HCL Vs Na2CO3

EXPERIMENT NO.
AIM:
Determination of the strength of a given solution of dilute hydrochloric acid by titrating it against a
standard solution of sodium carbonate.
Theory
The strength of hydrochloric acid is determined by titrating it against a standard solution of sodium
carbonate.
The following reaction takes place:
Na2CO3 + 2HCl ⎯→ 2 NaCl + CO2 + H2O
In this titration, methyl orange, a weak base (yellow in the unionised form) is used as an indicator.
In this experiment also, the titration follows the usual course, i.e., the proton furnished by the
addition of the acid first neutralises sodium carbonate solution. When the entire sodium carbonate
solution is neutralised, the last drop of the acid added from the burette produces the pinkish red
colour change, which is the end point.
The concentration (strength) of the unknown solution is calculated in g/L. It is calculated from the
molarity of the solution. Here, the molarity equation is written as
Base Acid
a1M1V1 = a2M2V2
where, a1 and a2 are the acidity and basicity of the alkali and the acid, respectively. M1 and M2 are
the molarities, V1 and V2 are the volumes of the base and acid respectively used to neutralise each
other.
Apparatus required:
50ml burette, 10 ml pipette, conical flask and burette stand.
Chemicals required:
0.1M Na2CO3 solution, supplied HCL solution and methyl orange

Procedure:
(i) Clean the burette thoroughly, wash it with distilled water and finally rinse it with HCl
solution. (Always rinse the burette with the solution, which is to be taken in it). Clamp
the burette vertically in a burette stand. Fill HCl solution into the burette through a
funnel above the zero mark.
(ii) Remove the air gap, if any, from the nozzle of the burette by running the solution
forcefully from the burette nozzle.
(iii) Remove the funnel before noting initial reading of the burette. Also while noting the
reading, see that no drop of the liquid is hanging at the nozzle of the burette.
(iv) Note the initial reading by keeping the eye exactly at the same level as the meniscus of
the solution.
(v) Pipette out 10 mL of Na2CO3 solution in a washed and dried conical flask. Always wash
the pipette with water and rinse (Fig. 2.21) with the liquid to be measured before
pipetting out the liquid.
EXPERIMENT NO.2
(vi) Add 1-2 drops of methyl orange indicator to the conical flask(You’ll observe a colour
change to yellow).Titrate the base with HCl solution till a very faint pinkish-red is
obtained which is also the end point. Add HCl in lesser amounts initially and then
dropwise.
(vii) Read the lower meniscus of the solution in the burette again and record it as final
reading.
(viii) Repeat the procedure until three concordant readings are obtained. Record your
readings.
Observation:
No. of Volume of Initial burette Final burette Volume of Concordant

observations: Na2CO3 (V1mL) reading reading HCl used value of
(Final – Initial HCl
volume) mL (V2 mL)
1.
2.
3.
Calculations:
(i) Here we determine the strength of HCl by titrating it against a standard solution of
sodium carbonate and they react to form NaCl, CO2 and water. The chemical reaction can be
represented as;

Here 1 mole of sodium carbonate reacts with 2 moles of HCl. So according to Molarity equation,
(ii) Calculate the strength of HCl solution by using the equation
Na2CO3 solution HCl solution
a1M1V1 = a2M2V2
where M 1 and V1 are the molarity and volume of sodium carbonate solution respectively
and a1 is the number of moles of OH – (aq) ions supplied by one mole of the base (i.e. the
acidity of the Na2CO3 solution).
∴ a1 = 2 M2 and V2 are the molarity and volume respectively of hydrochloric acid solution.
a2 is the number of moles of H+ (aq) ions supplied by one mole of the acid (i.e. the basicity of
HCl).
∴ a2 = 1 Molar mass of Na2CO3 = 106 g mol–1, Molar mass of HCl = 36.5 g mol–1 ,
∴ Concentration (Strength) of HCl solution in g/L = Molarity × Molar mass

EXPERIMENT NO.2
Result:
Molarity of HCl solution is --------M
Strength of HCl solution is ....... g/L
Precautions:
(a) The burette should be rinsed thoroughly with the solution, which is to be taken in it.
(b)Air gap if any should be removed from the burette before titrating the solution. The nozzle of burette
should also be filled.
(c)The funnel should be removed from the burette before titration.
(d) The lower meniscus should be read for all transparent solutions and upper meniscus for coloured
solutions

HCL Vs Na2CO3

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HCL Vs Na2CO3

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EXPERIMENT NO.

The following reaction takes place:

Na2CO3 + 2HCl ⎯→ 2 NaCl + CO2 + H2O

50ml burette, 10 ml pipette, conical flask and burette stand.

0.1M Na2CO3 solution, supplied HCL solution and methyl orange

No. of Volume of Initial burette Final burette Volume of Concordant

(ii) Calculate the strength of HCl solution by using the equation

Na2CO3 solution HCl solution

∴ Concentration (Strength) of HCl solution in g/L = Molarity × Molar mass

Molarity of HCl solution is --------M

Strength of HCl solution is ....... g/L

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