Test 22

Question 1:
Incorrect
Scenario: You are creating a report for Avenger Security sales department that retrieves data
from a sales database. They only want sales data from between January 01, 2021 and July 01,
2021.
What would be used to do this?

Advanced Properties using SELECT dates.

Parameters Properties using a WHERE clause.
(Correct)

Dataset Value Properties Options using SELECT * FROM sales.customers HAVING date BETWEEN 01/01/2021 TO
07/01/2021

Dataset Value Filters using SELECT * FROM sales.customers HAVING date BETWEEN 01/01/2021 TO 07/01/2021
(Incorrect)
Explanation
In the scenario where you are creating a report that retrieves data from a sales database. You only
want sales data from between a begin date and an end date. In this case, you would create two
parameters and then modify the dataset query to include those parameters in the WHERE clause of
the query. Your first step in this situation is to add a parameter.
Here is a walkthrough of the scenario to see how parameters are used:
To create a report in Power BI, you must add a visual to the design surface, similar to what you
would do in Power BI Desktop. Select the Insert tab from the ribbon at the top to see your
options for adding a visual.
For the purposes of this example, a table visual has been added to the design surface.
When you select the Table drop-down menu, you can choose from two options: Insert
Table or Table Wizard. Select Insert Table.
You can now draw a table on the design surface. From the Report data window, drag fields
from the dataset to the table on the design surface.
When you have finished, notice that the field is added to the lower portion of the table in the
square brackets. The header will also be added. You can rename or apply formatting to the
headers, such as bolding or underlining the text.
To test this simple report, select the Run button from the Home tab in the ribbon.
The report will run and display actual data in the table.
Notice that some items have changed in the report: a title was entered at the top, table headers
were renamed and are in bold font, and a background colour was selected on the header. These
changes were implemented to help make using the report easier for the report reader.
If you want to return to the design surface, select the Design button.

Another aspect of creating a report is to add a parameter. Parameters can be used for different
reasons, for example, when you want the user to enter information that displays on a visual on
the report. The most popular reason to add a parameter is to affect which data is retrieved from
the data source.
In the scenario where you are creating a report that retrieves data from a sales database. You only
want sales data from between a begin date and an end date. In this case, you would create two
parameters and then modify the dataset query to include those parameters in the WHERE clause of
the query. Your first step in this situation is to add a parameter.
Add parameters
To add a parameter, right-click Parameters and select Add Parameter. The Report Parameter

Properties dialog box opens.
On the General tab, name the parameter, select the data type, and then choose the prompt that
the user will see.
1. In Name, type a name for the parameter or accept the default name.
2. In Prompt, type text to appear next to the parameter text box when the user runs the report.
3. In Data type, select the data type for the parameter value.
4. If the parameter can contain a blank value, select Allow blank value.
5. If the parameter can contain a null value, select Allow null value.
6. To allow a user to select more than one value for the parameter, select Allow multiple values.
7. Set the visibility option.

• To show the parameter on the toolbar at the top of the report, select Visible.
• To hide the parameter so that it does not display on the toolbar, select Hidden.
• To hide the parameter and protect it from being modified on the report server after the report is
published, select Internal. The report parameter can then only be viewed in the report definition.
For this option, you must set a default value or allow the parameter to accept a null value.
8. Select OK.
On the Available Values tab, enter options that the user can choose from. The Default
Values tab has the initial value of the parameter when the report loads, but it can be changed by
the user.
You can also get parameter values from a query. For more information, see the Microsoft
documentation on parameters.
After you have created a parameter, you can use it to interact with the report. If you return to the
dataset, you can connect that parameter with the query.
The parameter reference starts with the at (@) symbol. Add the parameter name to the query
text. Now, when the report refreshes, the data will be pulled from the data source according to
the WHERE clause and the parameter value.
https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/power-bi/report-server/quickstart-create-paginated-report
Question 2: Incorrect
Identify the missing word(s) in the following sentence within the context of Microsoft.
[?] will take two tables and combine it into one query. The combined query will have more rows
while keeping the same number of columns.

Merge
(Incorrect)

Combine Column

Transform Data

Append
(Correct)

Model Data
Explanation
Append will take two tables and combine it into one query. The combined query will have more
rows while keeping the same number of columns.
https://powerbi.microsoft.com/en-us/blog/best-practice-rules-to-improve-your-models-
performance/
Question 3: Correct
How do you use an inactive relationship in a single measure?

Delete one relationship.

Use the USERELATIONSHIP function.
(Correct)

Use the contingent function IF … THEN.

Change the active relationship in the Modelling tab.
Explanation
This function will change which relationship is used in a single measure.
The USERELATIONSHIP DAX function allows you to override default behaviour.
Consider the following data model example.

The preceding screenshot shows an established relationship between the Date and
OrderDate columns, as shown by the highlighted line connecting the two. The solid line
between the two tables indicates that it is the active relationship, meaning that by default, any
slicing on the date table where measures in the Sales data are being displayed will be along
the OrderDate column. A dashed relationship exists between the Date and ShipDate columns,
indicating that it is the inactive relationship. This relationship will never be used unless explicitly
declared in a measure.
The goal is to build the following report, where you have two visuals: Sales by Ship
Date and Sales by Order Date.
These visuals show the sales over time, but the first visual is by order date and the second is by
ship date so, though they are both dates, a different data point is associated with them to get both
sets of data on the same visual.
To create this calculated measure for Sales by Ship Date, you can use the DAX
function USERELATIONSHIP(). This function is used to specify a relationship to be used in a specific
calculation and is done without overriding any existing relationships. It is a beneficial feature in
that it allows developers to make additional calculations on inactive relationships by overriding
the default active relationship between two tables in a DAX expression, as shown in the
following example:
Sales by Ship Date = CALCULATE(Sales[TotalPrice], USERELATIONSHIP('Calendar'[Date],

Sales[ShipDate]))
https://powerbidocs.com/2020/12/23/dax-userelationship-function/
Question 4: Correct
Select the common flow of activity in Power BI?

Bring data into Power BI Desktop and create a report, share it to the Power BI service, view and interact with reports and
dashboards in the service and Power BI mobile.
(Correct)

Create a report in the Power BI service, share it to Power BI mobile, interact with it in Power BI Desktop.

Bring data into Power BI mobile, create a report, then share it to Power BI Desktop.

Create a report in Power BI mobile, share it to the Power BI Desktop, view and interact in the Power BI service.
Explanation
The Power BI service lets you view and interact with reports and dashboards, but doesn't let you
shape data.
https://powerbi.microsoft.com/
Question 5: Correct
Scenario: You are conducting a workgroup session while working as a consultant at Wayne
Enterprises. Currently, you are meeting with Fred Stickley and discussing SQL Server Analysis
connectivity with a Multidimensional database structure. Fred states the best way to import data
is to use Get Data → SQL Server Analysis to import data to Power BI.
Is Fred correct?

No
(Correct)

Yes
Explanation
With Power BI Desktop, there are two ways you can connect to and get data from your SQL
Server Analysis Services tabular models: Explore by using a live connection or select items and
import them into Power BI Desktop.
To connect to a tabular model
1. In Power BI Desktop, on the Home tab, select Get Data → More → Database.
2. Select SQL Server Analysis Services database, and then select Connect.

3. In the SQL Server Analysis Services database window, enter the Server name, choose a
connection mode, and then select OK.
4. This step in the Navigator window depends on the connection mode you selected:
• If you’re connecting live, select a tabular model or perspective.
• If you chose to select items and get data, select a tabular model or perspective, and then select a
particular table or column to load. To shape your data before loading, select Edit Queries to
open Power Query Editor. When you’re ready, select Load to import the data into Power BI
Desktop.
https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/power-bi/connect-data/desktop-analysis-services-tabular-data
Scenario: You have been hired as a consultant by the Daily Bugle to oversee a Power BI project.
This project is focused inventory data.
Required: Create a column chart that displays Quantity by Colour and can be drilled down to
show Quantity by Stock item.
Which of the following can used to fulfill the requirement? (Select all that apply)

Put Colour on the axis and Stock item on the Legend.

Create a Stock Item hierarchy that includes Colour and Stock item and use the hierarchy on the axis.
(Correct)

Put Colour on the axis and Stock item on Tooltips.

