewelry b just stay home where it’s safe
Conversation 2
4 When the man says, “I think I’m getting a little obsessed,” he means,
a “I’m thinking about this way too much.” b “I’m afraid I’m getting sick.” Political corruption
5 When she says, “Well, I don’t think that’s crazy,” she means . Drug trafficking
a he’s right to be worried b the disease is extremely bad Public sanitation
6 When the woman says, “It’s even more contagious,” she worries .
a it could cause an epidemic b it won’t last for long
Conversation 3
7 When the man says, “I don’t know about you, but I’m getting a little freaked out about
terrorism,” he’s really saying,
a “Are you as scared as I am about terrorism?” b “I don’t know how to stop terrorism. Do you?”
8 When the woman says, “Well, that’s no way to live,” she means,
a “You are going to die.” b “It’s impossible to live normally with that outlook.”
RECYCLE THIS LANGUAGE
Global warming
9 When she says, “It is what it is,” she means, • It’s just a matter of time until …
a “What is it?” b “There’s nothing anyone can do about it.” • I mean, what are you going to do?
• These things are just part of life.
10 When the man says, “I guess I’m going a little overboard,” he means, • You’ve got to roll with the punches.
a “I’m making this too important.” b “I’m not interested in this issue.” DIGITAL
SPEAKING B DISCUSSION Meet with classmates who listed the same problems on • You’re just a sitting duck.
BOOSTER • It is what it is.
their notepads. Discuss the problem and explain why you worry about it,
• It’s started getting to me.
providing details of experiences you or others you know have had with it.
• Better safe than sorry.
Discuss what, if anything, can be done about the problem.
8 UNIT 1 9

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NOSSEL
F
GOAL Discuss creative ways to achieve a goal
DIGITAL
STRATEGIES 1:12 WORD STUDY ADJECTIVE SUFFIXES -FUL AND -LESS Expand your vocabulary
by learning these adjectives from the Reading on page 10 with the suffixes -ful (meaning
“with”) and -less (meaning “without”). Write one sentence using one of each pair.

-ful -less My sentence

A READING WARM-UP In what ways can a person’s attitude help in solving a problem or achieving a goal?
careful careless
hopeful hopeless
DIGITAL
STRATEGIES B 1:11 READING Read the newspaper article, which is based on a true story in the news.
meaningful meaningless
What was Phil Cooper’s mistake?
painful painless
powerful powerless
purposeful purposeless
useful useless
Be careful!
G WORD STUDY PRACTICE The following pairs of words aren’t opposite
Not all words that end in
equivalents. With a partner, discuss the difference in meaning of the words -ful and -less are opposite
August 7 in these pairs. equivalents. Restful refers to
a calm place or an experience,
restful / restless: We had a very restful vacation and didn’t do much. / while restless refers to a

FACEBOOK SAVES THE DAY “I felt sort of like a snoop, but my

spying was purposeful,” he said. “I was
looking for clues to the owner’s identity, helpful / helpless:
I was so restless last night. I couldn’t sleep.
Your brother is so helpful. He always offers to do the
person’s feeling of physical
nervousness. Always check the
dictionary to confirm meaning.
WESTON—In a painful ending to an and I was optimistic that I would find
otherwise glorious vacation, Phil and chores at home. /
something.”
Virginia Cooper and their daughters, Soon he came across a photo of
Babies are so helpless. They can’t do anything for themselves.
Miranda and Grace, arrived home without two young girls getting on a yellow pitiful / pitiless: It was pitiful to see that poor cat looking for food. /
the hundreds of vacation snapshots they school bus with the words WESTON, NJ
had taken.
How can people be so pitiless that they’d let a cat starve?
on the side. In a burst of creative
“We’ll always have our memories,” thinking, Secrest thought someone
said Phil, “but no pictures of our family’s might recognize the girls, so he posted
activities or the beautiful New England the photo on Facebook and urged his
scenery and Cape Cod beaches where we
spent the last two weeks of our summer
friends to share it, with this message:
Do you know these kids from NOW YOU CAN Discuss creative ways to achieve a goal
vacation.” Weston, New Jersey? I found a
“Phil has always been a little absent- camera with this photo in Barton,
hopeless. Days had passed. The camera would
minded, but this takes the cake,” Virginia
have been lying on the ground through bad
Massachusetts, and want to locate A NOTEPADDING Adam Secrest’s goal was to find Goals:
said with an affectionate smile. “We were the owner. Please share . the camera’s owner. With a partner, brainstorm
getting settled in the car for the long drive weather, or perhaps someone had found it and
Facebook friends shared the To collect money for a good cause
home, and Phil got out to snap one last taken it home,” Phil said. The camera case and write creative ways to achieve the goals on the
photo hundreds of times. It was just a
picture of the sunset. Then he set the had the Coopers’ name and address, but the notepad.
matter of time until it appeared on the
camera on the roof of the car while he camera hadn’t been in the case.
Weston Community page and someone
got his jacket out of the trunk.” Needless Last weekend, while training for an recognized Miranda and Grace and To locate an organ donor for a sick person
to say, the camera fell off the car as they Ironman Triathlon event, Adam Secrest, 24, B DISCUSSION Choose one goal and in a small
called Virginia Cooper, who contacted
drove off. The family discovered the spotted the camera along the side of Callman group discuss ways to achieve it, based on your
Secrest, first through Facebook, and
camera was missing when they got home. Road near Barton Beach, Massachusetts. He then by phone. The camera arrived at ideas from Exercise A. Present your ideas to
Then Phil suddenly remembered placing picked it up, looked for a name, and finding the class.
the Coopers’ house by mail yesterday. To warn people about a danger
the camera on the top of the car. none, stashed it in his car, thinking he would
“Lots of people say social media is a
“I felt terrible for having been so try to locate the owner after his run. Once Not everyone will want to donate a lot of
meaningless waste of time, but here’s an
careless and was sure the situation was home, Secrest turned on the camera and money. So it’s important to keep a positive
example of how powerful and useful it
scrolled through the photos. attitude. If everyone gives a little, or donates
can be,” said Secrest. To find a lost person
time to help, we can still reach our goal.

C DETERMINE THE MAIN IDEA Which statement expresses the main idea of the article?
1 There’s nothing worse than losing one’s vacation memories.  OPTIONAL WRITING In a paragraph, present
To spread a political message
the ideas you developed in Exercise B.
2 Creative thinking can help solve problems in unexpected ways.
3 Being a forgetful person can cause a lot of problems.

