Relationship of Connective Tissue Dysplasia and Hy
Relationship of Connective Tissue Dysplasia and Hy
Relationship of Connective Tissue Dysplasia and Hy
3, 2012
OLTINOY YAKUBOVA
Andijan Medical State Institute, Uzbekistan
We studied the relationship of connective tissue state with magnesium and hydroxyproline levels in blood and urine of
young women with primary dysmenorrhea. Study showed that in girls with dysmenorrhea and phenomena of connective
tissue dysplasia hydroxyproline level in urine was increased which was associated with increased degradation of collagen
and decreased level of magnesium in blood serum. This should be noted in differentiated approach to the treatment of
dysmenorrhea.
Pain as a sensation of affection is a common cause of referring of young patients to a gynecologist, although painful
menstruation is often regarded by girls as natural condition. According to Uvarova et al. (2003), dysmenorrhea is
observed in 3152% of girls and in some of them leads not only to disability, but also to changes in psychosomatic
status.
Dysmenorrhea is a cyclically recurring polyetiological neuroendocrine syndrome which significantly reduces activity of
girls during menstruation until it complete loss, determining the relevance of studying the issue.
■ ISSN 18045804 ■
■ ISSN 18045804 ■
Several researchers defined dysmenorrhea as one of many manifestations of connective tissue dysmorphism which is
most often based on congenital or acquired longterm deficiency of intracellular magnesium (Kadurina, 2000; Stepura,
1999). Usually patients complain of stitching and drawing pains in the heart, without irradiation, arrhythmias, irritability,
disturbed nocturnal sleep, autonomic crises, many fear, fatigue, impaired sweating, unreasonable fallings, frequent
dizziness with a sharp rising in the morning, and vascular disorders in legs. These complaints previously were
considered as only dysfunction of the autonomic nervous system. However, the experience of physicians, cardiologists
and rheumatologists shows the close relationship of such manifestations with congenital or acquired longterm
deficiency of intracellular magnesium. Thus, in patients with dysmenorrhea biochemical study of blood performed by
Uvarova et al. (2003) for electrolyte levels confirmed the lack of magnesium in blood serum of 70% of patients.
Connective tissue dysplasia (CTD) is a congenital anomaly caused by the disruption of the structure of fibrous
component (collagen) or basic substance, and is manifested in the reduction of its strength. This is a constitutional
weakness of connective tissue. Collagen defects may be associated with the interaction between genetic and
environmental factors. Intrapelvic fascia is continually responding to mechanical stress, metabolism, hormonal and
neurological activities (Radzinsky, 2006). In addition to the abovementioned factors, changes in mineral homeostasis,
mainly calcium and magnesium, have particular importance in the genesis of dysmenorrhea. Recent studies by
Gromova (2006) and Kadurina (2000) indicate the presence of estrogen and progesterone receptors in the cells of the
vaginal epithelium, connective tissue, striated muscles of the pelvic floor and round ligament of the uterus.
The purpose of our study was to establish the relationship of connective tissue state with magnesium and
hydroxyproline levels in blood and urine of young women with primary dysmenorrhea.
The study included 64 patients complaining of painful menstruations. All the girls were aged between 1317 years old
with manifestations of connective tissue dysplasia and without it. Control group consisted of 25 girls with normal
menstruations. Group I included 30 girls with moderately significant dysplasia of connective tissue (10 to 16 points).
Group II consisted of 34 women with no clinical signs of connective tissue dysplasia.
Symptoms of connective tissue dysplasia were identified using the Yakovlev point scale (1992). It included the following
criteria of connective tissue dysplasia:
Ÿ minor signs (1 point): asthenic body type or insufficient body weight, muscle hypotonia and low manometry,
flattening of the arch, tendency to easy bruising, increased tissue bleeding, vegetovascular dysfunction,
arrhythmias and conduction of the heart (ECG);
Ÿ major signs (2 points): scoliosis, kyphosis, kyphoscoliosis, IIIII degree platypodia, elastosis of the skin, joint
hypermotility, tendency to dislocation, sprain ligaments of the joints, susceptibility to allergic reactions and colds,
previous tonsillectomy, varicose veins, hemorrhoids, biliary dyskinesia, impaired evacuation of the gastrointestinal
tract (GIT), genital prolapse, and hernia in first line relatives;
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RELATIONSHIP OF CONNECTIVE TISSUE DYSPLASIA AND HYPOMAGNESEMIA IN GENESIS OF JUVENILE DYSMENORRHEA
Ÿ severe manifestations and conditions that led to surgery or have indications for them, and changes in anatomic
relationships leading to organ dysfunction (3 points): hernia; splanchoptosis, varicose veins and hemorrhoids
(surgery), chronic venous insufficiency with trophic disorders ; habitual dislocation of joints and sprains more than 2
joints, gastrointestinal disturbances in motor function confirmed by laboratory methods of research; diverticulitis,
dolichosigmoid, polyvalent allergy, and severe anaphylactic reactions.