Put Colour and Stock item on the axis.
(Correct)
Explanation
One of the cool features in Power BI is that it allows you to create your own hierarchies. When a
visual has a hierarchy, it enables the ability to drill-down for additional relevant details. Creating
a Stock Item hierarchy that includes Colour and Stock item and use the hierarchy on the axis and
putting colour and Stock item on the axis will allow for drilling down in the hierarchy.
https://stoneridgesoftware.com/creating-hierarchies-in-power-bi/
Putting Colour on the axis and Stock item on Tooltips will not allow you to see stock item names
in the visual.
Putting Colour on the axis and Stock item on the Legend will not allow you to drill-down on the
stock items.
Use hierarchies
A hierarchy is a structure in which groups are ranked one above the other according to a specific
status. Think of your own organizational hierarchy, where the CEO is at the top level, then
managers in the middle level, and employees at the lower level. Similarly, you'll likely have
hierarchies for your data in Power BI. For example, you could have a time hierarchy with levels
such as year, quarter, month, and day, or a product hierarchy with levels such as category,
subcategory, and product.
Regarding dates, Power BI creates hierarchies for you automatically. When you select the
hierarchy in the Fields pane, the date hierarchy is added to the Axis field on
the Visualizations pane and a blank visual is created for you, which is ready for additional
fields. The hierarchy icons are located above the visual, as illustrated in the following image.
When you add another field to the visual, the visual becomes useful, and you can then use the
hierarchy icons to navigate through the hierarchy. Power BI creates a predefined drill path for the
data. In the following image, the Gross Sales field was added to the visual and you can see the
data at the highest level (year). Then, when the Expand all down one level in the
hierarchy button was selected, the hierarchy was expanded down by one level (quarter). If you
were to select the button again, the visual would update to display the next lower level in the
hierarchy (month), and so on.
Another navigation option is the Go to the next level in the hierarchy button. When you select
either hierarchy option, select the Drill up button to move back up the hierarchy.
The default date hierarchy feature in Power BI is quick and simple to use. However, if you have
your own date table, you can use it to create the hierarchy instead. In the following image,
the Year, Month, Quarter, and Day fields were added to the Axis field well on
the Visualizations pane. The data result is the same as the default hierarchy, so you can navigate
through the hierarchy in the same way.
You can also predefine the hierarchy path for your report users to remove any guesswork. For
example, you might want to prevent users from viewing a particular hierarchy level. To do so,
remove all fields from the Axis well and then, in the Fields pane, right-click the field that you
want to set as the top level of the hierarchy and select New hierarchy. The new hierarchy
displays in the list in the Fields pane. You can now drag and drop other fields into the new
hierarchy or right-click each field and select Add to hierarchy.
Ensure that your visual is selected, and then select the New hierarchy field in the Fields pane to
apply it to the visual.
You can use the hierarchy buttons above the visual to expand the hierarchy and drill back up
again.
https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/javascript/api/overview/powerbi/embedding-basic-interactions
Question 7: Correct
Scenario: You have been hired as a consultant by Cobalt Chemical to oversee a Power BI
project. This project is focused sales and expense data.
You hold a meeting with the project team and are discussing the formatting for a Stacked bar
chart. Currently, the months are sorted alphabetically but the sales team wants them to be sorted
by month number.
How can this be achieved?

Modelling → Select Month Column → Sort By – MonthNumber
(Correct)

Click on the ellipses on Top Right corner of visual → Sort By → MonthNumber

Right-click on Field in report view and select Sort By, then select MonthNumber

All of the options are valid
Explanation
See the stacked bar chart below. The x axis represents the total of the revenue categories for each
Cobalt Chemical, and the y axis is each Conference. The bar charts are coloured by type of
revenue. By default, Power BI orders the categories within the bars alphabetically. The legend
represents this same order (outlined in red).
If you click on the ellipses on the top right of this chart element you will see a Sort By option
along with the fields that you can sort by. Unfortunately, this only applies to the y axis in this
chart type. So select Sort By and choosing Revenue will sort the NCAA Conferences on the left
hand side by Revenue. This will not change the sorting of the categories within the bars.
Select the months column and in the modelling tab ,select sort by column.
https://tessellationtech.io/custom-sorting-in-power-bi/
Question 8: Correct
Is it possible to create a relationship between two columns if they are different DATA TYPE
columns?

Yes, the above is fully supported in latest version of Power BI desktop.

Yes, if cardinality of the relationship is set to One-to-Many.

No, both columns in a relationship must be sharing the same DATA TYPE.
(Correct)

Yes, if cardinality of the relationship is set to Many-to-Many.
Explanation
No, it is not possible to create a relationship between two columns if they are different DATA
TYPE columns. Both columns in a relationship must be sharing the same DATA TYPE.
https://dankinsella.blog/create-a-relationship-with-multiple-columns-in-power-bi/
Question 9: Correct
There are many features in Power BI Desktop to make your report more compelling, interactive,
and simpler for users to navigate.
Which feature is best described by:
“Capture the currently configured view of a report page so you can quickly return to that view
later. Use these for different reasons such as:
• Use them to keep track of your own progress when creating reports
• Build a PowerPoint-like presentation that goes through the sections in order, thereby telling a
story with your report”

Bookmarks
(Correct)

Buttons

Tooltip

Visuals

Selections
Explanation
You can use the Bookmarks, Buttons, and Selections features in Power BI Desktop to make
your report more compelling, interactive, and simpler for users to navigate.
• Bookmarks - Capture the currently configured view of a report page so you can quickly return
to that view later. You can use bookmarks for different reasons. For example, you can use them
to keep track of your own progress when creating reports. You can also use them to build a
PowerPoint-like presentation that goes through the bookmarks in order, thereby telling a story
with your report.
• Buttons - Create a more interactive experience for the report users. With the addition of
buttons that have assigned actions, your report behaves similar to an app, where users can hover,
select, and interact more with the content.
• Selections - Allow you to determine what items in the report are visible and what items are
hidden. Selections are used alongside bookmarks and buttons.
Consider a situation where you have designed a report page and want to have a second page that
looks almost the same, except that one of the visuals will be different. Rather than creating a
second page and manually making changes, you can use a combination of selections, bookmarks,
and buttons to switch between the two visuals on one page.
Add bookmarks
When you add a bookmark, the following elements are saved with it:
• Current page
• Filters
• Slicers, including slicer type (for example, drop-down or list) and slicer state
• Visual selection state (such as cross-highlight filters)
• Sort order
• Drill location
• Visibility of an object (by using the Selection pane)
• Focus or Spotlight modes of any visible object
In this example, you want to add bookmarks to allow users to switch between two visuals on one
page. First, you need to set up how you want the page to initially display.
When you have added and formatted all the visuals and other items on the page, you can add a
bookmark to capture a snapshot of the page in its current state.
Before adding a bookmark, go to the View tab in the ribbon and select Selection. The

displayed Selection pane includes a list of all items on your page, along with an eye icon that
indicates the items that are currently visible. You can rename the items in the list by double-
clicking them so you clearly know which one is which.
Now you are ready to add the bookmark. On the View tab, select Bookmarks. On