D UNDERSTAND MEANING FROM CONTEXT Locate these adjectives and expressions in

the article and classify them as positive (+) or negative (-). Then, with a partner, try to
explain the meaning of each one in your own words.
absent-minded hopeless meaningless useful
affectionate purposeful powerful

DIGITAL E SUMMARIZE Read the article again. Then close your book and, with a partner,
EXTRA
CHALLENGE summarize the story in your own words.
10 UNIT 1 11

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WRITING Paragraph structure: Review DIGITAL

GAME review
WRITING MODEL
A WRITING SKILL Study the rules. A 1:13 Listen to the people talking about their reactions to events in the news. Decide if
Workaholics lead unba
lives. They spend all their
lanced each speaker is an optimist, a pessimist, or a realist.
A paragraph consists of sentences about one topic. The most important energy
on work. They rarely take
sentence in a paragraph is the topic sentence. It is often (though not time to 1 John 2 Susan 3 Matt
relax and let their mind
s rest. I know,
always) the first sentence, and it introduces, states, or summarizes the because my father was
a workaholic,
topic of a paragraph. For example: Workaholics lead unbalanced lives. and he worked every day
of the week. B Now read the statements. Write the name of the person from the listening who is most
We hardly ever saw him.
In formal or academic writing, all the supporting sentences that follow, he was not at work, we
Even when likely to have said each statement. Listen again if necessary.
knew he was
surround, or precede a topic sentence—details, examples, and other thinking about work. He
seemed
1 “You’ve got to be practical. There will be some problems in life that you can solve and
facts—must be related to the topic presented in the topic sentence. never to think of anything some that you can’t. What’s important is realizing when something is beyond your
else.
In summary, not know
ing how to control. I mean, it is what it is.”
If the last sentence of a paragraph isn’t its topic sentence, and especially escape from work make
s it difficult
for a workaholic to find 2 “Life is full of hard times. Bad things happen and there’s very little you can do about
if the paragraph is a long one, writers sometimes end it with a concluding balance in
his or her life. it.”
sentence that restates the topic sentence or summarizes the paragraph.
Concluding sentences commonly use phrases such as In conclusion or 3 “It’s important to see a problem as both a challenge and an opportunity for success.
In summary. Difficult experiences can make a person stronger.”

C Complete each description in your own words.

B PRACTICE The sentences below form a paragraph, but they are out of order. Write T 1 An easygoing person is someone who .
next to the topic sentence, S next to each of the four supporting sentences, and C next to 2 An outgoing person is someone who .
the concluding sentence. Then, on a separate sheet of paper, put the sentences in order
3 A reliable person is someone who .
and rewrite the paragraph.
4 A helpful person is someone who .
1 She took a night-shift job so she didn’t have to do much work.
2 Since they’re very intelligent, some figure out how to do less work.
D Complete each conversation with one of the words that describe behavior from page 6.
3 Very intelligent people, or “brains,” are sometimes lazy people.
1 A: Looks like I have to work overtime again tonight. My boss just gave me three
4 I had a friend who was a member of Mensa, an organization for people who are really smart. projects to complete by the end of the day.
5 To sum up, sometimes intelligent people use their intelligence to get out of doing work. B: You’re kidding. He sounds like a real !
6 She could read novels most of the night and still get a paycheck. 2 A: You know, without Sarah’s help, I would never have completed that presentation
in time.
C PRACTICE Read the two paragraphs. Find and underline the topic sentence and the B: Tell me about it. She really helped me out with my sales campaign last month.
concluding sentence in each paragraph. She’s such a .
3 A: Tom is really a . I ran into him in the park last weekend,
Terrorist acts take many forms, but all The things that worry many people don’t worry
and he was sitting on a bench and working on that report.
have one thing in common: the senseless me. For example, many people worry about war,
targeting of innocent people to achieve epidemics, and natural catastrophes, such as storms B: Yeah, that’s Tom all right. He never stops!
maximum pain, fear, and disruption. In and earthquakes. An individual person can’t do 4 A: I don’t think Jill had a very good time at the party—she didn’t say a word the
one type of act, a terrorist kills or harms a anything about war, so why worry about it? I believe whole evening.
single individual for no apparent reason. in hoping for the best. Epidemics can be terrible, but
B: Well, Jill doesn’t feel comfortable in social situations. She’s just not
In others, terrorists detonate explosives I trust in modern medicine and think scientists are
a .
or bombs in crowded markets or at public doing everything they can to discover vaccines and
events. In still others, terrorists attack treatments for them. And storms and earthquakes
public transportation, harming or killing are relatively rare and can’t be prevented, so it’s best E Complete each sentence with one of the adjectives from Word Study on page 11.
many people at once. In conclusion, just to keep an optimistic outlook. Of course it would 1 Excellent dental anesthesia today makes almost all dental treatment .
although I generally have a positive be silly not to take precautions that can help. “Better
2 Sometimes we feel completely ; there’s just nothing we can do to
outlook, I think it is just a matter of time safe than sorry,” as they say, but in most cases it’s
make something happen.
until terrorists harm me or people I know best just to try to roll with the punches.
and love. 3 The Internet can be very in helping us communicate with a large
number of people at once.
4 I’m about the future. I think things will change for the better.
DIGITAL
WRITING D APPLY THE WRITING SKILL Choose one (or more) world problems that SELF-CHECK
PROCESS 5 Some say the colors of a painting create a more impression than the
worry you. Write a paragraph describing your outlook and attitude about Does my paragraph have a topic sentence?
black and white of a pencil drawing.
the problem. Use the writing models in Exercise C as an example. Do the supporting sentences in my
paragraph all relate to the topic? Web Project: Personality Types
TEST-TAKING SKILLS BOOSTER p. 151
Do I have a concluding sentence?
www.english.com/summit3e

12 UNIT 1 13

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UNIT COMMUNICATION GOALS ENGLISH FOR TODAY’S WORLD

1 Describe how you’ve been enjoying the arts Understand a variety of accents.
2 Express a negative opinion politely D 1:15 SPOTLIGHT Read and listen to three colleagues discussing Amalia = Spanish

Music and Other Arts

Sandy = Chinese
3 Describe a creative personality what to do after a meeting. Notice the spotlighted language. Paul = American English (standard)
4 Discuss the benefits of the arts
Amalia: Hey, guys, we’ve got a free evening tonight. Why
don’t we see if there’s anything to do? Sandy: Hold on! Here’s something that might
Sandy: Good idea! Let me see if I can find something be right up your alley, Paul. There’s an
preview online.
Paul: I’m in … Check out eTix. They usually have some
exhibit of modern American art at the Grant
Gallery. And they’re open late on Thursdays.
A FRAME YOUR IDEAS Complete the survey. Then tell a partner about the great deals. Paul: Now you’re talking!
songs and artists you listed. Explain why each one is memorable for you. Sandy: Let’s see … Hey, The Phantom of the Opera is at Sandy: And what I really love is the location.
the Palladium. I saw the movie, but I’ve never seen it live. The gallery’s right around the corner from
WRITE ONE OR MORE EXAMPLES OF YOUR What do you think? here.

