Question 1: 

Incorrect
Can you access the Q&A feature by using buttons?

Yes, you can, but you will need to add the Q&A visual to your reporting canvas and then link your button with the visual
that you have added.
(Incorrect)


No, to use the Q&A feature, you will need to add a field for users to type the questions or a microphone toggle for audio
requests.


No, to use the Q&A feature, you will need to add the Q&A visual to your reporting canvas.


Yes, you can access the Q&A feature by selecting Q&A button type.
(Correct)

Explanation
Yes, you can access the Q&A feature by selecting the Q&A button type.

The Q&A feature in Power BI lets you explore your data in your own words by allowing you to
ask natural language questions and then providing you with answers to those questions.

This ability to ask questions is valuable to you, as the report author, and to your report users. It
gives you ideas for the type of visuals that you can display in your report and lets you quickly
add those visuals. Additionally, it gives your report users an effective tool that they can use to
get quick answers to their questions about the data, independently. This self-help aspect to Power
BI saves time for everyone involved.

Power BI records all questions that are asked, and you can use this information to set up
the Q&A feature to be more effective. When the Q&A feature answers so many questions, you'll
have fewer people turning to you for those answers.

Consider a situation where you've created a report for the Supply Chain team, and now the team
members have questions about various views or insights that they are interested in. You have
become inundated with questions and don't have time to address each one individually.
Consequently, you have decided to implement the Q&A feature so that users can ask questions
and get answers by themselves.

Add the Q&A visual to your report canvas

To get access to the Q&A feature, you need to add the Q&A visual to your report. You can
double-click anywhere on the canvas, and the visual should appear. Alternatively, you can select
the Q&A icon on the Visualizations pane.
The Q&A feature is also available as a button, which is a useful option if you want to save space
on your report canvas.
When the Q&A visual or button is added to your report, you can reposition and resize it. You
can also customize the formatting in the same way that you would for any other type of visual or
button.

You can start asking questions immediately by selecting one of the suggested questions or by
entering a question into the question box. As you type, Power BI will automatically display
suggestions to help you complete your question.
Set up the Q&A feature

When you have added the Q&A visual to your report, you can set up the underlying Q&A
feature so that it improves in answering questions about your data. Basically, you will teach
the Q&A feature to better understand people. This setup can be useful from the outset so that
you can get the visual ready for active use. However, setup does not stop at that point; you can
proactively monitor and review the questions that are coming through from users, and then you
can address misunderstandings or common typos. You can also manage the key terms that are
associated with your data, so you can add a library of synonyms that might be entered by
different users across the organization when they are asking questions about the data. You can
constantly calibrate the Q&A feature so that it provides better answers to your organization's
questions.

In this example, you receive feedback from users saying that they can't get data on sales by
country. To assess the problem, you enter sales by country into the question box. The visual
does not update; it does not answer your question. The following image shows that the
word country is underlined in red. When a red underline occurs, Power BI is telling you that it
does not understand this term. Knowing that the word country is not used in your dataset, you
decide to use the term region instead and ultimately discover why the question is not being
answered. Accordingly, you realize that you need to teach Power BI what you mean by adding a
new term to its thesaurus.
Select the settings icon to the right of the question box to open the Q&A setup window. Then,
select the Teach Q&A option.

Enter your question again, and then select the Submit button. In the Define the terms Q&A
didn't understand section that displays, enter your alternative term or synonym. In this case,
you will enter region. The following image shows that Power BI displays a preview result so
that you can see if this new term will return the results that you are looking for. If this result is
correct, select Save.
Now, when users search for sales by country, Power BI will know that they really mean sales by
region and will automatically display the associated data in the visual.
Use the Q&A feature to build visuals

When Power BI answers a question, and you find the visual result to be engaging or helpful, you
can add it as a standard visual to your report.

For example, if you review the questions that are being asked, and you see that several users are
asking the same question, you can add the answer to this question as a standard visual in the
report so they no longer have to ask the question. Similarly, you can also use the Q&A feature to
start building your report by asking questions and adopting the suggested visual result formats
from Power BI.

To turn a Q&A result into a standard visual, select the icon next to the question box.
 The Q&A feature is unique in that it does not require users to have knowledge of Power BI to
use the visual; users can ask their questions and they, too, can create insightful visuals.

https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/power-bi/create-reports/power-bi-tutorial-q-and-a

Question 2: Correct
Which are DAX functions that can be used to manipulate data using Time intelligence functions
and then build and compare calculations over those periods? (Select all that apply)

DATESBETWEEN
(Correct)


DATEADD
(Correct)


RECEIVED


NOMINAL


 NOT


TOTALYTD
(Correct)


PREVIOUSMONTH
(Correct)


AND

Explanation
All data analysts will have to deal with time. Dates are important, so we highly recommend that
you create or import a dates table. This approach will help make date and time calculations much
simpler in DAX. Some time calculations are simple to do in DAX, others are more difficult.

Data Analysis Expressions (DAX) includes time-intelligence functions that enable you to
manipulate data using time periods, including days, months, quarters, and years, and then build
and compare calculations over those periods. For instance, the following screenshot shows what
happens if you want to display a running total.
Notice that the totals increment for each month but then reset when the year changes. In other
programming languages, this result can be fairly complicated, often involving several variables
and looping through code. DAX makes this process fairly simple, as shown in the following
example:

DAX
YTD Total Sales = TOTALYTD
(
SUM('Sales OrderDetails'[Total Price])
, Dates[Date]
)

The YTD Total Sales measure uses a built-in DAX function called TOTALYTD. This function takes
an argument for the type of calculation. You can use the SUM function to get the Total Price, as
you've done throughout this module. The second argument that you want to operate over is
the Dates field. You can use your Dates table and add this measure to your visual, and you'll get
the running total result that you're looking for. You can use all functions with YTD, MTD, and QTD in
a similar fashion.
Another example of working with time would be comparing your current sales with the sales of a
previous time period. For instance, if you want to see the total sales of the month next to the total
sales of the prior month, you would enter the DAX measure definition, as shown in the following
example:

DAX
Total Sales Previous Month = CALCULATE
(
sum('Sales OrderDetails'[Total Price])
, PREVIOUSMONTH(Dates[Date])
)

This measure uses the CALCULATE function, indicating that you're overriding the context to evaluate
this expression the way that you want to. You're summing Total Price, as you've been doing
throughout this module. For the second argument, you're using PREVIOUSMONTH for the override,
which tells Power BI that, no matter what month is the default, the system should override it to
be the previous month.

The following screenshot shows the results in a table visual.