the Bookmarks panel that displays, select Add. It's good practice to rename the new bookmark
so its purpose is clear; this notion is especially true if you plan on adding multiple bookmarks.
To rename a bookmark, double-click the bookmark and enter the new name. In this example, you
want to change the bookmark name from Bookmark 1 to Variance Chart because
the Variance chart is the main focus of the page, as shown in the following image. In
the Selection pane, the Variance chart displays and the other visuals are hidden.
Next, you can add the second bookmark. Start by making changes to how the page currently
appears. In this example, you will add another bookmark for the main dashboard charts. Because
you only want to see charts from the main dashboard, you can hide the Visual chart by selecting
its eye icon on the Selections pane. Then, add a bookmark for this new view of the page and
rename it as Main Dashboard.
Now, you can switch between the two bookmarks to see the difference in the page.
Repeat these steps to add more bookmarks. In summary, you would select items that you want to
show/hide on the report page, add a bookmark, and then give it a descriptive name.
You can now assign those bookmarks to buttons so that users can switch between the
bookmarks.
Add buttons
You can use buttons for many reasons, such as to switch between two visuals in a report (as
required in the previous example), to drill-down into the data in a visual, or to move from one
page in your report to another. Power BI Desktop provides a range of button types that you can
add to your report, as illustrated in the following image.
In this example, you want to add customized buttons that are used to switch between two
bookmarks. To add a button, go to the Insert tab on the ribbon and select Buttons. Then, select
the type of button that you want to add from the list, which in this case, you would select
the Blank option.
When the button is added to the page, reposition the button to above the visual on the right side.
Next, select the button and then, in the Visualizations pane, move the Button Text slider to
the On position. Expand the Button Text section, and then enter the text that you want to
display on the button, for example, Main Dashboard. You can then format the button text by
changing its font, colour, alignment, and text size. Expand the Background section and select a
suitable colour for the button.
Now, you can add an action to the button. Go to the Action slider near the bottom of
the Visualizations pane and move the slider to the On position. Then, expand
the Actions section to view the options. The options for the button action types are as follows,
some of which are explained in more detail in the subsequent sections.
• Back - Returns the user to the previous page of the report. This option is useful for drillthrough
pages or pages that are accessed from one main page.
• Bookmark - Presents the report page that's associated with a bookmark that is defined for the
current report.
• Drill through - Brings the user to a drillthrough page that is filtered to their selection, without
using bookmarks.
• Page navigation - Brings the user to a different page within the report, also without using
bookmarks, which is an effective way to create a navigation experience for your report users.
This type of button is discussed later in this module.
• Q&A - Opens a Q&A Explorer window, where users can enter questions to quickly find the
information that they are looking for and specify the type of visual that they want to see the
information displayed in. This option can be useful if you want to save space in the report but
still offer Q&A functionality to the user.
• Web URL - Opens a website in a new browser window. For example, you might want to give
users quick access to your organization's website or intranet from within a report.
In this example, you select Bookmark as the action type. In the Bookmark list that displays,
select the bookmark that you want to assign to the action, the Main Dashboard bookmark that
you created previously. For enhanced accessibility, you should add a tooltip that users will see
when they hover over the button, but in this case, it's not required because you have a descriptive
button label.
Now that your button is set up, you can copy and paste the button so that you have two buttons
with consistent formatting on the page. In this example, you rename the second button
to Variance Chart and change the assigned action to the Variance Chart bookmark.
You can then reposition the buttons anywhere on your canvas. For this example, you will
position the new buttons on the left side of the canvas for easy navigation.
Your buttons are now ready for use. You can use them to switch between two bookmarks with a
different layout on the same page. When you select the Main Dashboard button, the main
dashboard charts display, and when you select the Variance Chart button, the Variance chart
displays.
https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/power-bi/create-reports/desktop-bookmarks
Question 10: Correct
Scenario: You have created a few reports for the Sales team at Avengers Security. The issue that
you have encountered is determining how to make these reports viewable and shareable.
How should this be resolved?

Create a workspace in Power BI and make the reports shareable.
(Correct)

Create Public Links in Power BI to share the reports based on permission settings.

Create a vNet Peer Group in Power BI and make the reports shareable based on RBAC settings.

Create Private Links in Power BI to share the reports.
Explanation
Consider a scenario where you have created a few reports for the Sales team at Avengers
Security. The issue that you have encountered is determining how to make these reports
viewable and shareable. By creating a workspace in Power BI, you can house your reports in one
location, make them shareable, collaborate with other teams, and update reports.
Create a workspace
Your first task is to create a workspace by following these steps:
1. Go to Power BI service.
2. Select the Workspaces drop-down menu.
3. Select the Create a workspace button at the bottom of the resulting panel.

4. In the Create a workspace window, enter information in the Workspace
name and Description fields and then upload a Workspace image.
5. In the Advanced drop-down menu, you can create a Contact list of users who will receive
notifications if issues with the workspace occur.
By default, these users are the workspace admins, but you can also add specific users. You can
also add this workspace to a specific OneDrive and then choose whether this workspace will be a
part of a dedicated capacity or not. Dedicated capacities are Power BI Premium features that
ensure that your workspace will have its own computational resources as opposed to sharing
resources with other users.
6. After you have filled out pertinent fields on the Create a workspace window, select Save.
You have now created a workspace.
You can complete the process of creating a workspace by using the new workspace experience.
We recommend that you use the modern workspace experience over the classic workspace
experience, unless the classic workspace is expressly needed.
Assign workspace roles
Now that you've successfully created a workspace, the Sales team wants to collaborate with other
teams to build additional dashboards and reports. As the workspace owner, you want to ensure
that appropriate access is given to members of the Products team because their team includes
stakeholders and developers. Workspace roles allow you to designate who can do what within a
workspace.
The abilities of role types in a workspace include:
Admin
• Add/remove other users
• Publish, update, and/or share an app in a workspace
• Create, edit, delete, and publish reports and content in a workspace
• View and interact with reports and dashboards in a workspace
• Configure data refreshes
Member
• Can complete all tasks that are associated with admins but can't add or remove users
• Cannot delete the workspace
• Cannot update the metadata about the workspace

Contributor
• Cannot add or remove users
• Cannot publish, update, or edit an app in a workspace unless given this ability by
admins/members
• Can create, update, and publish content and reports within a workspace
• Can schedule data refreshes
Viewer
• Cannot add or remove users
• Can only view a report or dashboard in a workspace
• Can read data that is stored in workspace dataflows
Note: If the workspace is backed by a Premium capacity, a non-Pro user can view content within
the workspace under the Viewer role.
To assign these roles to users, go to the workspace that you've created and, in the upper-left
corner of the ribbon, select Access.
In the resulting Access window, you can add email addresses of individual users, mail-enabled
security groups, distribution lists, Microsoft 365 groups, and regular security groups, and then
assign them to their specific roles. You can also change the user's assigned role at the bottom of
the page and delete the user from the workspace by selecting the ellipsis (...) next to their name.
Create and configure an app
After creating an app workspace and assigning your collaborator-specific roles, you want to add
content to your app workspace. Content can be in the form of reports, dashboards, datasets,
dataflows, and so on. An app is a published, read-only window into your data for mass
distribution and viewing. When ready to share apps with your users, you can publish the app.
This process requires a Power BI Pro license. Consuming and viewing an app requires a Pro
license or it must be backed by a Premium capacity.
When you have added your content to the app workspace, you can create the app. Go to your
workspace, and on the ribbon, select + New, as shown in the following screenshot. In this ribbon,
you can choose to create a new report, dataset, streaming dataset, or dataflow, to name a few.
Selecting any one of these options will generate a window where you can enter the name of the
app and select the source of the report (for example, the dataset that is used to create a report).
You can also select the Get Data button in the lower-left corner of the navigation bar, and then
import already-existing reports from Power BI Desktop and add them to your workspace app.
You can also configure your app and turn on the option to include the report or dashboard in the
app when you publish, as shown in the following screenshot. If you do not want to include this
report or dashboard in the app, then you can turn off this option.
When you are ready to publish your app with its collection of reports, dashboards, and datasets,
return to the workspace and select Create app in the upper-right corner of the ribbon.
This action retrieves the following window, where you can build your app by naming it, adding a
description, and adding an app logo or theme colour, if necessary.
Under the Navigation tab, you can change the order in which the content is oriented for the user
by creating a custom navigation pane. For instance, you can change the name of the content,
change the link, and then add it to a specific section on the navigation pane. You can also add
content that is external to Power BI through a link. This external content can also be included
within the content area. For example, a YouTube video or PowerPoint slide deck has to be an
embed URL, not the raw URL
Under the Permissions tab, you can grant access to all users in your organization or choose
which users have access. You can also give your users build and share permissions, which means
that they can create and share the content in the app. The Permissions tab provides a few other
options. With Build permissions, you can allow your users to connect to underlying datasets so
that they can reuse and build their own reports by using the same dataset. Build permissions are
required if your users want to export the underlying data or build new content on top of the data.
You can also allow your users to only create a copy of the report to view in another workspace,
where they can modify and delete visuals according to their needs. You can also give your users
Share permissions so that they can share underlying datasets and reports.
After making necessary edits, you can select Publish app, and your app will be published. Then,
you will get the following screen with a link that you can share with your users.
Update workspaces
After publishing your app, you realize that you want to make updates within your workspace.
To accomplish this task, return to the workspace, and make the necessary updates in the reports
or dashboards. The workspace acts as a staging area where you can make any changes that you
want, but they will not be added to the app until you select Update app in the upper-right corner
of the ribbon (where you previously selected Publish app). Dataset and dataflow updates are
updated immediately. When you decide to update the app, you can make changes to
the Setup, Navigation, and Permissions tabs, and when ready, you can select the Update
app button.
https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/power-bi/collaborate-share/service-create-distribute-apps/
Scenario: You are working as an administrator at JokerMart and you are advising the accounting
team who wants to make one report where employees in a specific department can only see the
sales for that department.
For instance, Harley Quinn works in the Game department and should only see the sales from
that department, not sales from the Sports, Clothing, or Automotive departments.
The Sales table contains all attributes of a fact table, while employees and products are
dimension tables. The data model is shown in the following image.
Larger image
Two ways of implementing row-level security in Power BI are the static method and the
dynamic method. Row-level security (RLS) uses [?] as the core logic mechanism.