MUSICAL MEMORIES
Paul: I saw it back home in Chicago at least ten years ago.
Hasn’t that thing been playing for like twenty years now?
Amalia: At least! I’ve actually seen it on stage. But I guess I
wouldn’t mind seeing it again. The music is awesome.
1 A song with a really danceable beat that made you 6 A group or performer with an innovative sound Paul: Yeah, it’s got some catchy melodies, but the
want to get up and move to the music unlike anything you’d heard before story’s nothing to write home about.
Sandy: Hey, here’s something that might be
good! It looks like tickets are still available
2 A song with a catchy, unforgettable melody that you 7 A singer that blew you away with his for Swan Lake. That’s supposed to be an
loved—you couldn’t get the music out of your head or her extraordinary singing voice
amazing ballet.
Paul: Uh, no offense, but ballet isn’t my thing.
3 A song with an annoying melody that drove you 8 A top-notch musician you thought was Amalia: I can see Paul’s going to be hard to
crazy every time you heard it one of the most talented artists ever please!
Paul: Sorry, I don’t mean to be a pain. I guess
I’m not really in the mood for a show tonight.
4 A song with really moving lyrics—you got 9 A singer, musician, or group that put on an Maybe there’s a museum that stays open late.
emotional every time you heard the words amazing and memorable performance

5 A song with interesting lyrics that made you really

E UNDERSTAND IDIOMS AND EXPRESSIONS Find these expressions in Spotlight.
think about the song’s meaning Match each with its correct usage.
1 I’m in. a You think someone will definitely be interested in something.
2 It’s nothing to write home about. b You want to apologize for making trouble.
3 It isn’t my thing. c You think someone has made a good suggestion.
4 He’s hard to please. d You think someone is difficult to satisfy.
5 I don’t mean to be a pain. e You think there’s nothing special about something.
6 It’s right up your alley. f You want to indicate your willingness to participate.
7 Now you’re talking. g You indicate that something isn’t to your personal taste.

F THINK AND EXPLAIN Discuss these questions.

1 Who’s willing to see The Phantom of the Opera and who’s not? Explain each person’s point of view.
2 Why do you think Sandy thinks the art exhibit might be just right for Paul?

 SPEAKING PAIR WORK Rate the events on a scale of 1 to 5

(with 5 being most enjoyable). Then tell your partner about the
DIGITAL
STRATEGIES B 1:14 VOCABULARY ELEMENTS OF MUSIC Work with a partner to a beat a sound kinds of events you’d like to attend. Explain your reasons in detail.
explain the meanings of the words on the right. Use the survey to support a melody a voice
your explanation. Then listen and repeat. lyrics a performance
an art exhibit a modern dance performance a play
C PAIR WORK Tell your partner about the a rock concert a classical music concert a musical
performers you’d like to see, or not like a comedy show a jazz performance a ballet
to see, in the future. Explain your reasons.
14 UNIT 2 15

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NOSSEL
GOAL Describe how you’ve been enjoying the arts
DIGITAL
MORE D NOTICE THE GRAMMAR Find an example of the present perfect continuous in Spotlight on page 15.
EXERCISES
Does it describe an action that has finished or one that may continue in the future?

E UNDERSTAND THE GRAMMAR Check the sentences in which the present perfect continuous
A 1:16 GRAMMAR SPOTLIGHT Read the commentaries. Notice the spotlighted grammar. can also be used. Then, on a separate sheet of paper, rewrite those sentences in the present
perfect continuous.
1 He’s played with their band for almost 5 We’ve gone to a lot of concerts lately.
I try to get to MASP—that’s ten years. 6 Have you ever visited the Museum of
Over the past few years, I’ve been going to see a lot
the São Paulo Museum of Art— 2 Justin Timberlake has already given two Contemporary Art?
of live theater. I’ve seen some classic but still-popular
whenever I can. Because it’s concerts in my town.
shows like Les Misérables and The Phantom of the 7 How many times have you seen the musical
not far from work, I ’ve been
Opera. Recently, I booked a trip to New York, and 3 She’s looked online this morning for a good Les Misérables?
dropping by about every month
I’ve been checking online to see what’s playing. deal on show tickets. 8 Lately, audiences have asked them to play
or so to see what’s new and visit
I couldn’t go to the Big Apple without seeing a 4 Since he got promoted to stage manager, more songs from their new album.
its excellent library. Lately,
few good shows, right? Mark’s arrived early at the theater every day.
I’ve been exploring
the Antiques Market
outside as well. They F GRAMMAR PRACTICE Complete the questions, using the present perfect continuous
Amy Chen, 18 San Francisco, USA
always have a lot of when possible. Otherwise, use the present perfect.
interesting stuff to  1 A: music videos on my tablet?
look at. you / watch
Music plays a pretty big part in my life. Lately B: Yes, I have. But I’m done.
I’ve been using music to wake me up in the 2 A: the musical Wicked yet?
morning, get me moving at the gym, and help me Max / see
unwind after work. Speaking of work, B: No, he hasn’t. But he should. It’s unforgettable.
I’ve been listening to music more 3 A: ?
during the day and I’ve noticed that it what / you / do

actually makes me more productive. B: Just now? I’ve been checking to see if there are any interesting art exhibits this week.
4 A: late again?
Vickie / work

Nicole Clarkson, 34 Chicago, USA Fabiano Valle, 22 São Paulo, Brazil B: I’m afraid so. But she’ll be heading home in a few minutes.
5 A: to a Broadway musical?
Jerry / go
PRONUNCIATION
B MAKE PERSONAL COMPARISONS Which person’s tastes, interests, and activities are B: Never. But he’s going to his first one tonight. BOOSTER p. 142
the most like (or the least like) your own? Explain why. 6 A: in line to get in to the concert? Intonation patterns
how long / you / wait
B: About twenty minutes. But it looks like we’re finally moving now.
DIGITAL
INDUCTIVE C GRAMMAR THE PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS
ACTIVITY
Use the present perfect continuous to express a continuing action that began in
the past and continues in the present. Depending on the context, the action
Remember: NOW YOU CAN Describe how you’ve been enjoying the arts
The present perfect can also be
may continue in the future. Use have / has + been and a present participle. used to describe a continuing action
Statements that began in the past. There is no
significant difference in meaning. A NOTEPADDING Write about your experiences with the arts recently. Explain why you’ve
She’s been practicing ballet for years.
She’s practiced ballet for years. been doing some things and not doing others. Use the present perfect continuous.
I’ve been listening to classical music since I was a kid. I’ve listened to classical music
Questions since I was a kid.
Have you been playing the piano for a long time? Have you played the piano for a Art
long time? Music
I haven’t been going to any art
How long has your son been painting portraits? How long has your son painted I’ve been listening to a lot of
portraits? exhibits lately. But to tell the
jazz these days. It helps
These words and phrases are often used with the present perfect continuous truth, it’s not really my thing.
(and the present perfect) when describing continuing actions: However, use the present perfect, me unwind.
not the present perfect continuous,
for [two months] lately these days in sentences with already, yet, M usic Art Theater
for a while recently this [year] before, and ever, because they
describe finished actions.
since [2013] all day How long … ? She’s already practiced ballet
this week.
Note: The present perfect continuous, rather than the present perfect, is Have you ever studied piano?
generally used to describe a recent continuous action, especially when there is
visible evidence that the action has just ended.
What’s Nora’s violin doing on the table? Has she been practicing? Have you been going
GRAMMAR BOOSTER p. 126
DIGITAL
VIDEO B DISCUSSION ACTIVATOR Discuss the role the arts have been playing in to many plays or
Finished and unfinished actions: summary your life recently. Use your notes to discuss what you’ve been doing (or not musicals recently?
16 UNIT 2 doing) lately. Ask your partner questions. Say as much as you can. 17