When you examine the months side-by-side, notice that the total sales for July compare to the
total sales for June.

https://www.sqlbi.com/articles/time-intelligence-in-power-bi-desktop/
 DATEADD

Returns a table that contains a column of dates, shifted either forward or backward in time by the
specified number of intervals from the dates in the current context.

DATESBETWEEN

Returns a table that contains a column of dates that begins with a specified start date and
continues until a specified end date.

PREVIOUSMONTH

Returns a table that contains a column of all dates from the previous month, based on the first
date in the dates column, in the current context.

TOTALYTD

Evaluates the year-to-date value of the expression in the current context.

https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/dax/time-intelligence-functions-dax

Question 3: Correct
When you create visuals, Power BI Desktop aggregates your data into groups, based on the
values that it finds in the underlying data. You can refine how those default groups are presented.

Which of the following is used for grouping continuous fields, such as numbers and dates?


Binning
(Correct)


Generalizing


Collecting


Segmenting

Explanation
When you create visuals, Power BI Desktop aggregates your data into groups, based on the
values that it finds in the underlying data. You can refine how those default groups are presented.
You can also create new groups by grouping two or more data points in a visual or putting values
into equal-sized groups (binning).
Grouping is used for categories of data. Binning is similar to grouping, but it is used for
grouping continuous fields, such as numbers and dates.

You can use the grouping and binning features to ensure that the visuals in your reports display
your data according to your preference. Using these features will help you to clearly view,
analyze, and explore the data and trends in your visuals. Additionally, you'll be able to identify
clusters, patterns of behaviour, data averages, and more. The results of this analysis will provide
your users with more specific insights on their data, which can help drive business decisions.

In this example, the Customer Service team has returned to you, greatly impressed by the
analysis that you have done. Now, they want you to further analyze their Help ticket data, asking
if you can segment the data into different groups and clusters. In particular, they want to identify
the cities with the highest sales.

Create a group

The following image shows a bar chart in which Power BI has automatically segmented the data
in the way that it found most useful: Total Sales by State. However, you want to group some of
the bars (states) together so that you can view them as one category, which will help the Sales
team identify the cities with the highest sales.

To create the group, use Ctrl + click to select the data points on the visual that you want to
group. In this case, it's states with sales greater than 500,000 dollars. Right-click one of those
selected data points and then select the Group data option.
When the group is created, notice that the visual updates to take into account the new group. The
following image shows that the other states, which are the states with lower sales (less than
500,000 dollars) have been grouped together and are highlighted in a different shade.
The new group field displays in the Legend bucket for the visual and is listed in the Fields pane.

When you create a group, you can change the way that the data is displayed in the visual. For
example, you might want to switch the values in each axis. You can also use the group in any of
the other visuals in your report. To do so, drag the group field from the Fields pane and then
drop it into the visual in which you want to use it.

Edit a group

Continuing with the previous example, you now want to edit the categories that make up your
group. Right-click the group field in either the Legend bucket or the Fields pane, and then
select Edit Groups.

In the Groups window that displays is a list of the groups and the different items within those
groups. The following image shows the States with Sales > 500k group and its members, along
with the Other group (States with Sales < 500k) that contains all other values that have not
been put into the first group. If you refresh your data, and new items appear in the ungrouped
values list, they'll all go into the Other group.
You can now make changes to the group. You can rename any group by double-clicking the
group title in the Groups and members section and entering a new name. You can add
ungrouped values into an existing group, remove values from an existing group, and create a new
group.

Create bin groups

The process of binning allows you to group your numerical and time field data into "bins" of
equal size. This approach allows you to visualize and identify trends in your data in more
meaningful ways. Binning allows you to right-size the data that Power BI Desktop displays.

In this example, you want to create bins (groups) for the Order Qty field. Start in
the Fields pane by right-clicking the Order Qty field that you want to create the bins for, and
then select New Group. On the Groups window that displays, set the Bin size to the size that
you want, adjust other settings as required, and then select OK.

When you have set up the bin group, you'll see a new field in the Fields pane
with (bins) appended to its name. You can then drag that field onto the canvas to use the bin size
in a visual.

https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/power-bi/create-reports/desktop-grouping-and-binning

Question 4: Correct
 Scenario: You have been hired as a consultant by Advanced Idea Mechanics (AIM) to oversee a
large Power BI project. This project is focused towards the internet sales data.

Required: Create a measure which estimates the variance of the SalesAmount_EUR column

from the InternetSales_EUR table, for the entire population. The mathematical formula for this
calculation must follow the company accepted standard: ∑(x - x̃ )²/n.

Which DAX formula should be used?


VAR.EUR


VAR.S


VAR.P
(Correct)


VAR.X

Explanation
VAR.P assumes that the column refers to the entire population. If your data represents a sample
of the population, then compute the variance using VAR.S.

VAR.P

Syntax

DAX
VAR.P(<columnName>)

Parameters

Term: columnName

Definition: The name of an existing column using standard DAX syntax, usually fully qualified.
It cannot be an expression.

Return value

A number with the variance of the entire population.

Remarks
 • VAR.P assumes that the column refers the entire population. If your data represents a sample of
the population, then compute the variance by using VAR.S.

• VAR.P uses the following formula:

∑(x - x̃ )²/n

where x̃ is the average value of x for the entire population

and n is the population size

• Blank rows are filtered out from columnName and not considered in the calculations.

• An error is returned if columnName contains less than 2 non-blank rows

• This function is not supported for use in DirectQuery mode when used in calculated columns or
row-level security (RLS) rules.

Example

The following example shows the formula for a measure that estimates the variance of the
SalesAmount_EUR column from the InternetSales_EUR table, for the entire population.

DAX
= VAR.P(InternetSales_EUR[SalesAmount_EUR])

https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/dax/var-p-function-dax
Question 5: Incorrect
Some of your report users will want to view your report on their mobile phone or tablet.

True or False: While users can view any Power BI report page in landscape orientation by
default, for mobile responsiveness you will need to enable Dynamic Responsiveness within
Power BI Desktop. This way, as a visual changes size, Power BI gives priority to the data and
makes small changes, such as removing padding or repositioning the legend, so that the data
remains visible.


True
(Incorrect)


False
(Correct)

Explanation
Some of your report users will want to view your report on their mobile phone or tablet. While
they can view any Power BI report page in landscape orientation, you might want to create an
additional view that is optimized for mobile devices and displays in portrait orientation. Power
BI gives you the power to use visuals that make sense for mobile users and rearrange those
visuals in the most effective way.
When you have finished creating your report for the regular web view, you can then change the
report so that it's optimized for use on phones and tablets.

To create a mobile-optimized version of your report, you can:

• Design a mobile layout view, where you can drag and drop certain visuals onto a phone
emulator canvas.