Query Caching

A DAX filter
(Correct)

Usage Metrics

A Lineage View

Dynamic Reports

Scheduled Refresh

A Load Balancer
Explanation
Microsoft Power BI can help you secure reports and workspaces by allowing you to share them
to active directory users and groups. You can also share a single report but have users see
different data according to their job role.
For example, consider a scenario where you work for JokerMart. You use the following table to
track sales.
You also use the following table for employee information.

The following table shows the list of products.
You want to make one report where employees in a specific department can only see the sales
for that department. For instance, Harley Quinn works in the Game department and should only
see the sales from that department, not sales from the Sports, Clothing, or Automotive
departments.
This data is organized in a star schema. The Sales table contains all attributes of a fact table,
while employees and products are dimension tables. The data model is shown in the following
image.
Two ways of implementing row-level security in Power BI are the static method and the
dynamic method.
Row-level security (RLS) uses a DAX filter as the core logic mechanism. You can implement
row-level security in Power BI by using DAX to ensure that only the appropriate person can
view the appropriate records.
The static method in row-level security (RLS) uses a fixed value in the DAX filter, while the
dynamic method uses a DAX function.
RLS involves several configuration steps, which should be completed in the following order:
1. Create a report in Microsoft Power BI Desktop.
• Import the data.
• Confirm the data model between both tables.
• Create the report visuals.
2. Create RLS roles in Power BI Desktop by using DAX.
3. Test the roles in Power BI Desktop.
4. Deploy the report to Microsoft Power BI service.
5. Add members to the role in Power BI service.
6. Test the roles in Power BI service.
Create a report in Power BI Desktop
Follow the typical steps to create a report in Power BI Desktop. Use Microsoft Power Query to
retrieve and clean the data. Then, confirm that the relationship exists between the two tables by
using the Modelling tab; it should be a one-to-many relationship on the empID column.
Your next step is to create a Power BI report.

Notice how the preceding table has rows for all sales, including all departments. You will be
limiting visibility so that only employees of a specific department can see their own sales.
Create RLS roles in Power BI Desktop
To create RLS roles in Power BI Desktop, select the Modelling tab, and then select Manage
Roles.
On the Manage roles page, select Create.
Power BI row-level security (RLS) uses DAX to control who can see which data. Consider it as
always adding another filter to the appropriate users, regardless of the filters, slicers, or
interactions that the users choose on a Power BI report.
On the Manage roles page, create a role for each department and then add a DAX expression to
it. For instance, you can create a role called Game and then add the DAX
expression [department] = "Game". Then, whenever a member of that role interacts with the
report, Power BI will add that filter to their interactions, thus limiting what they see.
A fixed value is used in the filter on the right side of the equal sign (in this case, "Game"). The
intention is that, if you ever need to add a category, you will need to create a new role with a new
value in the DAX expression.
Notice how the DAX filter is applied on the dimension table. Row-level security performs better
when the data is organized in a star schema. Apply the DAX filter to a dimension table, as was
done with the Products table.
The DAX filter is applied to every interaction, slicer, and filter that the user applies. If you have
a DAX filter that performs poorly, the user experience will be negatively impacted. Therefore,
keep the DAX filter as simple as possible.
Test the roles in Power BI Desktop
You can validate that the filter is working by selecting the Modelling tab and then
selecting View as Roles.
In the View as roles window, select the Game role. The report now renders as if you were in
that role, and you will only see the records that are included in the Game department.
You can undo this filter by selecting View as roles again and then selecting None.
Deploy the report to Power BI service
You can deploy the report to Power BI service by selecting the Publish button on the Home tab
and then selecting a workspace.
Add members to the role in Power BI service

To add members to the role in Power BI service, go to your workspace in Power BI service. Find
the dataset that you created with the same name as your report. Select the ellipsis (...) button and
then select Security.
In the Row-Level Security screen, you can add Microsoft Azure Active Directory (Azure AD)
users and security groups to the security role. When members are added to this role, the DAX
filter that you previously defined will be applied to them. If members are not added to the role,
but they have access to the report, RLS will not apply to them. You can add the three people in
the Game department to the Game role. Now, when those members sign in, they will only see
the report with data that applies to them.
Test the roles in Power BI service

You can test the roles inside Power BI service by selecting the ellipsis (...) next to the Game role
on the Row-Level Security screen and then selecting Test as role.
This selection will display the report as if you were a member of the role in Power BI service.
https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/power-bi/collaborate-share/service-share-dashboards
Scenario: You have been hired as a consultant by Cobalt Chemical to oversee a Power BI
project. This project is focused sales and expense data.
Currently, you are overseeing an analyst creating a measure which calculates the ratio of a
month’s sales for the current fiscal year.
Which of the following functions should be used?

ENDOFYEAR

WHOLEYEAR
(Incorrect)

FILTER

ALL
(Correct)
Explanation
The DAX function reference provides detailed information including syntax, parameters, return
values, and examples for each of the over 250 functions used in Data Analysis Expression
(DAX) formulas.
https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/dax/dax-function-reference
Using the ALL function, you can remove the filter on Month allowing you to calculate the desired
ratio. Neither FILTER nor ENDOFYEAR are required for the formula and there is no such function
as WHOLEYEAR in DAX.
The filter and value functions in DAX are some of the most complex and powerful, and differ
greatly from Excel functions. The lookup functions work by using tables and relationships, like a
database. The filtering functions let you manipulate data context to create dynamic calculations.
Function: ALL
Returns all the rows in a table, or all the values in a column, ignoring any filters that might have
been applied.
Function: FILTER
Returns a table that represents a subset of another table or expression.
https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/dax/filter-functions-dax
Function: ENDOFYEAR
Returns a table containing a single column and single row with a date value.
https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/dax/endofyear-function-dax
While the process of data analysis focuses on the tasks of cleaning, modelling , and visualizing
data, the concept of data analysis and its importance to business should not be understated. To
analyze data, core components of analytics are divided into the following categories:
• Descriptive
• Diagnostic
• Predictive
• Prescriptive
• Cognitive
Which of these categories does the following:
“Determine the best course of action to choose to bypass or eliminate future issues”

Cognitive

Diagnostic

Prescriptive
(Correct)

Descriptive

Predictive
(Incorrect)
Explanation
Data-driven businesses make decisions based on the story that their data tells, and in today's
data-driven world, data is not being used to its full potential, a challenge that most businesses
face. Data analysis is, and should be, a critical aspect of all organizations to help determine the
impact to their business, including evaluating customer sentiment, performing market and
product research, and identifying trends or other data insights.
While the process of data analysis focuses on the tasks of cleaning, modelling , and visualizing
data, the concept of data analysis and its importance to business should not be understated. To
analyze data, core components of analytics are divided into the following categories:
• Descriptive
• Diagnostic
• Predictive
• Prescriptive
• Cognitive
Descriptive analytics
Descriptive analytics help answer questions about what has happened based on historical data.
Descriptive analytics techniques summarize large datasets to describe outcomes to stakeholders.
By developing key performance indicators (KPIs), these strategies can help track the success or
failure of key objectives. Metrics such as return on investment (ROI) are used in many
industries, and specialized metrics are developed to track performance in specific industries.
An example of descriptive analytics is generating reports to provide a view of an organization's