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NOSSEL
GOAL Express a negative opinion politely F GRAMMAR PRACTICE Rewrite each statement as a cleft sentence with What.
1 I can’t stand long classical music concerts. What I can’t stand are long classical music concerts.
2 I didn’t care for Adele’s overly sentimental lyrics.
3 Jessica doesn’t particularly like Bono’s voice.
DIGITAL
STRATEGIES A 1:17 VOCABULARY NEGATIVE DESCRIPTIONS OF MUSIC
4 I’d really enjoy seeing a live Lady Gaga performance.
Read and listen. Then listen again and repeat.
5 The song “I Gotta Feeling” by the Black Eyed Peas really makes me want to dance.

G PAIR WORK Take turns reading a statement aloud. Your partner restates it as a
cleft sentence with What.
The melody is so sentimental. 1 “Jazz always puts me to sleep.”
(overly emotional or romantic) 2 “I can’t stand the loud beat in techno-pop.”
3 “A good melody can make even bad lyrics seem acceptable.”
Her lyrics are way too serious. 4 “Listening to my brother try to sing drives me crazy.”
(not fun or happy)
5 “Dancing to the music of a great salsa band helps me unwind.”
Their music is so commercial. 6 “I love downloading songs by unknown new artists.”
(of little artistic value; focused on popular success)

His sound is really dated. Also:

(not up-to-date; not modern) annoying
Their songs are kind of repetitive. boring
(always repeat the same beat, lyrics, or melodies) depressing NOW YOU CAN Express a negative opinion politely
loud
offensive
A 1:19 CONVERSATION SPOTLIGHT
No offense, but I find her silly
songs way too sentimental. Read and listen. Notice the spotlighted
weird conversation strategies.
A: Are you as much of a Michael Bublé
fan as I am?
B 1:18 LISTEN TO ACTIVATE VOCABULARY Listen to each conversation. Then complete the description. B: Michael Bublé? To tell the truth, I’m
1 He finds Jackie Evancho’s music way too (repetitive / commercial / sentimental / serious). not crazy about him.
2 She finds Maná very (repetitive / commercial / dated / serious). A: How can you not like Michael Bublé?
3 He finds Caetano Veloso a little too (repetitive / sentimental / dated / serious). B: To be honest, what I don’t like is his
4 She thinks reggae music is really (repetitive / sentimental / dated / commercial). sound. It’s so commercial. But you
5 He thinks Anthony Hopkins’s music is too (repetitive / sentimental / dated / serious). know who I really like?
A: Who?
C APPLY THE VOCABULARY With a partner, describe singers and bands you don’t like, B: Sting.
using the Vocabulary. A: Sting? I hate to say it, but I find his
music a little dated.

B 1:20 RHYTHM AND INTONATION Listen again and

repeat. Then practice the conversation with a partner.

DIGITAL
D GRAMMAR CLEFT SENTENCES WITH WHAT C NOTEPADDING Write about some of
INDUCTIVE Artists or groups W hat I like
ACTIVITY your favorite musical artists and groups.
One way to emphasize the action in a sentence is to use a noun clause with What as the subject of the
Use cleft sentences with What.
sentence + the verb be. Make sure the form of the verb be agrees with its complement.
Cleft sentences
(I really don’t like traditional music.) → What I really don’t like is traditional music.
(He doesn’t understand jazz.) → What he doesn’t understand is jazz. Black Eyed Peas What I love are their
(They really loved the lyrics.) → What they really loved were the lyrics. great dance beats.
GRAMMAR BOOSTER p. 128
(The melody made everyone cry.) → What made everyone cry was the melody. • Noun clauses: review and
expansion
• Noun clauses as adjective
DIGITAL
VIDEO D CONVERSATION ACTIVATOR Create a conversation similar don’t stop!
DIGITAL
MORE E NOTICE THE GRAMMAR Find an example of a cleft sentence with What in
and noun complements DIGITAL
SPEAKING
to the one in Exercise A. Start like this: Are you as much of a • Discuss other artists
EXERCISES BOOSTER
__ fan as I am? Be sure to change roles and then partners. you like or don’t like.
Spotlight on page 15. • Say as much as you can.
18 UNIT 2 19

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NOSSEL
GOAL Describe a creative personality E IDENTIFY SUPPORTING DETAILS On a separate sheet of paper, write examples from
the Reading of Beethoven’s behavior that illustrate each personality trait. Use your own
words. Explain your answers.
1 that he was gifted 4 that he was passionate 7 that he was moody
DIGITAL
STRATEGIES A 1:21 VOCABULARY DESCRIBING CREATIVE PERSONALITIES 2 that he was energetic 5 that he was eccentric 8 that he was egotistical
Read and listen. Then listen again and repeat. 3 that he was imaginative 6 that he was difficult

Positive qualities Negative qualities F EXPRESS AND SUPPORT AN OPINION Discuss the questions. Activate the Vocabulary
gifted having a natural ability to do one or more eccentric behaving in an unusual way or appearing to support your opinion.
things extremely well different from most people 1 Why do you think every woman that Beethoven asked to marry him rejected him? Do you
energetic very active, physically and mentally difficult never satisfied and hard to please think they made the right decision?
imaginative able to think of new and interesting ideas moody becoming quickly and easily annoyed or unhappy
DIGITAL 2 Why do you think Beethoven was able to write some of his most popular pieces of music
passionate showing a strong liking for something and egotistical believing oneself to be better or more important EXTRA
CHALLENGE when he could no longer hear?
being very dedicated to it than other people