• Use visuals and slicers that are suitable for use on small, mobile screens.

To publish a mobile-optimized version of your report, you can publish the main report as you did
previously. The web and mobile versions are published at the same time.

Design a mobile report layout

To design the mobile-optimized view of a report page, start by opening the mobile layout view
for that page. In Power BI Desktop, open the specific report page, select the View tab, and then
select Mobile layout.

This selection will result in showing a scrollable canvas that is shaped like a phone and
a Visualizations pane that lists all visuals on the original report page. Each visual appears with
its name, for easy identification, and a visibility indicator that is useful when you are working
with bookmarks. The visibility indicator of a visual will change depending on the visibility status
of the visual in the current state of the web report view.
To add a visual to the mobile layout canvas, drag the visual from the Visualizations pane to the
phone canvas, or double-click the visual in the Visualization pane. You can then resize and
reposition the visual in the same way that you would a report page. Repeat these steps to add
other visuals to the mobile layout canvas.
Configure visuals and slicers for use in mobile reports

By default, many visuals in Power BI are responsive, which means that they change dynamically
to display the maximum amount of data and insight, regardless of the screen size. As a visual
changes size, Power BI gives priority to the data and makes small changes, such as removing
padding or repositioning the legend, so that the data remains visible. When it comes to
configuring visuals for mobile reports, Power BI does all the hard work for you. However, if you
 want to turn off this default responsiveness, you can do so in the General section of the visual's
format settings.

Regarding slicers, which offer on-canvas filtering of report data, you might want to modify some
settings to optimize them for mobile use. Return to the regular report authoring mode to edit the
slicer settings, and then consider the following points:

• Determine whether you want to allow report readers to select only one item or multiple items.

• Decide on the orientation of the slicer, whether it should be vertical, horizontal, or responsive
(responsive slicers must be horizontal). If you make the slicer responsive, as you change its size
and shape, it shows more or fewer options. If you make the slicer small enough, it becomes a
filter icon on the report page.

https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/power-bi/create-reports/desktop-create-phone-report
Question 6: Incorrect
True or False: By default, Power Query examines the first 500 rows of your data set. To change
this, select the profiling status in the status bar and select Column profiling based on entire data
set.

True
(Incorrect)


False
(Correct)

Explanation
Profiling data is about studying the nuances of the data: determining anomalies, examining and
developing the underlying data structures, and querying data statistics such as row counts, value
distributions, minimum and maximum values, averages, and so on. This concept is important
because it allows you to shape and organize the data so that interacting with the data and
identifying the distribution of the data is uncomplicated, therefore helping to make your task of
working with the data on the front end to develop report elements near effortless.

Assume that you are developing reports for the Sales team at your organization. You are
uncertain how the data is structured and contained within the tables, so you want to profile the
data behind the scenes before you begin developing the visuals. Power BI has inherent
functionality that makes these tasks user-friendly and straightforward.

Examine data structures

Before you begin examining the data in Power Query Editor, you should first learn about the
underlying data structures that data is organized in. You can view the current data model under
the Model tab on Power BI Desktop.
On the Model tab, you can edit specific column and table properties by selecting a table or
columns, and you can transform the data by using the Transform Data button, which takes you
to Power Query Editor. Additionally, you can manage, create, edit, and delete relationships
between different tables by using Manage Relationships, which is located on the ribbon.

Find data anomalies and data statistics

After you have created a connection to a data source and have selected Transform Data, you are
brought to Power Query Editor, where you can determine if anomalies exist within your data.
Data anomalies are outliers within your data. Determining what those anomalies are can help you
identify what the normal distribution of your data looks like and whether specific data points
exist that you need to investigate further. Power Query Editor determines data anomalies by
using the Column Distribution feature.

Select View on the ribbon, and under Data Preview, you can choose from a few options. To
understand data anomalies and statistics, select the Column Distribution, Column Quality,
and Column Profile options. The following figure shows the statistics that appear.

Column quality and Column distribution are shown in the graphs above the columns of

data. Column quality shows you the percentages of data that is valid, in error, and empty. In an
ideal situation, you want 100 percent of the data to be valid.
Note: By default, Power Query examines the first 1000 rows of your data set. To change this,
select the profiling status in the status bar and select Column profiling based on entire data set.
Column distribution shows you the distribution of the data within the column and the counts of
distinct and unique values, both of which can tell you details about the data counts. Distinct
values are all values in a column, including duplicates and null values, while unique values do
not include duplicates or nulls. Therefore, distinct in this table tells you the total count of how
many values are present, while unique tells you how many of those values only appear once.

Column profile gives you a more in-depth look into the statistics within the columns for the first
1,000 rows of data. This column provides several different values, including the count of rows,
which is important when verifying whether the importing of your data was successful. For
example, if your original database had 100 rows, you could use this row count to verify that 100
rows were, in fact, imported correctly. Additionally, this row count will show how many rows
that Power BI has deemed as being outliers (and therefore "errors"), empty rows and strings, and
the min and max, which will tell you the smallest and largest value in a column, respectively.
This distinction is particularly important in the case of numeric data because it will immediately
notify you if you have a maximum value that is beyond what your business identifies as a
"maximum." This value calls to your attention these values, which means that you can then focus
your efforts when delving deeper into the data. In the case where data was in the text column, as
seen in the previous image, the minimum value is the first value and the maximum value is the
last value when in alphabetical order.

Additionally, the Value distribution graph tells you the counts for each unique value in that
specific column. When looking at the graph in the previous image, notice that the value
distribution indicates that "Anthony Grosse" appears the greatest number of times within
the SalesPerson column and that "Lily Code" appears the least amount of times. This
information is particularly important because it identifies outliers. If a value appears far more
than other values in a column, the Value distribution feature allows you to pinpoint a place to
begin your investigation into why this is so.

On a numeric column, Column Statistics will also include how many zeroes and null values
exist, along with the average value in the column, the standard deviation of the values in the
column, and how many even and odd values are in the column. These statistics give you an idea
of the distribution of data within the column, and are important because they summarize the data
in the column and serve as a starting point to determine what the outliers are.

For example, while looking through invoice data, you notice that the Value distribution graph
shows that a few salespeople in the SalesPerson column appear the same amount of times within
the data. Additionally, you notice the same situation has occurred in the Profit column and in a
few other tables as well. During your investigation, you discover that the data you were using
was bad data and needed to be refreshed, so you immediately complete the refresh. Without
viewing this graph, you might not have seen this error so quickly and, for this reason, value
distribution is essential.