sales and financial data.
Diagnostic analytics
Diagnostic analytics help answer questions about why events happened. Diagnostic analytics
techniques supplement basic descriptive analytics, and they use the findings from descriptive
analytics to discover the cause of these events. Then, performance indicators are further
investigated to discover why these events improved or became worse. Generally, this process
occurs in three steps:
1. Identify anomalies in the data. These anomalies might be unexpected changes in a metric or a
particular market.
2. Collect data that's related to these anomalies.
3. Use statistical techniques to discover relationships and trends that explain these anomalies.
Predictive analytics
Predictive analytics help answer questions about what will happen in the future. Predictive
analytics techniques use historical data to identify trends and determine if they're likely to recur.
Predictive analytical tools provide valuable insight into what might happen in the future.
Techniques include a variety of statistical and machine learning techniques such as neural
networks, decision trees, and regression.
Prescriptive analytics
Prescriptive analytics help answer questions about which actions should be taken to achieve a
goal or target. By using insights from predictive analytics, organizations can make data-driven
decisions. This technique allows businesses to make informed decisions in the face of
uncertainty. Prescriptive analytics techniques rely on machine learning strategies to find patterns
in large datasets. By analyzing past decisions and events, organizations can estimate the
likelihood of different outcomes.
Cognitive analytics
Cognitive analytics attempt to draw inferences from existing data and patterns, derive
conclusions based on existing knowledge bases, and then add these findings back into the
knowledge base for future inferences, a self-learning feedback loop. Cognitive analytics help you
learn what might happen if circumstances change and determine how you might handle these
situations.
Inferences aren't structured queries based on a rules database; rather, they're unstructured
hypotheses that are gathered from several sources and expressed with varying degrees of
confidence. Effective cognitive analytics depend on machine learning algorithms, and will use
several natural language processing concepts to make sense of previously untapped data sources,
such as call centre conversation logs and product reviews.
https://www.weirdgeek.com/2018/11/types-of-analytics/
Scenario: You are working as a consultant at Palmer Technologies. Your team is working on
very large and complex Power BI project. At the moment, there is a debate over which feature is
used to create an alternative name for a given field in a table. The concept behind the alternative
name is to make questions simpler to ask on the questions dashboard.
As the expert, the team looks to you for the correct answer.
Which feature is used to create this alternative name?

Alternative

Synonyms
(Correct)

AKAs

Digital Twins

Digital Cousins

Duplicate name
(Incorrect)
Explanation
Synonyms are to create alternative names for fields in a table.
Power BI Synonyms can significantly improve the Q&A and query experience. With synonyms
we can now add some other forms of names for our tables, columns and measures in Power BI
Desktop model which makes using Q&A even easier for our customers to find what they are
looking for. The customers don’t know all table, column or measure names. Defining common
separate list of names for tables, columns or measures makes Q&A much more useful.
https://www.biinsight.com/power-bi-synonyms-take-qa-experience-to-the-next-level/
Which Power BI feature can give an in-depth analysis of the distribution of data?

Only time series analysis can provide in-depth analysis on the data.

The Analyze feature allows a user to understand why the distribution looks the way that it does.
(Correct)

The Next Level of Hierarchy feature can give in-depth analysis because it will allow you to drill-down for all
subcategories and is not used to analyze the distribution.

The RPA Insights feature allows a user to understand why the distribution looks the way that it does.
Explanation
The Analyze feature gives an in-depth analysis of the distribution of data.
The Analyze feature provides you with additional analysis that is generated by Power BI for a
selected data point. You might want to use this feature to determine if Power BI has found
something that you haven't seen before, or if you want Power BI to give you a different insight
into your data. This feature is particularly useful for analyzing why your data distribution looks
the way that it does.
Note: This feature does not work if you have non-numeric filters applied to your visual and/or if
you have measure filters applied.
In this example, you are developing a report for the Customer Service team that deals with Help
tickets. They want to analyze the ticketing data that is created online when a customer asks a
question. You've created a preliminary visual to display data for tickets by location, but you're
now curious about why the distribution of your data looks the way that it does.
Instead of exploring the data manually, you can use the Analyze feature to get fast, automated,
insightful analysis of your data.
To use the Analyze feature, right-click a data point on the visual and then hover over
the Analyze option to display two further options: Explain the increase and Find where the
distribution is different. The options that are available will depend on the data point that you
selected.
In this example, you select the Explain the increase option, and a window displays with a new
visual, as illustrated in the following image.
If you find this analysis useful, you can add the new visual to your report so that other users can
view it. Select the plus (+) icon in the upper-right corner of the visual to add it to your report.
https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/power-bi/create-reports/desktop-insights-find-where-different/
What is cardinality?

Cardinality is a type of visual element.

Cardinality is the direction that the data flows in a relationship between two tables.
(Correct)

Cardinality is the granularity of the data.
(Incorrect)

Cardinality is how long it takes for the data to load.
Explanation
Cardinality is the directionality of a relationship, such as one-to-many, one-to-one, and so on.
When you create a relationship between two tables, you get two values, which can be 1 or * on
the two ends of the relationship between two tables, called as Cardinality of the relationship.
The two values of 1 or * are saying that the field in that relationship has how many of that value
per line in that table. Let’s check it with an example;
In the Stores table, we have one unique value per stor_id per row.
So if this field participates in one side of a relationship, then that side will take 1 as the
Cardinality indicator, Which is called as ONE side of the relationship.
However, the stor_id in the Sales table is not unique per each data row in that table. We have
multiple rows for each stor_id. Or let’s say; in each store, there are multiple sales transactions
happening (which is normal of course);
So if the stor_id in the Sales table is part of a relationship, that side of the relationship will
become the *, or what we call the “MANY” side of the relationship.
So based on what we know so far, If we create a relationship based on stor_id between the two
tables of Sales and Stores here is the output:
This relationship can be read in two ways;
• One-to-Many (1-*) relationship from the Stores table to the Sales table
• Many-to-One (*-1) relationship from Sales table to Stores table
They are both the same of course, and they will look exactly like each other in the diagram view.
Now that you know what the Cardinality is let’s check all different types of Cardinality.
https://radacad.com/many-to-one-or-many-to-many-the-cardinality-of-power-bi-relationship-
demystified
What can you do to improve performance when you are retrieving data in Power BI?

Only pull data into the Power BI service, not Power BI Desktop
(Incorrect)

Combine date and time columns into a single column

Use the Select SQL statement in your SQL queries when you are pulling data from a relational database.

Do some calculations in the original data source
(Correct)
Explanation
Power Query and Power Query Editor are built to allow you to process the data, however, the
processing power required to do this may lower performance in other areas of your reports. It is
good practice to process as much as possible in the native data source.
While importing data into Power BI, you may encounter errors resulting from factors such as:
• Power BI imports from numerous data sources.
• Each data source might have dozens (and sometimes hundreds) of different error messages.
• Other components can cause errors, such as hard drives, networks, software services, and
operating systems.
• Data can often not comply with any specific schema.
The following sections cover some of the more common error messages that you might
encounter in Power BI.
Query timeout expired
Relational source systems often have many people who are concurrently using the same data in
the same database. Some relational systems and their administrators seek to limit a user from
monopolizing all hardware resources by setting a query timeout. These timeouts can be
configured for any timespan, from as little as five seconds to as much as 30 minutes or more.
For instance, if you’re pulling data from your organization’s SQL Server, you might see the error
shown in the following figure.
Power BI Query Error: Timeout expired

This error indicates that you’ve pulled too much data according to your organization’s policies.
Administrators incorporate this policy to avoid slowing down a different application or suite of
applications that might also be using that database.
You can resolve this error by pulling fewer columns or rows from a single table. While you are
writing SQL statements, it might be a common practice to include groupings and aggregations.
You can also join multiple tables in a single SQL statement. Additionally, you can perform
complicated subqueries and nested queries in a single statement. These complexities add to the
query processing requirements of the relational system and can greatly elongate the time of
implementation.
If you need the rows, columns, and complexity, consider taking small chunks of data and then
bringing them back together by using Power Query. For instance, you can combine half the
columns in one query and the other half in a different query. Power Query can merge those two
queries back together after you are finished.
We couldn't find any data formatted as a table
Occasionally, you may encounter the “We couldn’t find any data formatted as a table” error
while importing data from Microsoft Excel. Fortunately, this error is self-explanatory. Power BI
expects to find data formatted as a table from Excel. The error event tells you the resolution.
Perform the following steps to resolve the issue:
1. Open your Excel workbook, and highlight the data that you want to import.
2. Press the Ctrl-T keyboard shortcut. The first row will likely be your column headers.
3. Verify that the column headers reflect how you want to name your columns. Then, try to
import data from Excel again. This time, it should work.
Could not find file
While importing data from a file, you may get the "Could not find file" error.
Usually, this error is caused by the file moving locations or the permissions to the file changing.
If the cause is the former, you need to find the file and change the source settings.
Data type errors
Sometimes, when you import data into Power BI, the columns appear blank. This situation
happens because of an error in interpreting the data type in Power BI. The resolution to this error
is unique to the data source. For instance, if you are importing data from SQL Server and see
blank columns, you could try to convert to the correct data type in the query.
Instead of using this query:
SELECT CustomerPostalCode
FROM Sales.Customers
Use this query:

SELECT CAST(CustomerPostalCode as varchar(10))
FROM Sales.Customers
By specifying the correct type at the data source, you eliminate many of these common data
source errors.
You may encounter different types of errors in Power BI that are caused by the diverse data
source systems where your data resides. If you encounter an error that was not discussed in the
preceding sections, you can search Microsoft documentation for the error message to find the
resolution you need.
https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/power-bi/connect-data/desktop-access-database-errors
What is a in Power BI dashboard?