B READING WARM-UP It is often said that gifted people have eccentric, moody, or difficult
personalities. Do you agree? Explain. NOW YOU CAN Describe a creative personality
DIGITAL
STRATEGIES C 1:22 READING Read the short biography. What effect did Beethoven’s personality have on his life?
A FRAME YOUR IDEAS Do you think you I’m not particularly creative,
have a creative personality? Rate yourself but I’m very passionate. I

Gen us
stamping his feet. He completely neglected his personal
for the qualities below on a scale from think it’s really important
a ssionate
appearance; he had wild hair, and his clothes would get to love what you do. What
AP
so dirty that his friends would come during the night and 0 to 3. Compare answers with a partner. about you?
replace his old clothes with new ones. What amazed his
friends was that he never noticed the difference.
Beethoven wrote two famous works, Moonlight Sonata and gifted difficult
Für Elise, for two different women he loved. He was almost 0 = not at all
always passionately in love, often with a woman who was already 1 = a little eccentric energetic
married or engaged. Although Beethoven asked several women to 2 = somewhat passionate moody
marry him, they all rejected him. 3 = extremely
Born in 1770 in Bonn, Germany, Ludwig van Beethoven started imaginative egotistical
playing the piano before he was four years old. Clearly gifted, The most tragic aspect of Beethoven’s life was his gradual loss of hearing,
he had already composed his first piece of music by the time beginning in his late twenties until he became completely deaf in his
he was twelve. When Beethoven was just sixteen, he went to forties. However, even as his hearing grew worse, Beethoven continued to
study in Vienna, Austria, then the center of European cultural be energetic and productive; his creative activity remained intense, and B DISCUSSION Provide details to complete the descriptions of these creative
life and home to the most brilliant musicians and composers audiences were deeply touched by his music. In 1826, Beethoven held his
last public performance of his famous Ninth Symphony. By this time, the
personalities, or write complete descriptions of others you find interesting.
of the period. Beethoven proved to be both a gifted pianist and
an imaginative composer. He went on to create his own unique composer was completely deaf. When he was turned around so he could Be sure to use the Vocabulary and provide examples. Say as much as you can.
sound and melodies loved by millions. see the roaring applause that he could not hear, Beethoven began to cry.
Beethoven is remembered not only for his great genius, but Beethoven died in Vienna at age fifty-seven. One out of ten people
also for his strong and difficult personality. In one infamous who lived in Vienna came to his funeral. And millions of people all over the Michael Jackson was a
incident, Beethoven became so annoyed with a waiter that he world have been enjoying his music ever since. gifted singer, songwriter,
emptied a plate of food over the man’s head. He could also be and dancer from the
quite egotistical, saying once, “There are and will be thousands of U.S. But a lot of people
princes. There is only one Beethoven.” During concerts, if people found him eccentric. For
talked while he was performing, he would stop and walk out. example, …
Despite this type of behavior, many in musical and aristocratic
circles admired Beethoven, and music lovers were always Christian Bale is a Hollywood
Beethoven’s greatest supporters. This fact did not prevent him actor who is originally from
from losing his temper with one or another of them. However, the U.K. He is very talented
because of his talent, Beethoven’s friends always forgave his insults Frida Kahlo was a famous and is known to be very
and moody temperament. Mexican painter. They passionate about acting.
say that, at times, she But it is said that he can be
In addition to being difficult, Beethoven was also well-known
could be quite moody. egotistical and difficult to
for his eccentric behavior. He had the odd habit of putting his
For example, … work with. For example, …
head in cold water before he composed any music. He often
walked through the streets of Vienna muttering to himself and

RECYCLE THIS LANGUAGE

D INFER INFORMATION Infer the information from the Reading. Explain your answers.  OPTIONAL WRITING Write a biography
• a pain in the neck • a team player
1 the year Beethoven moved away from Bonn 3 the reason he cried of a creative person. Present it to the class.
• a people person • a tyrant
2 Beethoven’s age when he gave his last public performance 4 the year Beethoven died • a sweetheart • a workaholic

20 UNIT 2 21

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 22

NOSSEL
GOAL Discuss the benefits of the arts
3 The Walker Institute provides support for
adults who have suddenly found themselves
without a job or a place to live. As a result, these
A LISTENING WARM-UP DISCUSSION In what ways do you think the arts could be used people feel separated from others socially.
to help children who are under emotional stress or the elderly with memory problems? Understandably, they feel bad about their current
circumstances and worry a lot about the future.
DIGITAL
STRATEGIES B 1:23 LISTEN FOR MAIN IDEAS Listen to the radio program for descriptions of how the
arts are used as therapy. Write the type of therapy that is described by each therapist.

1:26 Participial adjectives

DIGITAL
STRATEGIES F WORD STUDY USING PARTICIPIAL ADJECTIVES Verb Present participle Past participle
(amaze) amazing amazed
The present and past participial forms of many verbs (annoy) annoying annoyed
can function as adjectives. (bore) boring bored
(depress) depressing depressed
The past participle has a passive meaning. It can (disappoint) disappointing disappointed
usually be restated with a by phrase. (entertain) entertaining entertained
The patient is depressed [by his life]. (excite) exciting excited
Mark Branch Bruce Nelson Carla Burgess (interest) interesting interested
1 2 3 I’m bored [by this movie]. (please) pleasing pleased
The present participle does not have a passive (relax) relaxing relaxed
C 1:24 LISTEN FOR SUPPORTING INFORMATION Listen to the radio program again and meaning. It can usually be restated with an active verb. (soothe) soothing soothed
complete each statement. Then explain what the therapist does to achieve each goal. (stimulate) stimulating stimulated
That book is depressing. [It depresses everyone.] (surprise) surprising surprised
1 Mark Branch uses the arts to help patients with intellectual disabilities improve . It’s so boring. [It bores me.] (touch) touching touched
a their schoolwork b their ability to socialize (trouble) troubling troubled
2 Bruce Nelson uses the arts to help troubled teens .
a talk about their problems more easily b socialize with others more easily
G WORD STUDY PRACTICE Circle an adjective to complete each sentence.
3 Carla Burgess uses the arts to help the elderly . 1 Music can make language students feel (relaxed / relaxing).
a tell others about their problems b socialize with others
2 Drawing pictures about their problems can make patients feel less (depressed / depressing).
3 Some patients find movement therapy to be very (soothed / soothing).
D 1:25 Listen to the radio program again. Work with a partner
LISTEN TO TAKE NOTES
to define these words and phrases. 4 For patients in physical pain, the benefits of music therapy can be (surprised / surprising).