The total score in mild severity (less significant) was up 9 points, average severity (moderately significant) from 10 to
16, and severe (significant) 17 points and more, accordingly. The severity of dysmenorrhea was revealed by the
subjective assessment of pain on the pain visualanalogue scale. The state of connective tissue was studied by
determining the daily excretion of metabolites of connective tissue hydroxyproline in the daily urine by the Stepura
method (1999).
Determination of magnesium in blood serum was carried out on the device spectrofluorimeter type AF610
(ARAYLEIGHL TD Shanghais ANTAI Diagnostics Co, LTD) with sets of test systems BioLab (Russia).
Statistical data processing and verification of the results was based on the definition of equality of the expectations of
random variables by ttest evaluation.
Table shows results of the study of magnesium and hydroxyproline levels in blood and urine of girls with dysmenorrhea,
depending on the severity of connective tissue dysplasia.
Table 1: Magnesium and hydroxyproline levels in blood and urine of girls with dysmenorrhea, depending on the severity
of connective tissue dysplasia, M±m
Index Normal
With connective tissue Without connective tissue
dysplasia values dysplasia
Mild Moder Severe Mild Moderate Severe
degree ate degree degree severe degree
severe degree
degree
Hydroxyproline in urine, mmol/L 18,896± 45,4± 41,48± 57,0± 10,2± 12,75± 13,43±
1,104 19,8 9,52* 16,8* 2,3 3,35* 3,27*
Magnesium in blood plasma,mcg/mL 1,05± 0,7±0,2 0,6±0,1* 0,5±0, 0,9±0, 0,8±0,1* 0,7±
0,25 2* 2 0,1*
Source: Author, Note: * P<0.05
In girls with dysmenorrhea magnesium level in blood plasma is varied depending on the presence or absence of signs of
connective tissue dysplasia. In group of girls with dysmenorrhea and phenomena of connective tissue dysplasia magnesium
level in plasma decreased from 0.7±0.2 to 0.5±0.2 mg/ml (p<0.05), whereas in the second group magnesium level remained
within the normal range from 0.7±0.1 up to 0.9±0.2 mg/ml (p<0.05).
Magnesium deficiency leads to a change in the pelvic hemodynamics as hypertension and vasospasm. The synthesis of
all currently known neuropeptides in the brain, including the enkephalins and endorphins that mitigate the perception of
pain by receptors of nerve cells occurs at the obligatory participation of magnesium (Walker et al., 1998). This may explain
the presence of symptoms of pain in dysmenorrhea, when the synthesis of opioid neuropeptides is not sufficient to ensure
the reduction of pain threshold with desquamation of the functional layer of the endometrium.
As for the level of hydroxyproline in urine, it significantly increased in the first group of girls, depending on the severity of
dysmenorrhea, and in the second group it level remained within the permissible concentration. Consequently, women with
dysmenorrhea and signs of connective tissue dysplasia found increased hydroxyproline level in urine which is associated
with increased degradation of collagen and decreased content of magnesium in blood serum. This is also shows the
connective tissue dysplasia.
Connective tissue dysplasia plays the major role in the pathogenesis of primary dysmenorrhea. Underestimation of the
state of connective tissue leads to increase in the frequency of relapses in violation of the reproductive function. The main
objective of drug therapy for strengthen connective tissue is filling of deficiency of various components involved in the
synthesis of collagen, correction of metabolic disorders, stimulation of collagen formation and stabilization of
glycosaminoglycans. In the presence of connective tissue dysplasia we recommend to use a differentiated approach to
the treatment of dysmenorrhea in girls which should include the use of magnesium and vitamin B6 in the second phase of
the menstrual cycle.
Gromova, O.A., 2006. "Magnesium and pyridoxine: basis of knowledge", Moscow, in Russian, pp. 176.
Radzinsky, V.E., 2006, "Perineology", Moscow, in Russian, pp. 64124.
Kadurina, T.I., 2000. "Hereditary collagenopathies" (clinical picture, diagnosis, treatment and medical examination), St. Petersburg, Russia.
Stepura, O.B., 1999. "The use of magnesium salt of orotic acid in patients with idiopathic mitral valve prolapsed", Proceedings of the IV
Russian National Congress "Chelovek I Lekarstvo", Moscow, in Russian, pp. 185195.
Uvarova, Y.V., Gaynova, I.G., 2003. "A differentiated approach to diagnosis and treatment of dysmenorrhea in young women", J. Gynecology,
Vol. 4 (5), pp. 151157, in Russian.
Yakovlev, V.M., Nechayeva G.I., 1994. "Cardiorespiratory syndrome in connective tissue dysplasia", Omsk, in Russian.
Walker A.F. et al., 1998. "Magnesium Supplementation Alleviates Premenstrual Symptoms of Fluid Retention", Journal of Women's health,
Vol. 7 (9), pp. 11571165.
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