The canvas in which you can view the data model of a report
(Incorrect)

A canvas of report elements that can be built in Power BI service
(Correct)

Dashboards can be built by using visuals that are developed with an underlying data source.

A canvas of report elements that can be built in Power BI Desktop
Explanation
A Power BI dashboard is a single page, often called a canvas, that tells a story through
visualizations. Because it's limited to one page, a well-designed dashboard contains only the
highlights of that story. Readers can view related reports for the details. Dashboards can only be
built in Power BI service.
Dashboards are a feature of the Power BI service only. They're not available in Power BI
Desktop. Although you can't create dashboards on mobile devices, you can view and share them
there.
https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/power-bi/create-reports/service-dashboards
Scenario: You are working at HYDRA Technologies and you have been asked to create a report
in Power BI.
Required: If the sales amount falls below €100.000, display this value in red, so that users will
see it clearly and know that they need to take immediate action. If the sales target is met, display
amounts over that target amount in a green colour to signify all is going well.
How can this be accomplished in Power BI?

Story Dependencies

Contingent actions

Event Binding

Conditional formatting
(Correct)
Explanation
Conditional formatting in Power BI Desktop allows you to specify customized cell colours,
including colour gradients, that are based on field values. Additionally, you can use conditional
formatting to represent cell values with data bars, KPI icons, or active web links.
You might want to use conditional formatting to highlight or differentiate the data that is
displayed in your visual. This approach will help you and other users see key data insights easily.
For example, you could set up conditional formatting for your sales figures. If the sales amount
falls below zero, you could display this value in red, a colour that is associated with danger, so
that users will see it clearly and know that they need to take immediate action. Conversely, you
could set a value for your sales target, displaying amounts over that target amount in a green
colour to signify that the target is met and all is going well.
The following example shows conditional formatting being used in two

visuals, Table and Matrix, where it is possible to set different conditions on a column. You can
apply conditional formatting to any text or data field, but the formatting needs to be based on a
field that has numeric, colour name or hex code, or web URL values.
In this example, you will select the table visualization and then, in the Format pane, expand
the Conditional formatting section. Turn on the Background colour option, and then select
the Advanced controls option. In the window that displays, set a condition to change
background colour to red for cells that have low values and green for cells with high values.
The Power BI conditional formatting function will automatically detect the highest and the
lowest number in each column and will apply background colouring according to the values.
If you want to remove the conditional formatting that you set, select the Values tab on
the Visualizations pane and right-click the value (field) that you set the formatting for.
Select Remove conditional formatting and then select the type of formatting that you want to
remove, for example All or Background colour.
https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/power-bi/create-reports/desktop-conditional-table-formatting
What can you accomplish with data gateway?

Report Publish

Download Report

View Report

Refresh Data
(Correct)
Explanation
Gateway is used to refresh the data from on-premises servers to online Power BI Service.
https://community.powerbi.com/t5/Service/On-Premise-Gateway-Refresh-and-a-Web-
datasource/m-p/654626
When building a star schema, you will have dimension and fact tables. Fact tables contain
information about events such as sales orders, shipping dates, resellers, and suppliers. Dimension
tables store details about business entities, such as products or time, and are connected back to
fact tables through a relationship.
You can use [?] as one source to help you find detail in dimension tables. They are useful
because they allow you to drill-down into the specifics of your data instead of only seeing the
data at a high level.

Indexes

Power Query

Hierarchies
(Correct)

Tiles

Visuals
Explanation
When building a star schema, you will have dimension and fact tables. Fact tables contain
information about events such as sales orders, shipping dates, resellers, and suppliers. Dimension
tables store details about business entities, such as products or time, and are connected back to
fact tables through a relationship.
You can use hierarchies as one source to help you find detail in dimension tables. These
hierarchies form through natural segments in your data. For instance, you can have a hierarchy of
dates in which your dates can be segmented into years, months, weeks, and days. Hierarchies are
useful because they allow you to drill-down into the specifics of your data instead of only seeing
the data at a high level.
Hierarchies
When you are building visuals, Power BI automatically enters values of the date type as a
hierarchy (if the table has not been marked as a date table).
In the preceding Date column, the date is shown in increasingly finer detail through year,
quarters, months, and days. You can also manually create hierarchies.
For example, consider a situation where you want to create a stacked bar chart of Total Sales by
Category and Subcategory. You can accomplish this task by creating a hierarchy in
the Product table for categories and subcategories. To create a hierarchy, go to the Fields pane
on Power BI and then right-click the column that you want the hierarchy for. Select New
hierarchy, as shown in the following figure.
Next, drag and drop the subcategory column into this new hierarchy that you've created. This
column will be added as a sublevel on the hierarchy.
Now, you can build the visual by selecting a stacked bar chart in the Visualizations pane. Add
your Category Name Hierarchy in the Axis field and Total Sales in the Values field.
You can drill-down on the visual to view both Category and Subcategory, depending on what

you want to see. Hierarchies allow you to view increasing levels of data on a single view.
Now that you have learned about hierarchies, you can take a step further and examine parent-
child hierarchies and their role in multiple relationships between fact tables and dimension
tables.
Parent-child hierarchy
In the following example, you have an Employee table within the database that tells you
important information about the employees, their managers, and their IDs. When looking at this
table, you notice that Roy F has been repeated multiple times in the Manager column. As the
image shows, multiple employees can have the same manager, which indicates a hierarchy
between managers and employees.
The Manager column determines the hierarchy and is therefore the parent, while the "children"
are the employees. For this example, you want to be able to see all levels of this hierarchy.
Power BI does not default to showing you all levels of the hierarchy, so it is your responsibility
to ensure that you see all levels of this hierarchy or "flatten" it so that you can see more data
granularity.
Flatten parent-child hierarchy
The process of viewing multiple child levels based on a top-level parent is known as flattening
the hierarchy. In this process, you are creating multiple columns in a table to show the
hierarchical path of the parent to the child in the same record. You will use PATH(), a simple
DAX function that returns a text version of the managerial path for each employee, and
PATHITEM() to separate this path into each level of managerial hierarchy.
Important: DAX has not been covered yet; however, it will be in another module. This function is
included in this section because it's explaining hierarchies. If use of DAX in this capacity is
confusing, refer to the DAX module and then return to this section afterward.
While on the table, go to the Modelling tab and select New Column. In the resulting formula
bar, enter the following function, which creates the text path between the employee and manager.
This action creates a calculated column in DAX.
DAX
Path = PATH(Employee[Employee ID], Employee[Manager ID])
The completed path between the employee and the manager appears in the new column, as
shown in the following screenshot.
If you look at Roger M, the path of IDs is 1010 | 1011 | 1013, which means that one level above
Roger M (ID 1013) is his manager, Pam H (ID 1011), and one level above Pam H is her manager
Roy F (ID 1010). In this row, Roger M is on the bottom of the hierarchy, at the child level, and
Roy F is at the top of the hierarchy and is at the parent level. This path is created for every
employee. To flatten the hierarchy, you can separate each level by using the PATHITEM
function.
To view all three levels of the hierarchy separately, you can create four columns in the same way
that you did previously, by entering the following equations. You will use the PATHITEM
function to retrieve the value that resides in the corresponding level of your hierarchy.
• Level 1 = PATHITEM(Employee[Path],1)
After you have finished, notice that you now have each level of hierarchy within your table. Roy
F is at the top of the hierarchy and, as you go through Levels 2-3, notice that the managers and
employees map with each other.
Now, you can create a hierarchy on the Fields pane, as you did previously. Right-click Level 1,
because this is the first hierarchy level, and then select New Hierarchy. Then, drag and
drop Level 2 and Level 3 into this hierarchy.
You have now successfully flattened a hierarchy so that you can view individual levels.
Previously, you've considered dimensions that have only one relationship with a fact table.
However, situations do occur where your dimension table will have multiple relationships with a
fact table.
Role-playing dimensions
Role-playing dimensions have multiple valid relationships with fact tables, meaning that the
same dimension can be used to filter multiple columns or tables of data. As a result, you can
filter data differently depending on what information you need to retrieve. This topic is complex,
so it is only introduced in this section. Working with role-playing dimensions requires complex
DAX functions that will be discussed in later sections.
The preceding visual shows the Calendar, Sales, and Order tables. Calendar is the dimension
table, while Sales and Order are fact tables. The dimension table has two relationships: one with
Sales and one with Order. This example is of a role-playing dimension because the Calendar
table can be used to group data in both Sales and Order. If you wanted to build a visual in which
the Calendar table references the Order and the Sales tables, the Calendar table would act as a
role-playing dimension.
https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/power-bi/consumer/end-user-personalize-visuals
Scenario: You work for Avengers Security where you are required to build Microsoft Power BI
reports. The data resides in several different databases and files. These data repositories are
different from each other, some are in Microsoft SQL Server, some are in Microsoft Excel, but
all the data is related.
You’ve been tasked by senior leadership to create a suite of reports that are dependent on data in
several different locations. The database that tracks sales transactions is in SQL Server, a
relational database contains which customer bought which items and when. It also tracks which
employee made the sale, along with the employee name and employee ID. However, that
database doesn’t contain the employee’s hire date, their title, or who their manager is. For that
information, you need to access files that Human Resources keeps in Excel. You've been
consistently requesting that they use an SQL database, but they haven't yet had the chance to
implement it.
When an item ships, the shipment is recorded in the warehousing application, which is new to
the company. The developers chose to store data in CosmosDB, as a set of JSON documents.
Avengers Security has an application that helps with financial projections, so that they can
predict what their sales will be in future months and years, based on past trends. Those
projections are stored in Microsoft Azure Analysis Services. Below is a view of the data sources
you are asked to combine data from.
Larger image
Before you can create reports, you must first extract data from the various data sources.
Interacting with SQL Server is different from Excel, so you should learn the nuances of both
systems. After you’ve learned the particulars of each system, you can use Power Query (the
query engine used by Power BI and Excel) to help you clean the data, such as renaming columns,
replacing values, removing errors, and combining query results. After the data has been cleaned
and organized, you are ready to build reports in Power BI. Finally, you will publish your
combined dataset and reports to Power BI service (PBIS). From there, other people can use your
dataset and build their own reports or they can use the reports that you’ve already built.
Required: Software developers at Avengers Security created an application to manage shipping