1 an intellectual disability: 5 Researchers are (amazed / amazing) that the results have been so positive.
6 Many doctors report they are (pleased / pleasing) with the progress their patients make.
2 a troubled teen:
3 a senior: 7 Many teen patients feel that drama therapy is (entertained / entertaining).

E APPLY IDEAS Read each situation. Which therapies mentioned in the radio program would H WORD STUDY PRACTICE With a partner, take turns choosing
you recommend for each situation and why? Compare and discuss your answers with a partner. a present participial adjective from Exercise F and using it in a
sentence. Your partner then creates a sentence using the past
participial form.

1 A number of humanitarian organizations have

been working with children who were forced
to become soldiers and fight in local wars. In many
2 Greenwood Hospital specializes
in helping patients who have been
in car accidents and sports- or work-
cases these children have participated in violent acts.
Their experiences make it hard to sleep or interact
related accidents. Patients struggle
with physical pain,
NOW YOU CAN Discuss the benefits of the arts
normally with others. limited movement
in arms and legs, and
A NOTEPADDING What are some benefits that music, art, dance, and theater bring to
depression. They
people’s everyday lives? With a partner, make a list and discuss. Use participial adjectives.
need emotional
support.
Benefits Examples
at work relaxes
Music can be soothing. Playing music
Mu m
people so they’re more productive.

DIGITAL
SPEAKING
BOOSTER
B GROUP WORK Present your ideas to your
class or group. Comment on your classmates’
22 UNIT 2 ideas and ask questions. 23

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 24

WRITING Parallel structure: writing words in a series DIGITAL

GAME review
A WRITING SKILL Study the rules. A 1:27 Listen to the conversations about musical preferences. Check the person who
doesn’t like the music. Then listen again and write what the person doesn’t like about it.
When listing two or more words in a series, be sure to use parallel structure. All the words, phrases, or The man The woman What he or she doesn’t like
clauses should be in the same form. Study the examples. 1 One Direction
I like dancing, painting, and singing. (All are gerunds.) 2 Vanessa-Mae
I like to dance, to paint, and to sing. (All are infinitives.)
3 Josh Groban
The picture was painted, framed, and sold. (All are passives.)
She’s a friendly, helpful, and intelligent human being. (All are adjectives.) 4 Lady Gaga
5 Antonio Carlos Jobim
If you are listing two or more infinitives, either use to with all of them or use it only with the first one.
She wants to eat, to drink, and to go to sleep. OR She wants to eat, drink, and go to sleep. B Complete the statements with an appropriate adjective from the box.
With a pair or series of nouns, either use the article with all of them, or use it only with the first one. eccentric egotistical energetic gifted moody passionate
I’m a student, a musician, and a mother. OR I’m a student, musician, and mother.
1 Sarah is a very musician. She started playing the piano when
If another word refers to all of the words in the series, you can use it with all of them or only with the first. she was three.
I don’t think I’m very interesting or very smart. OR I don’t think I’m very interesting or smart. 2 My neighbor has thirty cats. You could say he’s a bit .
I prefer people who make me laugh and who like outdoor activities. 3 Franco is an extremely person. He only thinks of himself.
OR I prefer people who make me laugh and like outdoor activities.
4 Dalia has been so lately. She gets angry at the smallest thing.
5 My brother is really . He’s always doing something productive.
B ERROR CORRECTION Find and correct the errors. 6 My boss is so about the products we sell. She really believes in them.

My personality C Check the sentences in which the present perfect continuous or present perfect are used
correctly. Correct and rewrite the incorrect sentences on a separate sheet of paper.
Some people think I am moody, a pessimistic person, and cautious, because 1 I’ve already been writing two reports for my boss this month.
I sometimes worry about the future. However, this is very surprising to
2 Kate hasn’t seen the movie Interstellar yet, but all her friends have been telling
me. What I think is that I have always been a passionate, a positive, and
her how great it is.
optimistic person. The fact that I love traveling, to meet new people, and
learning about new places proves that I don’t have a pessimistic outlook. 3 They’ve never been hearing about art therapy before.
Most of my friends find me to be energetic and imaginative. 4 Most likely, Lance studied late. His bedroom light is still on.
5 We haven’t been making reservations for our flight yet.
6 I’ll bet you’ve done the laundry. I can hear the washing machine.
C PRACTICE On a separate sheet of paper, complete each statement with the words in
parentheses, using parallel structure. Then write at least two similar sentences about your D Rewrite each statement as a cleft sentence with What.
own personality and interests. 1 Life without the arts wouldn’t be much fun.
1 I like (read, listen to music, go to movies).
2 I’ve been (teacher, stay-at-home mom, office manager). 2 I don’t like a band whose music is really commercial.
3 I enjoy (hike, ski, swim in the ocean).
4 (see new places, have new experiences, make new friends) are all reasons I like to travel. 3 The beat made everyone feel like dancing.
5 Last year I (join the volleyball team, play in ten games, win an award).
6 What energizes and relaxes me is (paint portraits, cook great meals, play my guitar). 4 I like to listen to music that has fun lyrics and a great melody.

D APPLY THE WRITING SKILL Write a paragraph describing your interests

DIGITAL
WRITING
PROCESS 5 They should go see anything that’s playing on Broadway.
and personality. Try to include at least one sentence using the present
perfect continuous and one using a cleft sentence with What. Use the
SELF-CHECK
Vocabulary from Units 1 and 2.
Does my paragraph have a topic
Web Project: Benefits of the Arts
sentence and supporting sentences? TEST-TAKING SKILLS BOOSTER p. 152 www.english.com/summit3e
Do I have a concluding sentence?
Did I use parallel structure?

24 UNIT 2 25

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 26

UNIT COMMUNICATION GOALS ENGLISH FOR TODAY’S WORLD

1 Express buyer’s remorse Understand a variety of accents.
2 Talk about financial goals and plans D 2:02 SPOTLIGHT Read and listen to a conversation between Brad = American English (standard)

Money, Finance, and You

Brad’s dad = American English (standard)
3 Discuss good and bad money management a father and son about spending. Notice the spotlighted language.
pm

4 Explain reasons for charitable giving 13:54

Brad: Dad! Check out the smart bikes! Are impulse item. They want you to
gle
Goo

they cool, or what? And there’s a place for buy it without thinking. And the
your smart phone on the handlebars so you handlebars are just a gimmick to
preview can get texts. You don’t have to look for your
phone while you’re riding!
get you to want it.
Brad: But for once, I’d like to be the
A FRAME YOUR IDEAS Take the test to learn about your personal spending style. Dad: You’ve got to be kidding. “Smart bike”? first person to have something
Circle the letter that best describes you. Sounds more like a dumb bike. Don’t tell me cool, you know?
you text while you’re riding your bike! Dad: Well, if you have your heart

