Three Process Cycle

6.44/p.198 – Burghardt
A three-process cycle operating with nitrogen as the working substance has constant temperature
compression 1 – 2 (T1 = 40 oC, p1 = 110 kPaa), constant volume heating 2 – 3, and polytropic
expansion 3 – 1 (n = 1.35). The isothermal compression requires -67 kJ/kg of work. Determine
(a) p, T, and v around the cycle; (b) the heats in and out; (c) the net work.

Given: a three-process cycle with nitrogen as working substance

process 1 – 2: T = C (compression)
T1 = 40 oC + 273 = 313 K
p1 = 110 kPaa
process 2 – 3: V = C (heating)
process 3 – 1: pVn = C (expansion, with n = 1.35)
W1-2 = -67 kJ/kg

Required:
(a) p, T, and v around the cycle?
(b) Qin = ?
Qout = ?
(c) Wnet = ?

Solution:

p
3

V=C

2
pVn =C

T=C
1

For nitrogen,
R = 0.299 66 kJ/kg-K
cv = 0.744 2 kJ/kg-K
cp = 1.041 4 kJ/kg-K

(a) Process 1 – 2: isothermal compression (T = C)

 v1 =
RT1
=
( 0.299 66
kN −m
kg−K
( 313 K ))
( 110 kNm )
p1
2

3
m
v1 =0.853
kg
2 2
dv v2
W 1−2=∫ pdv=C ∫
2
=C [ ln v ]1 =p 1 v 1 ln
1 1 v v1

kJ
−67
v W kg
ln 2 = 1−2 =

)( )
v 1 p1 v 1
( 110
kN
m
2
0.853
m3
kg

v2
ln =−0.714 06
v1

( )
3
m ( −0.714 06 )
v 2= 0.853 e
kg

3
m
v 2=0.417
kg

p1 v 1= p2 v 2

( 0.853 )
p2=( 110 kPaa )
( 0.417 )

p2=225 kPaa

T 2=T 1=313 K

Process 2 – 3: isometric heating (V = C)

m3
v 2=v 3=0.417
kg
Use the polytropic relationship to solve for p3.

p3 v n3= p1 v n1
 ( )
n
v1
( )
1.35
0.853
p3 = p1 =( 110 kPaa )
v3 0.417

p3=289 kPaa

T3 p3
=
T2 p2

T 3=( 313 K ) ( 289

225 )

T 3=398 K

(b) For the heat in and out through the cycle:

Process 1 – 2: T = C;

Q1−2=∆u 1−2 +W 1−2 =c v ( T 2−T 1 ) +W 1−2

kJ
Q1−2=−67
kg
Process 2 – 3: V = C;
Q2−3=c v ( T 3−T 2 )+ W 2−3

(
Q2−3= 0.744 2
kJ
kg−K )
( 398−313 ) K

kJ
Q2−3=63.3
kg

Process 3 – 1: pV1.35 = C;

[ ]
1 1 −n+1 1
v
W 3−1=∫ pdv=C ∫ v dv=C −n

3 3
−n+1 3

1
W 3−1=
1−n
( [
p 1 v 1 )( v 1 ) −( p3 v 3 )( v 3 )
n −n+1 n −n+ 1
]

W 3−1=
1
1−n
[ p1 v 1 − p3 v 3 ] =
1
1−1.35
[ (110 )( 0.853 ) −( 289 ) ( 0.417 ) ] kN2
m ( )( )
m3
kg

kJ
W 3−1=76.2
kg

Q3−1=c v ( T 1−T 3) + W 3−1

 (
Q3−1= 0.744 2
kJ
kg−K )
( 313−398 ) K +76.2
kJ
kg

kJ
Q3−1=12.9
kg

Q¿ =Q2−3+ Q3−1=63.3+12.9

kJ
Q¿ =76.2
kg

kJ
Qout =Q1−2 =−67
kg
(c) For the net work,

W net =∑ W =W 1−2 +W 2−3 +W 3−1

W net =−67 +0+76.2

kJ
W net =9.2
kg

6.46/p.198
An insulated tank initially evacuated with a volume of 3 m3 is charged with helium from a
constant temperature supply line at 300 K and 1 000 kPaa. If the final tank pressure is 900 kPaa,
determine the final helium temperature.

Given: an insulated tank that is empty and is charged with He (k = 1.666)

V = 3 m3
TL = 300 K
pL = 1 000 kPaa
p2 = 900 kPaa (tank)

Required:
T2 = ?

Solution:
For charging a tank,
T 2=k T L

T 2=( 1.666 ) ( 300 K )

T 2=499.8 K
6.48/p. 198
An adiabatic tank contains 2 kg of air at 3 000 kPaa and 325 K. The tank is discharged until the
pressure reaches 500 kPaa. Determine (a) the mass remaining; (b) the final tank temperature.

Given: an adiabatic tank containing air

m1 = 2 kg
p1 = 3 000 kPaa
T1 = 325 kPaa
p2 = 500 kPaa (due to discharging some of the air)

Required:
(a) m2 = ? (remaining mass)
(b) T2 = ? (final tank temperature)
Solution:
(a) For discharging a tank, the mass and pressure are related by the equation:

( )
1
m2 p 2 k
=
m1 p 1

( )
1
500
m2=( 2 kg ) 1.4
3 000

m2=0.556 kg

(b) For the final temperature T2,

( )
k−1
T 2 m2
=
T 1 m1

( )
1.4 −1
0.556
T 2=( 325 K )
2

T 2=194.8 K