and tracking products from their warehouses that use CosmosDB, a NoSQL database, as the data
repository. This application uses Cosmos DB to store JSON documents, which are open standard
file formats that are primarily used to transmit data between a server and web application. You
need to import this data into a Power BI data model for reporting. After you have connected to
the database account, the Navigator window opens, where you select the table that you want to
import.
Larger image
Which of the below is true?

All the source files are being recorded.

All records in the document are represented as a Record type in Power BI.
(Correct)

Once Load is clicked, the data will be converted Power BI format.

All data in the document is converted to Record type in Power BI.
Explanation
In this scenario, you will use the Get data feature in Power BI Desktop. However, this time you
will select the More... option to locate and connect to the type of database that you use. In this
example, you will select the Azure category, select Azure Cosmos DB, and then
select Connect.
Get data → More → Cosmos DB → Connect
On the Preview Connector window, select Continue and then enter your database credentials.

In this example, on the Azure Cosmos DB window, you can enter the database details. You can
specify the Azure Cosmos DB account endpoint URL that you want to get the data from (you
can get the URL from the Keys blade of your Azure portal). Alternatively, you can enter the
database name, collection name or use the navigator to select the database and collection to
identify the data source.
If you are connecting to an endpoint for the first time, as you are in this example, make sure that
you enter your account key. You can find this key in the Primary Key box in the Read-only
Keys blade of your Azure portal.
Import a JSON file
JSON type records must be extracted and normalized before you can report on them, so you need
to transform the data before loading it into Power BI Desktop.
After you have connected to the database account, the Navigator window opens, showing a list
of databases under that account. Select the table that you want to import. In this example, you
will select the Product table. The preview pane only shows Record items because all records in
the document are represented as a Record type in Power BI.
Select the Edit button to open the records in Power Query.
In Power Query, select the Expander button to the right side of the Column1 header, which will
display the context menu with a list of fields. Select the fields that you want to load into Power
BI Desktop, clear the Use original column name as prefix checkbox, and then select OK.
Review the selected data to ensure that you are satisfied with it, then select Close & Apply to
load the data into Power BI Desktop.
The data now resembles a table with rows and columns. Data from Cosmos DB can now be
related to data from other data sources and can eventually be used in a Power BI report.
https://community.powerbi.com/t5/Desktop/Power-BI-integration-with-NoSQL-database/m-p/
375176
Can bookmarks be used to create a slide show in Power BI?

Yes, you can, by adding buttons as navigation to go between saved bookmarks.
(Correct)

No, you cannot, because bookmarks are not dynamic.

No, you will require a specific visual to achieve this task.

Yes, you can, by selecting the Slide Show feature within Power BI Desktop, then select the bookmarks to be used in the
presentation.
Explanation
You can use bookmarks to create a slide show in Power BI by adding buttons as navigation to go
between saved bookmarks.
You can use the Bookmarks, Buttons, and Selections features in Power BI Desktop to make

your report more compelling, interactive, and simpler for users to navigate.
• Bookmarks - Capture the currently configured view of a report page so you can quickly return
to that view later. You can use bookmarks for different reasons. For example, you can use them
to keep track of your own progress when creating reports. You can also use them to build a
PowerPoint-like presentation that goes through the bookmarks in order, thereby telling a story
with your report.
• Buttons - Create a more interactive experience for the report users. With the addition of
buttons that have assigned actions, your report behaves similar to an app, where users can hover,
select, and interact more with the content.
• Selections - Allow you to determine what items in the report are visible and what items are
hidden. Selections are used alongside bookmarks and buttons.
Consider a situation where you have designed a report page and want to have a second page that
looks almost the same, except that one of the visuals will be different. Rather than creating a
second page and manually making changes, you can use a combination of selections, bookmarks,
and buttons to switch between the two visuals on one page.
Add bookmarks
When you add a bookmark, the following elements are saved with it:
• Current page
• Filters
• Slicers, including slicer type (for example, drop-down or list) and slicer state
• Visual selection state (such as cross-highlight filters)
• Sort order
• Drill location
• Visibility of an object (by using the Selection pane)
• Focus or Spotlight modes of any visible object

In this example, you want to add bookmarks to allow users to switch between two visuals on one
page. First, you need to set up how you want the page to initially display.
When you have added and formatted all the visuals and other items on the page, you can add a
bookmark to capture a snapshot of the page in its current state.
Before adding a bookmark, go to the View tab in the ribbon and select Selection. The

displayed Selection pane includes a list of all items on your page, along with an eye icon that
indicates the items that are currently visible. You can rename the items in the list by double-
clicking them so you clearly know which one is which.
Now you are ready to add the bookmark. On the View tab, select Bookmarks. On

the Bookmarks panel that displays, select Add. It's good practice to rename the new bookmark
so its purpose is clear; this notion is especially true if you plan on adding multiple bookmarks.
To rename a bookmark, double-click the bookmark and enter the new name. In this example, you
want to change the bookmark name from Bookmark 1 to Variance Chart because
the Variance chart is the main focus of the page, as shown in the following image. In
the Selection pane, the Variance chart displays and the other visuals are hidden.
Next, you can add the second bookmark. Start by making changes to how the page currently
appears. In this example, you will add another bookmark for the main dashboard charts. Because
you only want to see charts from the main dashboard, you can hide the Visual chart by selecting
its eye icon on the Selections pane. Then, add a bookmark for this new view of the page and
rename it as Main Dashboard.
Now, you can switch between the two bookmarks to see the difference in the page.
Repeat these steps to add more bookmarks. In summary, you would select items that you want to
show/hide on the report page, add a bookmark, and then give it a descriptive name.
You can now assign those bookmarks to buttons so that users can switch between the
bookmarks.
https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/power-bi/create-reports/desktop-bookmarks
Power BI can be simple and fast, capable of creating quick insights from an Excel workbook or a
local database. But Power BI is also robust and enterprise-grade, ready not only for extensive
modelling and real-time analytics, but also for custom development.
Power BI consists of three parts. Which are they? (Select three)