After you have completed your edits in Power Query Editor and are ready to begin building
visuals, return to Home on the Power Query Editor ribbon. Select Close & Apply, which will
return you to Power BI Desktop and any column edits/transformations will also be applied.
 You have now determined the elements that make up profiling data in Power BI, which include
loading data in Power BI, interrogating column properties to gain clarity about and make further
edits to the type and format of data in columns, finding data anomalies, and viewing data
statistics in Power Query Editor. With this knowledge, you can include in your toolkit the ability
to study your data in an efficient and effective manner.

https://community.powerbi.com/t5/Community-Blog/Data-Profiling-in-Power-BI-Power-BI-
Update-April-2019/ba-p/674555

Question 7: Incorrect
While the process of data analysis focuses on the tasks of cleaning, modelling , and visualizing
data, the concept of data analysis and its importance to business should not be understated. To
analyze data, core components of analytics are divided into the following categories:

• Descriptive

• Diagnostic

• Predictive

• Prescriptive

• Cognitive

Which of these categories asks the question:

“What is happening in my business?”


Prescriptive


Descriptive
(Correct)


Diagnostic
(Incorrect)


Cognitive


Predictive

Explanation
Data-driven businesses make decisions based on the story that their data tells, and in today's
data-driven world, data is not being used to its full potential, a challenge that most businesses
face. Data analysis is, and should be, a critical aspect of all organizations to help determine the
impact to their business, including evaluating customer sentiment, performing market and
product research, and identifying trends or other data insights.

While the process of data analysis focuses on the tasks of cleaning, modelling , and visualizing
data, the concept of data analysis and its importance to business should not be understated. To
analyze data, core components of analytics are divided into the following categories:

• Descriptive

• Diagnostic
• Predictive

• Prescriptive

• Cognitive

Descriptive analytics

Descriptive analytics help answer questions about what has happened based on historical data.
Descriptive analytics techniques summarize large datasets to describe outcomes to stakeholders.

By developing key performance indicators (KPIs), these strategies can help track the success or
failure of key objectives. Metrics such as return on investment (ROI) are used in many
industries, and specialized metrics are developed to track performance in specific industries.

An example of descriptive analytics is generating reports to provide a view of an organization's

sales and financial data.

Diagnostic analytics

Diagnostic analytics help answer questions about why events happened. Diagnostic analytics
techniques supplement basic descriptive analytics, and they use the findings from descriptive
analytics to discover the cause of these events. Then, performance indicators are further
investigated to discover why these events improved or became worse. Generally, this process
occurs in three steps:

1. Identify anomalies in the data. These anomalies might be unexpected changes in a metric or a
particular market.

2. Collect data that's related to these anomalies.

3. Use statistical techniques to discover relationships and trends that explain these anomalies.

Predictive analytics

Predictive analytics help answer questions about what will happen in the future. Predictive
analytics techniques use historical data to identify trends and determine if they're likely to recur.
Predictive analytical tools provide valuable insight into what might happen in the future.
Techniques include a variety of statistical and machine learning techniques such as neural
networks, decision trees, and regression.

Prescriptive analytics

Prescriptive analytics help answer questions about which actions should be taken to achieve a
goal or target. By using insights from predictive analytics, organizations can make data-driven
decisions. This technique allows businesses to make informed decisions in the face of
uncertainty. Prescriptive analytics techniques rely on machine learning strategies to find patterns
in large datasets. By analyzing past decisions and events, organizations can estimate the
likelihood of different outcomes.

Cognitive analytics

Cognitive analytics attempt to draw inferences from existing data and patterns, derive
conclusions based on existing knowledge bases, and then add these findings back into the
knowledge base for future inferences, a self-learning feedback loop. Cognitive analytics help you
learn what might happen if circumstances change and determine how you might handle these
situations.

Inferences aren't structured queries based on a rules database; rather, they're unstructured
hypotheses that are gathered from several sources and expressed with varying degrees of
confidence. Effective cognitive analytics depend on machine learning algorithms, and will use
several natural language processing concepts to make sense of previously untapped data sources,
such as call centre conversation logs and product reviews.

https://www.weirdgeek.com/2018/11/types-of-analytics/

Question 8: Correct
Report navigation is the way in which your report users move from one page in your report to the
next, move from one visual to another, and return to where they started. The design of your
report navigation is important because, if users can't easily find their way around in your reports,
they will become frustrated and will have a negative experience.

You can use a range of buttons and bookmarks when designing your report navigation, and you
can further enhance this navigation experience with the use of conditional formatting.

To use conditional formatting to set the navigation, start by creating a single-column table that
contains the names of the navigation destinations. In the table, ensure that the entered values
match your report page names.

Larger image
 When you load the table, add it to the report page as a single-select slicer. Next, add a page
navigation button. In the Actions section, what should the Destination field be set to?

Larger image


In the Actions section, ensure that None is set as the Destination, right-click the destination, and then select Conditional
formatting.
(Correct)


In the Actions section, ensure that Visual endpoint is set as the Destination.

In the Actions section, ensure that Visual is set as the Destination, right-click the destination, and then select the Visual
name.


In the Actions section, ensure that Report is set as the Destination, right-click the destination, and then select the Report
name.

Explanation
Report navigation is the way in which your report users move from one page in your report to the
next, move from one visual to another, and return to where they started. The design of your
report navigation is important because, if users can't easily find their way around in your reports,
they will become frustrated and will have a negative experience.

You can use a range of buttons and bookmarks when designing your report navigation, and you
can further enhance this navigation experience with the use of conditional formatting.

Add navigation buttons

To design the navigation within your report, you can create a new Navigation page in your
report and add navigation buttons on that page. You can also use a combination of both options.
When users select one of these buttons, they are brought directly to a different page within the
report, which you can hide so that it can only be accessed through the Navigation page buttons.

In the following example, you will create a Navigation page on which you add two navigation
buttons to your other pages.

This example shows how to expand the Actions section in the Visualizations pane, select Page

navigation as the action type, and then select the page in your report that is the Destination for
the button.

When you have set up the first navigation button, copy and paste that button to create the second
navigation button so you preserve the formatting that you applied to the first button. Then,
change the title and destination for the second button.
When you select a button, you will be brought directly to the assigned page destination. When
you are on that destination page, to return to the Navigation page, you can use one of the
following Back button navigation options:

• Select the Back button from the main Buttons menu, and then reposition the button to where
you want it to sit on the page.
• Select the Blank button from the main Buttons menu, reposition and customize the button as
required, and then select Back as the action type.
Set the navigation destination

You can use conditional formatting to set the navigation destination based on the output of a
measure. One reason that you might want to use this type of navigation method is to save space
in your report. For example, rather than using multiple navigation buttons (as illustrated in the
previous image), you can use a single button to navigate to different pages based on the user's
selection (as illustrated in the following image).

