Education and Learning

3.
EDUCATION AND LEARNING
I. What are the qualities that make a good teacher? What about a good student?
II. In groups, discuss about the importance of formal and non-formal education in one’s
development.
III. Read the following text and answer the questions:
Education in the largest sense is any act or experience that has a formative effect on the mind,
character or physical ability of an individual. In its technical sense, education is the process by which
society deliberately transmits its accumulated knowledge, skills and values from one generation to
another.
Etymologically, the word education is derived from educare (Latin) "bring up", which is related
to educere "bring out", "bring forth what is within", "bring out potential".
Teachers in educational institutions direct the education of students and might focus on many
subjects, including reading, writing, mathematics, science and history. This process is sometimes called
schooling. There is also education in fields for those who want specific vocational skills, such as those
required to be a pilot. In addition there is an array of education possible at the informal level, such as in
museums and libraries, with the Internet and in life experience. Many non-traditional education options
are now available and continue to evolve.
A right to education has been created and recognized by some jurisdictions: since 1952, Article
2 of the first Protocol to the European Convention on Human Rights obliges all signatory parties to
guarantee the right to education. At world level, the United Nations' International Covenant on
Economic, Social and Cultural Rights of 1966 guarantees this right under its Article 13.
Primary (or elementary) education, coming after pre-primary education, consists of the first
years of formal, structured education. In general, primary education consists of eight to nine years of
schooling, starting at the age of five or six, although this varies between different countries. Globally,
around 89% of primary-age children are enrolled in primary education and this proportion is rising.
Under the Education for All programs driven by UNESCO, most countries have committed to
achieving universal enrolment in primary education by 2015 and, in many countries, it is compulsory
for children to receive primary education.
The division between primary and lower secondary education is somewhat arbitrary, but it
generally occurs at about eleven years of age. Schools that provide these two types of education are
mostly referred to as elementary schools.
In most contemporary educational systems of the world, upper secondary education (high
school) comprises the formal education that occurs during adolescence. It is characterized by transition
from the typically compulsory, comprehensive education to the optional, selective tertiary, "post-
secondary", or "higher" education. Schools for this period are generally called high schools. The exact
boundary between primary, lower secondary and upper secondary education varies from country to
country.
Tertiary education, including higher education and post-secondary education, is the non-
compulsory educational level that follows the completion of a school providing a secondary education.
Colleges and universities are the main institutions that provide tertiary education. Collectively, these
are sometimes known as tertiary institutions. Tertiary education generally results in the receipt of
certificates, diplomas or academic degrees.
Higher education includes teaching, research and social services activities of universities, and
within the realm of teaching, it includes both the undergraduate level and the graduate (or
postgraduate) level. Higher education generally involves work towards a degree-level or foundation
degree qualification. In most developed countries a high proportion of the population (up to 50%) now
enter higher education at some time in their lives. Higher education is therefore very important to
national economies, both as a significant industry in its own right, and as a source of trained and
educated personnel for the rest of the economy.
1. What is the etymology of the word “education”?

2. How is the right to education guaranteed?
3. What is the first level of education called?
4. Is primary education compulsory in Europe?
5. What is secondary education?
6. What does tertiary education include?
7. What are the levels comprised within higher education?
IV. Listen to the following presentation and answer the questions:

1. What is the official name of our university?
2. When was the University of Brasov founded?
3. When was the current name given to the university?
4. What kind of programme did the university launch in 2012?
5. How many Faculties are there in the university?
6. How many students are there in the university?
7. Name the education levels within the university.
8. When was the Research Institute of the university founded?
9. Who is the Rector of the University?
10. When do we celebrate Transilvania University Day?
V. Choose the correct answer(s):

1. Helen’s parents were very pleased when they read her school ………..
a. report; b. papers; c. diploma; d. account.
2. Martin has quite a good …………….of physics.
a. result; b. pass; c. understanding; d. head.
3. In Britain, children start ………………school at the age of five.
a. kindergarten; b. secondary; c. nursery; d. primary.
4. Mary has a ……………..…in French from Leeds University.
a. certificate; b. degree; c. mark; d. paper.
5. My favourite ……………...at school was Mathematics.
a. topic; b. class; c. theme; d. subject.
6. The head of a school is called a ………….………
a. director; b. principal; c. diligent; d. professor.
7. The teacher ………………some difficult exercises for homework.
a. set; b. put; c. obliged; d. made.
8. Before you begin the exam paper, always read the ……….…….carefully.
a. orders; b. instructions; c. rules; d. answers.
9. If you want to …….. the examination, you must study thoroughly.
a. take; b. bring; c. past; d. pass.
10. Most students have quite a good sense of their own ………..…….
a. grasp; b. ability; c. idea; d. information.
11. Jack decided to ……………..a course in education sciences.
a. make; b. take; c. attend.
12. Sheila has always got good …………..in algebra.
a. marks; b. points; c. notes.
13. My sister ………………..me how to draw.
a. learned; b. taught; c. teaching.
14. Martin …………….his exam and had to take it again.
a. failed; b. failure; c. missed.
15. If you have any questions, ……………your hand.
a. raise; b. rise; rose.
VI. Make up new words from the words given, so as to fill in the gaps in the following
sentences:
1. LEARN
 He was considered one of the most ………………. men of his times.
 The current pandemic has offered students new …………….. experiences, which could
be turned into opportunities.
2. LITERATE
 Excellent computer ………………….. comes first in this employer’s requirements.
 Many people in third-world countries remain ………….. .
3. DROP
 The rate of student …………….. at higher education level is much more significant in
developing countries than in developed ones.
 In order to get the right answer, I advise you to go to the …………… centre downtown.
4. SCHOOL
 One hundred years ago, most of the people in our country had very little ……………….
 I have a lot of ……………… for tomorrow. It will take me a few hours to finish it.
5. RESIDE
 John lived in a hall of ……………. first, but then, in his second year, he rented a house
with some other students.
 We met in the USA, but we are both ………………. of the same small town in
Romania.
VII. Match the phrases on the left with their explanation on the right. Then introduce them
into appropriate contexts:
1. to have a tutorial a. the average of a student’s grades over a

period of time
2. to take a degree b. obtain qualification in a particular field
3. to hit the books c. to receive a sum of money given by a
government or other organization for
educational purposes
4. to graduate with honours d. a sum of money paid for instruction
5. to put one’s thinking cap on e. a designation referring to graduates’
performance
6. to cram for end-of-term exams f. an acronym for the fields of science,
technology, engineering and math
7. to do a Ph.D. g. to study or review academic materials
8. GPA h. to seriously and hardly think about

something
9. to get a grant i. be enrolled in a high-level university degree,
conducting original and advanced research,
synthesized in a thesis
10. tuition fee j. an acronym for social sciences, humanities
and arts
11. STEAM k. to have a class that provides instruction in a
particular area
12. SSHA l. to study hastily for an examination
VIII. Think about the school system in our country and consider your experience of
education. Discuss in small groups and then give a short presentation, taking the
following questions as guidelines.
•What age do children begin school?

•What age does compulsory education end?
•What time do schools begin and end?
•What are the different school stages called?
•What subjects are taught at what ages?
•Do students have to pay to attend university?
•What are the fields the most searched for in higher education?

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3.

EDUCATION AND LEARNING

1. What is the etymology of the word “education”?

IV. Listen to the following presentation and answer the questions:

V. Choose the correct answer(s):

1. to have a tutorial a. the average of a student’s grades over a

8. GPA h. to seriously and hardly think about

•What age do children begin school?

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