SPENDING HABITS SELF-TEST

Brad: Oops. I shouldn’t have said that. set on this smart bike, then you’ll
What I meant is that I could just stop and have to save up and pay for it
take a look. yourself. But I’ll need your word
Dad: Look. Even if this were a great bike, of honor you won’t text while
1 You hear about the latest (expensive!) 2 You are invited to a birthday party 3 You discover a hole in which it isn’t, it’s way over our budget. you’re riding.
smart phone with the coolest new and know a gift is expected, but your pants. You … Look at the price—it’s astronomical! And Brad: OK. But Dad, by the time I
features. You … you’re short on cash right now. A go out and buy new pants. what’s so special about it except for the have enough money to buy a
A run to the store and stand in line to be one You … B have the pants repaired. ridiculous handlebars?—which should be smart bike myself, all my friends
of the first people to have it. A spend more on the gift than you can C fix the pants yourself. illegal in my opinion … will have already gotten theirs!
B compare prices online so you can get the afford anyway. D other Brad: Well, I could chip in part of the cost. Dad: That may be true, but Mom
best deal right away. B try to find a nice gift that’s not too I’ve saved up a little for a rainy day, like and I won’t shell out that much
C tell yourself that the price always comes expensive. you’ve always told me to. money for this bike, even if
down after a while and decide to wait. C say you are busy and don’t go, so you Dad: Hey, I’m really proud of you for not you do chip in. It’s a matter of
D other don’t have to buy a gift. principle. You know, money
spending all your money. But this isn’t a
D other
rainy day. The bike is a totally unnecessary doesn’t grow on trees.
4 You would love to have a fancy high-
tech entertainment system in your 5 You always split the restaurant E UNDERSTAND IDIOMS AND EXPRESSIONS Match the expressions from Spotlight
living room, but you just don’t have bill equally with two work with their meaning.
the money right now. You … colleagues when you eat lunch.
This time you weren’t hungry and 1 way over our budget a promise
A buy it with your credit card and hope you
find the money to pay for it later. ate very little. You … 2 astronomical b very, very high
B cut back on other expenses until you’ve A pay your usual 1/3 of the bill. 3 chip in c more than we can spend
saved enough to buy it. B offer to pay for just the small amount
you ate.
4 saved up a little for a rainy day d pay
C decide you have more important spending
priorities than buying an entertainment C ask the others to treat you, since your 5 impulse item e contribute some of the cost
system. amount was so small. 6 gimmick f kept some money in case of an emergency
D other D other
7 have your heart set on g something you buy without thinking much about it
8 word of honor h something that’s right
If you circled If you circled If you circled If you wrote your
three or more A’s: three or more B’s: three or more C’s: own answers (D) 9 shell out i a valueless feature
for three or more
You are definitely a big You’ve got a good head You are thrifty and don’t 10 matter of principle j really want
questions:
spender. on your shoulders about waste money.
money. How would you
Your motto is: Your motto is:
describe your spending F THINK AND EXPLAIN Support your answers to the questions with information from Spotlight.
Easy come, easy go. Your motto is: Waste not, want not. style?
Everything in 1 In your opinion, will Brad buy the smart bike for himself?
moderation. 2 Do you think Brad sees his dad as a big spender, thrifty, or a cheapskate? How does his dad see him?.

 SPEAKING GROUP WORK Discuss some worthless gimmicks and worthwhile features
you’ve seen promoted for the following products.
B 2:01 VOCABULARY DESCRIBING SPENDING STYLES C DISCUSSION Do you know anyone
Listen and repeat. you would call a big spender, thrifty, or a 1 an electronic product
cheapskate? Give one or more examples of 2 a personal-care product
a big spender a person who regularly spends a lot of money
that person’s behavior to support your opinion. 3 a shoe for a specific sport
thrifty careful not to spend too much money
a cheapskate a person who hates to spend money 4 another product

26 UNIT 3 27

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 28

NOSSEL
GOAL Express buyer’s remorse F UNDERSTAND THE GRAMMAR On a separate sheet of paper, rewrite the statements
and questions, changing wish or if only + the past perfect to should have or ought to have.
1 She wishes she had bought a new car. (ought to) She ought to have bought a new car.
2 Do you wish you had read the owner’s manual before
A 2:03 VOCABULARY EXPRESSING BUYER’S REMORSE
you tried to use the espresso maker? (should)
Read and listen. Then listen again and repeat.
3 We wish we had gone to a discount store instead of this fancy department store. (ought to)
4 If only I hadn’t been in such a hurry to sell my house! (should)
5 Doesn’t he wish he had taken the tutorial for his new computer? (should)
6 I wish I hadn’t bought these gimmicky basketball shoes! (should)

G PAIR WORK Read each quotation. Then take turns asking each question. Your partner
answers with a statement using wish + the past perfect.
1 Steven said, “I should have exchanged those 3 Michelle’s husband said, “You should have
shoes.” What does Steven wish? bought a convertible.” What does Michelle’s
husband wish?
It costs so much It takes up so It’s so hard It’s so hard to It just sits around 4 Clark said, “My dad should have returned the
to maintain. much room. to operate. put together. collecting dust. defective tires as soon as he read about the
2 Kate said, “I shouldn’t have tried to repair
problem in the news.” What does Clark wish?
B 2:04 LISTEN FOR DETAILS Listen to conversations about items people bought. Write this air-conditioner myself.” What does Kate
the product they’re discussing. wish? 5 The teacher told Suzanne, “The kids ought to
have taken the school bus this morning.” What
1 3 5 does Suzanne’s children’s teacher wish?
2 4

C Listen again. Pay attention to the people’s regrets. From

2:05 ACTIVATE VOCABULARY
what they say, infer the reason for the regrets, using expressions from the Vocabulary. Use
NOW YOU CAN Express buyer’s remorse
each Vocabulary expression only one time.
1 It takes up too much room. 4 A 2:06 CONVERSATION SPOTLIGHT Read and listen.
2 5 Notice the spotlighted conversation strategies.
3 A: You know, I wish I hadn’t gotten that exercise machine.
B: What do you mean?
A: Well, I hate to say it, but it’s pretty hard to operate.
DIGITAL
INDUCTIVE D GRAMMAR EXPRESSING REGRETS ABOUT THE PAST B: That’s a shame. Can you return it? • Return it.
ACTIVITY
Wish + the past perfect • Sell it.
A: It’s too late. If only I’d thought about that sooner. • Give it away.
I wish I had bought a smart bike. And I wish I hadn’t bought this car! GRAMMAR BOOSTER p. 129 B: Well, maybe you can sell it. • Give it to someone.
Do they wish they had joined a gym instead of buying that treadmill? The past unreal conditional: inverted form • Donate it.
Don’t you wish the store had had the uPhone a month ago? A: I’ll think about that. Thanks.
Why does Ann wish she had gotten the more expensive model?
B 2:07 RHYTHM AND INTONATION Listen again
Should have or ought to have + past participle and repeat. Then practice the conversation W hat did you buy?
I should have waited to buy a food processor = I ought to have waited to buy a food processor. with a partner.
Note: American English speakers use should have, not ought to have, in negative statements and in questions. Did you still have it?
C NOTEPADDING Answer the questions on the
He shouldn’t have bought the shoes in size 40. NOT He ought not to have bought the shoes in size 40.
Should you have sold your house? NOT Ought you to have sold your house?
notepad about something you regret buying. If not, w hat did you do w ith it?