Other reasons for using this type of navigation include:

• To specify the logical path that your report users should take. In other words, you determine the
order in which users view each page.

• To tell a data-driven story. For example, you could use it to give your employees a message
that is backed up by the data. This method could be useful to help drive change, such as increase
sales.

• To create a reporting portal where users can navigate to a set of reports.

To use conditional formatting to set the navigation, start by creating a single-column table that
contains the names of the navigation destinations. In the table, ensure that the entered values
match your report page names.
When you load the table, add it to the report page as a single-select slicer. Next, add a page
navigation button. In the Actions section, ensure that None is set as the Destination, right-click
the destination, and then select Conditional formatting.

On the Destination window, select the name of the column that you created. Notice that, based
on the user's selection, the button can navigate to different pages. Configure the conditional
formatting to complete your navigation design.
 https://powerbi.microsoft.com/en-us/blog/designing-custom-navigation-for-power-bi-apps-is-
now-available
Question 9: Incorrect
Scenario: You are working at HAMMER Industries and have loaded raw sales data from two
sources into a Power BI model.

Some of the data came from a .csv file that was created manually in Microsoft Excel by the Sales
team. The other data was loaded through a connection to your organization's Enterprise Resource
Planning (ERP) system. The data in was in disarray and needed to be scrubbed and now you
need to take further action to simplify the structure of the sales data and get it ready for
developing reports for the Sales team.

You have already renamed the columns.

Required: Now you need to examine the names of the queries (tables) to determine if any
improvements can be made. You also need to review the contents of the columns and replace any
values that require correction.

Which of the following are actions which can be performed using Power Query Editor in Power
BI Desktop? (Select all that apply)


Remove duplicates
(Correct)


Replace null values
(Correct)


Rename a query
(Correct)


Set dynamic cache


Replace values
(Correct)

Explanation
Soft limit of persistent cache is 4GB. A soft limit can be exceeded for periods of time, but it is not
dynamic.

When you import data from multiple sources into Power BI Desktop, the data retains its
predefined table and column names. You might want to change some of these names so that they
are in a consistent format, easier to work with, and more meaningful to a user. You can use
Power Query Editor in Power BI Desktop to make these name changes and simplify your data
structure.

Rename a query

It's good practice to change uncommon or unhelpful query names to names that are more obvious
or that the user is more familiar with. For instance, if you import a product fact table into Power
BI Desktop and the query name displays as FactProductTable, you might want to change it to a
more user-friendly name, such as Products. Similarly, if you import a view, the view might have
a name that contains a prefix of v, such as vProduct. People might find this name unclear and
confusing, so you might want to remove the prefix.

In this example, you have examined the name of the TargetSales query and realize that this name
is unhelpful because you'll have a query with this name for every year. To avoid confusion, you
want to add the year to the query name.

In Power Query Editor, in the Queries pane to the left of your data, select the query that you
want to rename. Right-click the query and select Rename. Edit the current name or type a new
name, and then press Enter.
Replace values

You can use the Replace Values feature in Power Query Editor to replace any value with
another value in a selected column.

In this example, you notice that, in the Attribute column, the month December is misspelled.
You need to correct this spelling mistake. Select the column that contains the value that you want
to replace (Attribute in this case), and then select Replace Values on the Transform tab.
In the Value to Find box, enter the name of the value that you want to replace, and then in
the Replace With box, enter the correct value name and then select OK. In Power Query, you
can't select one cell and change one value, like you might have done in Excel.
You can review the list of steps that you took to restructure and correct your data in the Query
Settings pane. When you have completed all steps that you want to take, you can select Close &
Apply to close Power Query Editor and apply your changes to your data model. However, you
can take further action to clean and transform your data.

Replace null values

Occasionally, you might find that your data sources contain null values. For example, a freight
amount on a sales order might have a null value if it's synonymous with zero. If the value stays
null, the averages will not calculate correctly. One solution would be to change the nulls to zero,
which will produce the more accurate freight average. In this instance, using the same steps that
you followed previously will help you replace the null values with zero.

Remove duplicates

You can also remove duplicates from columns to only keep unique names in a selected column
by using the Remove Duplicates feature in Power Query.
In this example, notice that the Category Name column contains duplicates for each category.
As a result, you want to create a table with unique categories and use it in your data model. You
can achieve this action by selecting a column, right-clicking on the header of the column, and
then selecting the Remove Duplicates option.

You might consider copying the table before removing the duplicates. The Copy option is at the
top of the context menu, as shown in the following screenshot. Copying the table before
removing duplicates will give you a comparison of the tables and will let you use both tables, if
needed.
 Best practices for naming tables, columns, and values

Naming conventions for tables, columns, and values have no fixed rules; however, we
recommend that you use the language and abbreviations that are commonly used within your
organization and that everyone agrees on and considers them as common terminology.

A best practice is to give your tables, columns, and measures descriptive business terms and
replace underscores ("_") with spaces. Be consistent with abbreviations, prefaces, and words like
"number" and "ID." Excessively short abbreviations can cause confusion if they are not
commonly used within the organization.

Also, by removing prefixes or suffixes that you might use in table names and instead naming
them in a simple format, you will help avoid confusion.

When replacing values, try to imagine how those values will appear on the report. Values that are
too long might be difficult to read and fit on a visual. Values that are too short might be difficult
to interpret. Avoiding acronyms in values is also a good idea, provided that the text will fit on the
visual.

https://www.wallstreetmojo.com/power-bi-query/

Question 10: Correct
What feature in Power BI service can you use to troubleshoot the flow of data from its source to
its destination?

Quick Insights


Lineage view
(Correct)


Query Caching


Usage Metrics report


Scheduled refresh

Explanation
Lineage view allows you to view and troubleshoot the data flow from source to destination.

The Lineage view feature in Power BI allows you to quickly refresh datasets and see the
relationships between the artifacts in a workspace and their external dependencies.
Consider this module's continuing scenario with Avengers Security as an example. Thus far,
you've developed several reports and have published them to the Avengers workspace. However,
because you are also collaborating with the Products team, it has become increasingly difficult to
track which reports need to be refreshed and which datasets are in which report. Consequently,
you want the ability to determine which datasets need to be refreshed because you've been
receiving reports of stale data. The path of data from its source to the destination can often be a
considerable challenge, more so if you have multiple datasets.

The Lineage view feature can help you accomplish this task efficiently and almost effortlessly.

Data lineage

Data lineage refers to the path that data takes from the data source to the destination.

The Lineage view feature in Power BI is crucial because it:

• Simplifies the troubleshooting process because you can see the path that the data takes from
source to destination and determine pain points and bottlenecks.