Power BI Portal

Power BI Apps
(Correct)

Power BI Hub

Power BI Desktop
(Correct)

Power BI Service
(Correct)
Explanation
Microsoft Power BI is a collection of software services, apps, and connectors that work together
to turn your unrelated sources of data into coherent, visually immersive, and interactive insights.
Whether your data is a simple Microsoft Excel workbook, or a collection of cloud-based and on-
premises hybrid data warehouses, Power BI lets you easily connect to your data sources,
visualize (or discover) what's important, and share that with anyone or everyone you want.
Power BI can be simple and fast, capable of creating quick insights from an Excel workbook or
a local database. But Power BI is also robust and enterprise-grade, ready not only for extensive
modelling and real-time analytics, but also for custom development. Therefore, it can be your
personal report and visualization tool, but can also serve as the analytics and decision engine
behind group projects, divisions, or entire corporations.
The parts of Power BI
Power BI consists of a Microsoft Windows desktop application called Power BI Desktop, an

online SaaS (Software as a Service) service called the Power BI service, and mobile Power
BI apps that are available on any device, with native mobile BI apps for Windows, iOS, and
Android.
These three elements—Desktop, the service, and Mobile apps—are designed to let people

create, share, and consume business insights in the way that serves them, or their role, most
effectively.
How Power BI matches your role
How you use Power BI might depend on your role on a project or a team. And other people, in
other roles, might use Power BI differently, which is just fine.
For example, you might view reports and dashboards in the Power BI service, and that might be
all you do with Power BI. But your number-crunching, business-report-creating coworker might
make extensive use of Power BI Desktop (and publish Power BI Desktop reports to the Power
BI service, which you then use to view them). And another coworker, in sales, might mainly use
her Power BI phone app to monitor progress on her sales quotas and drill into new sales lead
details.
You also might use each element of Power BI at different times, depending on what you're
trying to achieve, or what your role is for a given project or effort.
Perhaps you view inventory and manufacturing progress in a real-time dashboard in the service,
and also use Power BI Desktop to create reports for your own team about customer engagement
statistics. How you use Power BI can depend on which feature or service of Power BI is the best
tool for your situation. But each part of Power BI is available to you, which is why it's so flexible
and compelling.
We discuss these three elements—Desktop, the service, and Mobile apps—in more detail later.

In upcoming units and modules, we'll also create reports in Power BI Desktop, share them in the
service, and eventually drill into them on our mobile device.
Download Power BI Desktop
You can download Power BI Desktop from the web or as an app from the Microsoft Store on the
Windows tab.
Windows Store App | Windows Store | Will automatically stay updated
Download from web | Download .msi | Must manually update periodically
Before you can sign in to Power BI, you'll need an account. To get a free trial, go
to app.powerbi.com and sign up with your email address.
The flow of work in Power BI
A common flow of work in Power BI begins in Power BI Desktop, where a report is created.
That report is then published to the Power BI service and finally shared, so that users of Power
BI Mobile apps can consume the information.
https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/power-bi/fundamentals/service-basic-concepts
Gateway software acts like a bridge; it allows organizations to retain databases and other data
sources on their on-premises networks and access that on-premises data in cloud services, such
as Power BI and Microsoft Azure Analysis Services.
A gateway facilitates quick, behind-the-scenes communication that flows from a user in the
cloud to your on-premises data source and then back again to the cloud.
Which gateway mode is best described by:
“This type of gateway can be used only with Power BI and it cannot be shared with other users.
The gateway is installed on your local computer, which needs to stay online for the gateway to
work.”

Author mode

Subscriber mode

Organization mode

Admin mode

Member mode

Contributor mode

Personal mode
(Correct)

Editor mode
Explanation
Gateway software acts like a bridge; it allows organizations to retain databases and other data
sources on their on-premises networks and access that on-premises data in cloud services, such
as Power BI and Microsoft Azure Analysis Services.
A gateway facilitates quick, behind-the-scenes communication that flows from a user in the
cloud to your on-premises data source and then back again to the cloud.
Two types of on-premises gateways are:
• Organization mode - Allows multiple users to connect to multiple on-premises data sources
and is suitable for complex scenarios. The gateway must be installed on the same server as the
data source.
• Personal mode - Allows one user to connect to data sources. This type of gateway can be used
only with Power BI and it can't be shared with other users, so it is suitable in situations where
you're the only one in your organization who creates reports. You will install the gateway on
your local computer, which needs to stay online for the gateway to work.
Use an on-premises gateway
Before you can connect to your on-premises data source, you need to install the on-premises data
gateway, and then configure it to suit your organizational needs. Usually, this task is completed
by an admin in your organization.
When the on-premises gateway is installed and configured, you can start the gateway and then
sign in by using your Microsoft 365 organization account.
When you are working in the cloud and interacting with an element that is connected to an on-
premises data source, the following actions occur:
• The cloud service creates a query and the encrypted credentials for the on-premises data source.
The query and credentials are sent to the gateway queue for processing.
• The gateway cloud service analyzes the query and pushes the request to Microsoft Azure
Service Bus.
• Service Bus sends the pending requests to the gateway.
• The gateway gets the query, decrypts the credentials, and then connects to one or more data
sources with those credentials.
• The gateway sends the query to the data source to be run.
• The results are sent from the data source back to the gateway and then to the cloud service. The
service then uses the results.
Troubleshoot an on-premises data gateway
Troubleshooting a gateway is an ever-changing topic. Refer to the following documents for the
latest troubleshooting guidance:
• To learn how to run a network port test, see Adjust communication settings for the on-premises
data gateway.
https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/data-integration/gateway/service-gateway-
communication#network-ports-test/?azure-portal=true
•To get information on how to provide proxy information for your gateway, see Configure proxy
settings for the on-premises data gateway.
https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/data-integration/gateway/service-gateway-proxy/
• To find the current data centre region that you're in, see Set the data centre region.
https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/data-integration/gateway/service-gateway-data-region/
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Question 1:

What would be used to do this?

Here is a walkthrough of the scenario to see how parameters are used:

If you want to return to the design surface, select the Design button.

To add a parameter, right-click Parameters and select Add Parameter. The Report Parameter

4. If the parameter can contain a blank value, select Allow blank value.

5. If the parameter can contain a null value, select Allow null value.

7. Set the visibility option.

The USERELATIONSHIP DAX function allows you to override default behaviour.

Consider the following data model example.

Sales by Ship Date = CALCULATE(Sales[TotalPrice], USERELATIONSHIP('Calendar'[Date],

To connect to a tabular model

1. In Power BI Desktop, on the Home tab, select Get Data → More → Database.

2. Select SQL Server Analysis Services database, and then select Connect.

4. This step in the Navigator window depends on the connection mode you selected:

• If you’re connecting live, select a tabular model or perspective.

How can this be achieved?

Which feature is best described by:

• Visual selection state (such as cross-highlight filters)

• Visibility of an object (by using the Selection pane)

• Focus or Spotlight modes of any visible object

Before adding a bookmark, go to the View tab in the ribbon and select Selection. The

Now you are ready to add the bookmark. On the View tab, select Bookmarks. On

How should this be resolved?

Your first task is to create a workspace by following these steps:

2. Select the Workspaces drop-down menu.

3. Select the Create a workspace button at the bottom of the resulting panel.

You have now created a workspace.

Assign workspace roles

The abilities of role types in a workspace include:

• Add/remove other users

• Publish, update, and/or share an app in a workspace

• Create, edit, delete, and publish reports and content in a workspace

• View and interact with reports and dashboards in a workspace

• Configure data refreshes

• Cannot delete the workspace

• Cannot update the metadata about the workspace

• Cannot add or remove users

• Can schedule data refreshes

• Cannot add or remove users

• Can only view a report or dashboard in a workspace

• Can read data that is stored in workspace dataflows

You also use the following table for employee information.

1. Create a report in Microsoft Power BI Desktop.

• Import the data.

• Confirm the data model between both tables.

• Create the report visuals.

2. Create RLS roles in Power BI Desktop by using DAX.

3. Test the roles in Power BI Desktop.

4. Deploy the report to Microsoft Power BI service.

5. Add members to the role in Power BI service.

6. Test the roles in Power BI service.

Create a report in Power BI Desktop

Your next step is to create a Power BI report.

Create RLS roles in Power BI Desktop

Test the roles in Power BI Desktop

Deploy the report to Power BI service

Add members to the role in Power BI service

Test the roles in Power BI service