If only + the past perfect

DIGITAL
VIDEO D CONVERSATION ACTIVATOR Create a W ould you ever buy a similar item
again?
Express very strong regret with If only + the past perfect. You can also use if only in DIGITAL conversation expressing regret. Use the
SPEAKING
a past unreal conditional statement and include a result clause. BOOSTER Vocabulary and the Grammar. Start like this:
You know, I wish… Be sure to change roles
If only I had bought an underwater camera! (regret: I wish I had.)
and partners. don’t stop!
If only we hadn’t bought that car! (regret: We wish we hadn’t.) • Make other suggestions about
If only I had bought an underwater camera, I would have taken pictures of the coral reef. what to do with the item.
• Accept or decline the suggestion.
• If you decline, explain why.
DIGITAL
MORE
EXERCISES
E NOTICE THE GRAMMAR Find one regret about the past in Spotlight on page 27. • Say as much as you can.

28 UNIT 3 29

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 30

NOSSEL
GOAL Talk about financial goals and plans
DIGITAL
MORE D NOTICE THE GRAMMAR Find a statement in Spotlight on page 27 with the future perfect.
EXERCISES

E GRAMMAR PRACTICE On a separate sheet of paper, use the cues to write sentences
with the future perfect.
A 2:08 GRAMMAR SPOTLIGHT Read the interview responses. Notice the spotlighted grammar. 1 By the end of this month / I / put half my paycheck in the bank.
2 By next summer / Stan / save enough to make a down payment on an apartment.
Q: Tell us about your short-term and long-term financial goals and plans. 3 Do you think you / lower / your credit card debt by December?

I find it helpful to try to 4 When / they / start / spending less than they earn?
I’ve decided to set a long-term goal
for myself—to save enough money picture where I want to
to buy a new car. By this time next be in the next few years. By F GRAMMAR PRACTICE Complete the paragraph, using perfect infinitives.
year, I’ll have put away enough next year, if I play my cards
cash for a down payment. I’m right, I figure I’ll have gotten a Ed Compton has been drowning in debt, so he has some emergency short-term goals.
optimistic that I’ll be able to afford good job as a financial consultant.
the monthly payments after that. That’s a short-term plan, I guess. By the end of the month, he a realistic budget that he can stick to.
1 intend / create
My short-term goal is to make My long-term goals? They’re still As a matter of fact, he the last payment on his car loan by October 30th.
Hana
a budget for my monthly Paul
a little up in the air, but my 2 hope / made

Sung, 28 expenses and stick to it. Drake, 24 goal is to be financially In addition, he saving 10% of his paycheck even before that. If he can stick to his
3 plan / begin
Incheon, Sydney, independent, able to retire if
South Korea Australia budget and savings plan, Mr. Compton all the money he owes within the year.
I want to, before I’m fifty. 4 expect / pay back

I’m not a big spender, but my college expenses

have been astronomical, and now I’m in debt. My G ERROR CORRECTION These sentences all have errors. On a separate sheet of paper,
salary from my part-time job helps a bit, but I still had to rewrite them correctly.
borrow money from my family, and paying back those loans 1 I expect to will earn enough money to buy a car by the end of the year.
will take some time. Here’s my plan: By this time next year, 2 Before they come back home, they will to have spent all the money they
I’ll have graduated. My immediate goal is to find a job and took with them. PRONUNCIATION
make enough money to be able to put away 10% every month, BOOSTER p. 143
3 We hope having completed our driver training by the end of the week.
which I’ll use to begin paying off the loans. After I’ve advanced Sentence rhythm: thought groups
in my career, say after four or five years, I expect to 4 By the time I’m thirty I will to be married for five years.
Sara
have started earning enough so that 10% of my salary Williams, 21
will amount to more money. I really hope to have Detroit,
USA
paid back all my loans by the time I turn thirty.
NOW YOU CAN Talk about financial goals and plans
B MAKE PERSONAL COMPARISONS Discuss the questions. A NOTEPADDING Write your short-term and long-term financial goals.
1 How are you similar to or different from any of the people in the Grammar Spotlight?
2 Do you cut back on your spending to buy something you want? Are you financially independent? long-term goals completion dates
short-term goals completion dates
Give specific examples from your own life. by the time I’m thirty
buy a racing bike by this time next year buy a house

short-term goals completion dates long-term goals completion dates

DIGITAL
INDUCTIVE C GRAMMAR COMPLETED FUTURE ACTIONS AND PLANS: THE FUTURE
ACTIVITY
PERFECT AND PERFECT INFINITIVES
Note: These are some
Use the future perfect to indicate an action that will be completed by a specified time in the expressions that commonly
future. It’s common to state the particular time somewhere in the sentence. Form the future accompany statements in
perfect with will have or won’t have + a past participle. You can contract will. the future perfect:
before / after [May 15]
By the time Cleo gets her visa, she will have waited for two years. on / by [Tuesday]
I’ll have finished paying for my car before the end of the year. by the time [she arrives]
They won’t have eaten lunch before 2:00. in the next [month]
Will she have finished work by 9:00? (Yes, she will. / No, she won’t.) DIGITAL
VIDEO B DISCUSSION ACTIVATOR Discuss your financial goals with a partner, using Ideas
information from your notepad. Make statements in the future perfect and • be financially independent
Use a perfect infinitive after hope, expect, intend, or plan to indicate that an action will statements with hope, expect, plan, and • be out of debt
or might take place before a specified time in the future. Form the perfect infinitive with A year from now I’ll have • cut back on spending
intend with perfect infinitives. Say as much
to have + past participle. paid back my loans. • create a realistic budget
as you can. Be sure to change roles and
By this time next year, I plan to have saved enough cash to buy a car. GRAMMAR BOOSTER p. 130 then partners. • stick to a budget
They intend to have completed their studies by June 10th. • The future continuous By the time I graduate, I hope to have • start saving money
• The future perfect continuous saved enough to buy a new car.
Do you expect to have paid back your loans in the next year? (Yes, I do. / No, I don’t.)
30 UNIT 3 31