• Allows you to manage your workspaces and observe the impact of a single change in one
dataset to reports and dashboards.

• Saves time by simplifying your task of identifying reports and dashboards that haven't been
refreshed.

Use the Lineage view

The Lineage view is only accessible to Admin, Contributor, and Member roles. Additionally,

it requires a Power BI Pro license and is only available for app workspaces. To access
the Lineage view, go to the workspace, and then select Lineage from the View drop-down menu
on the top ribbon.

When the view canvas opens, you can begin to explore this view. The following example shown
an excerpt of the data lineage for the Avengers Sales workspace.
This view shows all the artifacts in your workspace. Artifacts include data sources, datasets and
dataflows, reports, and dashboards. Each card represents an artifact, and the arrows in between
these cards represent the flow of data or the relationship between different artifacts. By following
the arrows from left to right, you can observe the flow of data from the source to the destination,
which will often be a dashboard. Typically, the flow would be data sources →
datasets/dataflows → reports → dashboards.

Data sources

Each of the following cards is a data source that is used in your workspace.
The card tells you the type of data source (for example, Text/CSV) and the Gateway, which tells
you the source of your data. If you are connected to the data through an on-premises data
gateway, this card will tell you more information about the gateway. Additionally, if you double-
click the card, you will get more details about the data source, such as the file path and the
connection status.

Selecting the lower-right icon on the card will highlight the path from the data source to the
destination, as shown in the following screenshot, which clarifies the exact path that the data
takes.
Next are the datasets/dataflows, which are marked in blue.

Datasets/dataflows

Often, datasets and dataflows can connect to external data sources, such as SQL Server, or to
external datasets in other workspaces. The following examples show dataset and dataflow cards
on the Lineage view.
The Lineage view uses arrows to connect objects, such as datasets, with their data sources. On
these cards, you can see when the dataset was last refreshed, and you can refresh the dataset by
selecting the arrow icon on the lower-left corner of the card, as shown in the following
screenshot.
This component is a powerful troubleshooting feature that helps ensure that your dataset
refreshes are quick and uncomplicated.

Returning to the initial quandary with Avengers Security, you wanted to determine if the
company had stale datasets and then quickly refresh the data. By using the Lineage view feature,
you can go through the different datasets in one view and then use the Refresh data button to
refresh datasets that you determine as stale.

Additionally, if a dataset or dataflow belongs to a different workspace (in this case,

the Avengers workspace), it will be indicated on the card, as shown in the following screenshot.

By double-clicking on any card, you can view the metadata, such as the sensitivity, by whom it
was configured, the last refresh date, and the names and count of tables within this dataset, as
shown in the following figure.
You can also view the impact of this dataset across workspaces. By selecting the overlapping
window icon on the lower-right corner of a dataset card, you can determine the impact analysis
of the dataset.

On the Impact analysis window, you can see how many workspaces, reports, and dashboards
that this dataset is a part of and how many views that this dataset has gathered, as shown in the
following screenshot.
The bottom of the Impact Analysis window includes more detail about which specific reports
and dashboards that this dataset is part of. Additionally, you can select Notify contacts, which
allows you to notify dataset owners (or any other user) of changes in the dataset. Impact analysis
is useful because it allows you to pinpoint datasets that aren't being used or looked at.

Reports and dashboards

The reports and dashboards cards have similar functionality as the data source and dataset cards.

Selecting a card will bring up a window in which you can view the metadata about the report or
dashboard. In this window, you can also go directly to the report or dashboard. You can also
enable or disable whether you want to include this report or dashboard within the app.
This card also contains useful options under the ellipsis (...), as shown in the following figure.
From this menu, you can select to analyze the report in Microsoft Excel, delete a report, create
Quick Insights, save a copy directly to your local drive, and more.
 https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/power-bi/collaborate-share/service-data-lineage/
Question 11: Correct
Scenario: You have created a report for the Avengers Security Supply Chain team, and now the
team members have questions about various views or insights that they are interested in. You
have become inundated with questions and don't have time to address each one individually.

Which feature of Power BI should you utilize to assist with the questions?


Power BIbot


Power BI LOUIS app


Power BI Q&A feature
(Correct)


Power BI Assistant

Explanation
The Q&A feature in Power BI lets you explore your data in your own words by allowing you to
ask natural language questions and then providing you with answers to those questions.

This ability to ask questions is valuable to you, as the report author, and to your report users. It
gives you ideas for the type of visuals that you can display in your report and lets you quickly
add those visuals. Additionally, it gives your report users an effective tool that they can use to
get quick answers to their questions about the data, independently. This self-help aspect to Power
BI saves time for everyone involved.

Power BI records all questions that are asked, and you can use this information to set up
the Q&A feature to be more effective. When the Q&A feature answers so many questions, you'll
have fewer people turning to you for those answers.

Consider a situation where you've created a report for the Supply Chain team, and now the team
members have questions about various views or insights that they are interested in. You have
become inundated with questions and don't have time to address each one individually.
Consequently, you have decided to implement the Q&A feature so that users can ask questions
and get answers by themselves.

Add the Q&A visual to your report canvas

To get access to the Q&A feature, you need to add the Q&A visual to your report. You can
double-click anywhere on the canvas, and the visual should appear. Alternatively, you can select
the Q&A icon on the Visualizations pane.
The Q&A feature is also available as a button, which is a useful option if you want to save space
on your report canvas.
When the Q&A visual or button is added to your report, you can reposition and resize it. You
can also customize the formatting in the same way that you would for any other type of visual or
button.

You can start asking questions immediately by selecting one of the suggested questions or by
entering a question into the question box. As you type, Power BI will automatically display
suggestions to help you complete your question.
Set up the Q&A feature

When you have added the Q&A visual to your report, you can set up the underlying Q&A
feature so that it improves in answering questions about your data. Basically, you will teach
the Q&A feature to better understand people. This setup can be useful from the outset so that
you can get the visual ready for active use. However, setup does not stop at that point; you can
proactively monitor and review the questions that are coming through from users, and then you
can address misunderstandings or common typos. You can also manage the key terms that are
associated with your data, so you can add a library of synonyms that might be entered by
different users across the organization when they are asking questions about the data. You can
constantly calibrate the Q&A feature so that it provides better answers to your organization's
questions.

In this example, you receive feedback from users saying that they can't get data on sales by
country. To assess the problem, you enter sales by country into the question box. The visual
does not update; it does not answer your question. The following image shows that the
word country is underlined in red. When a red underline occurs, Power BI is telling you that it
does not understand this term. Knowing that the word country is not used in your dataset, you
decide to use the term region instead and ultimately discover why the question is not being
answered. Accordingly, you realize that you need to teach Power BI what you mean by adding a
new term to its thesaurus.
Select the settings icon to the right of the question box to open the Q&A setup window. Then,
select the Teach Q&A option.

Enter your question again, and then select the Submit button. In the Define the terms Q&A
didn't understand section that displays, enter your alternative term or synonym. In this case,
you will enter region. The following image shows that Power BI displays a preview result so
that you can see if this new term will return the results that you are looking for. If this result is
correct, select Save.
Now, when users search for sales by country, Power BI will know that they really mean sales by
region and will automatically display the associated data in the visual.
Use the Q&A feature to build visuals

When Power BI answers a question, and you find the visual result to be engaging or helpful, you
can add it as a standard visual to your report.

For example, if you review the questions that are being asked, and you see that several users are
asking the same question, you can add the answer to this question as a standard visual in the
report so they no longer have to ask the question. Similarly, you can also use the Q&A feature to
start building your report by asking questions and adopting the suggested visual result formats
from Power BI.

To turn a Q&A result into a standard visual, select the icon next to the question box.
 The Q&A feature is unique in that it does not require users to have knowledge of Power BI to
use the visual; users can ask their questions and they, too, can create insightful visuals.

https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/power-bi/create-reports/power-bi-tutorial-q-and-a

Question 12: Incorrect
Identify the missing word(s) in the following sentence within the context of Microsoft.

Power BI Desktop offers a range of out-of-the-box visualization options that are available
directly from the Visualizations pane. When you select the fields that you want to display in a
visualization, you can experiment with all the different visualization types to find the one that
best suits your needs.

Additional visualizations may also be added to Power BI by which of the following? (Select all
that apply)


Download from Microsoft AppSource
(Correct)


None of the listed options

Import your own custom visuals
(Correct)


Third party sources
(Correct)

Explanation
Power BI Desktop offers a range of out-of-the-box visualization options that are available
directly from the Visualizations pane. When you select the fields that you want to display in a
visualization, you can experiment with all the different visualization types to find the one that
best suits your needs. If you can't find a visual that meets your needs, you can download other
visuals from Microsoft AppSource or import your own custom visuals.

Depending on the type of data in your selected fields, one or more visualizations might not be
suitable. For example, geographic data will not display well as a funnel chart or line chart
visualization.

It is important that you choose an effective visualization to ensure that you display the data in the
best way possible. The following sections outline the different types of visualizations that are
available within Power BI Desktop, using the same data source for illustration purposes.

Table and Matrix visualizations

The table is a grid that contains related data in a logical series of rows and columns. The table
supports two dimensions and the data is flat, which means that duplicate values are displayed and
not aggregated. It can also contain headers and a row for totals.
The Matrix visualization looks similar to the table visualization; however, it allows you to select
one or more elements (rows, columns, values) in the matrix to cross-highlight other visuals on
the report page. In the following image, notice that a new field called Product Colour was
added to the columns, and the available colours are now spanning across the table, with the
categories listed in rows.
Bar and column charts

Power BI Desktop has a variety of bar and column chart visualizations that present specific data
across different categories in a stacked or clustered format. The stacked format will stack the
information items on top of each other.

For example, the following clustered column chart shows a single column with total sales for
each country, whereas the stacked column chart shows data for sales by country, by product
name. All sales data is stacked into one column to show you the total sales by country, broken
down by how much each product contributed to the overall total sales.
Line and area charts

The line chart and area chart visualizations are beneficial in helping you present trends over
time. The basic area chart is based on the line chart, with the area between axis and line filled in.
The main difference between these two chart types is that the area chart highlights the magnitude
of change over time.
Pie charts, doughnut charts, and treemaps

The pie chart, doughnut chart, and treemap visualizations show you the relationship of parts

to the whole by dividing the data into segments. From a data analysis perspective, these charts
are not useful because interpreting the data that they present can be difficult. However, these
charts are often used for aesthetic reasons due to the colourful segments that they display. These
charts are best suited for illustrating percentages, such as the top five sales by product or country,
or any other available categories.

The pie chart is a solid circle, whereas the doughnut chart has a centre that is blank and allows
space for a label or icon.
When using pie charts, doughnut charts, and treemaps, try to avoid presenting too many
categories because it results in thin slices (or rectangles) that provide no added value to the user.
If you do need to present all categories in your dataset, it's better to use another type of visual,
such as a column chart.

Pie charts and doughnut charts present data by dividing it into slices, while the treemap
visualization displays data as a set of nested rectangles. Each level of the hierarchy is represented
by a coloured rectangle (branch) containing smaller rectangles (leaves). The space inside each
rectangle is allocated based on the value that is being measured. The rectangles are arranged in
size from top left (largest) to bottom right (smallest).
A treemap is ideal to visualize:

• Large amounts of hierarchical data when a bar chart can't effectively handle the large number
of values.

• Proportions between each part and the whole.

• The distribution pattern of the measure across each level of categories in the hierarchy.

• Attributes, by using size and colour coding.

• Spot patterns, outliers, most-important contributors, and exceptions.

Combo charts

The combo chart visualization is a combination of a column chart and a line chart that can have
one or two Y axes. The combination of the two charts into one lets you:

• Compare multiple measures with different value ranges.

• Illustrate the correlation between two measures in one visual.

• Identify whether one measure meets the target that is defined by another measure.

• Conserve space on your report page.

Card visualization

The card visualization displays a single value: a single data point. This type of visualization is
ideal for visualizing important statistics that you want to track on your Power BI dashboard or
report, such as total value, YTD sales, or year-over-year change.

The multi-row card visualization displays one or more data points, with one data point for each
row.
Funnel visualization

The funnel visualization displays a linear process that has sequential connected stages, where
items flow sequentially from one stage to the next.

Funnel charts are most often seen in business or sales contexts. For example, they are useful for
representing a workflow, such as moving from a sales lead to a prospect, through to a proposal
and sale.
Funnel charts are great options in the following contexts:

• When the data is sequential and moves through at least four stages.

• When the number of items in the first stage is expected to be greater than the number of items
in the final stage.

• To calculate a potential outcome (revenue, sales, deals, and so on) by stages.

• To calculate and track conversion and retention rates.

• To reveal bottlenecks in a linear process.

Gauge chart
A radial gauge chart has a circular arc and displays a single value that measures progress toward
a goal or target.

The value at the end of the arc represents the defaulted maximum value, which will always be
double the actual value. To create a realistic visual, you should always specify each of the
values. You can accomplish this task by dropping the correct field that contains an amount into
the Target value, Minimum value, and Maximum value fields on the Visualization pane.

The shading in the arc represents the progress toward that target. The value inside the arc
represents the progress value. Power BI spreads all possible values evenly along the arc, from the
minimum (left-most value) to the maximum (right-most value).

Radial gauges can be used to show the progress that is being made toward a goal or target, or
they can show the health of a single measure. However, radial gauges do take up a lot of space in
comparison to the insights that they provide. It is more effective to use a pair of gauges with a
spark line so users can see the trend and know what to do about it.

Waterfall visualization

The waterfall visualization (also known as a bridge chart) shows a running total as values are
added or subtracted, which is useful in displaying a series of positive and negative changes. The
chart consists of colour-coded columns, so you can quickly identify increases and decreases. The
initial and the final value columns often start on the horizontal axis, while the intermediate
values are floating columns.
Waterfall charts can be used to:

• Visualize changes over time or across different categories.

• Audit the major changes that contribute to the total value.

• Plot your organization's annual profit by showing various sources of revenue to help determine
the total profit (or loss).

• Illustrate the beginning and ending headcount for your organization in a year.

• Visualize how much money you earn and spend each month and the running balance for your
account.

Scatter chart

The scatter chart visualization is effective when you are comparing large numbers of data points
without regard to time. The scatter chart has two value axes to show: one set of numerical data
along a horizontal axis and another set of numerical values along a vertical axis. The chart
displays points at the intersection of an X and Y numerical value, combining these values into
single data points. These data points might be distributed evenly or unevenly across the
horizontal axis, depending on the data. You can set the number of data points, up to a maximum
of 10,000.

You might want to use a scatter chart instead of a line chart because it allows you to change the
scale of the horizontal axis. Scatter charts also allow you to:

• Show relationships between two numerical values.

• Plot two groups of numbers as one series of x and y coordinates.

• Turn the horizontal axis into a logarithmic scale.

• Display worksheet data that includes pairs or grouped sets of values.

• Show patterns in large sets of data, for example, by showing linear or non-linear trends,
clusters, and outliers.

• Compare large numbers of data points without regard to time. The more data that you include
in a scatter chart, the better the comparisons that you can make.

The following example shows a scatter chart that displays outliers (anomalies) with a trendline
going up. The chart clearly shows that most products were sold at the same quantity, and only
some products were sold in larger quantities. By identifying those outliers, you can run further
analysis and break them down by country and region, which can help to improve logistics,
decrease costs, and increase customer satisfaction.
Maps

Power BI integrates with Bing Maps to provide default map coordinates (a process called
geocoding), so you can create maps. Together, they use algorithms to identify the correct
location; however, sometimes, it's a best guess.

A basic map (bubble map) is used to associate categorical and quantitative information with

spatial locations. This type of map visual displays precise geographical locations of data points
on a map, as illustrated in the following image. A fill map uses shading, tinting, or patterns to
display how a value differs in proportion across a geographical region. Similarly, shape maps use
colours to display relative comparisons of geographical regions. You can also use an ArcGIS
map to display graphical information in a more interactive way.

Slicer visualization
The slicer visualization is a standalone chart that can be used to filter the other visuals on the
page. Slicers provide a more advanced and customized way of filtering, in comparison to
the Filters pane, which is suited to more basic filtering operations. You can learn more about
these two filtering options in another module.

Slicers come in many different formats, including list, drop-down, and buttons, and they can be
formatted to allow the selection of only one, many, or all available values.

Slicers are ideal to:

• Visualize commonly used or important filters on the report canvas for easier access.

• Simplify your ability to see the current filtered state without having to open a drop-down list.

• Filter by columns that are unneeded and hidden in the data tables.

• Create more focused reports by putting slicers next to important visuals.

Tip: Using a slicer that is set to a drop-down format will defer the queries that are being sent to
the dataset and can help improve performance.

Q&A visualization

The Q&A visualization allows you to ask natural language questions and get answers in the form
of a visual. This ability to ask questions is valuable to consumers and to you, the report author.
This visualization type can help you create visuals in the report, and it can also be used as a tool
for consumers to get answers quickly.

The Q&A visualization consists of the following four core components:

• The question box, where users enter their question and are shown suggestions to help them
complete the question.

• A pre-populated list of suggested questions.

• An icon that users can select to convert the Q&A visual into a standard visual.

• An icon that users can select to open Q&A tooling, which allows designers to configure the
underlying natural language engine. When entering natural language queries with Power BI
Q&A, you can specify the visual type in your query. The following example illustrates how to
implement Net sales by country.
https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/power-bi/visuals/power-bi-report-add-visualizations-ii

Question 13: Correct
Scenario: You have begun to put together dashboards for the Sales team at Avengers Security.
The sales team at data includes customer help ticket data that is focused around payment
processes on the website.

The company has a requirement that they want to be notified when the Total Tickets metric on
the Tickets dashboard goes above a threshold of 90 tickets so they can escalate to the appropriate
 customer service team. They also want to make sure that this alert is user-friendly so that anyone
on the team can set up, view, and configure such notifications.

In addition, they want to have emails sent to the sales team as part of the notifications.

Which feature of Power BI would be used for this?


Notifications


Monitor


Surveillance


Alerts
(Correct)

Explanation
Configuring data alerts is a simple process to complete on a dashboard in Power BI. Data alerts
can be used to notify you or a user that a specific data point is above, below, or at a specific
threshold that you can set. These alerts are features that are only available on Power BI service
and they are available on such report elements as KPI visuals, gauges, and cards.

Configure alerts

After you have uploaded your reports to Power BI service and have pinned your chosen visuals
to a dashboard, select the ellipsis (...) in the corner of the tile on the dashboard and then
select Manage Alerts.
In the resulting window, select + Add Alert Rule, which will add a new alert. Ensure that
the Active toggle switch is turned On, name the alert (in this case, use the name Alert for Total
Tickets), and then set the condition. At this point, you can choose the threshold that you want to
create the alert for, which includes options for Above or Below a specific threshold. In this
scenario, you want to create a threshold that notifies if the total number of tickets goes above 90.
Then, select at which frequency that you want the alerts to be sent. These alerts will be sent
directly to your Notification Centre in Power BI, but you can also configure emails to be sent to
you if the threshold is crossed.
After selecting Save and Close, you will have successfully created a data alert in Power BI
service.
 This feature is available to whomever has access to the dashboard, not just the dashboard owner.
Consequently, when the Sales team begins configuring the data alerts, they can personalize them
so that whoever uses the report can have their own set of alerts. Additionally, you can enable or
disable the alert by using the toggle switch.

https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/power-bi/create-reports/service-set-data-alerts

Question 14: Correct
Scenario: You are working as a consultant at Palmer Technologies. Your team is working on
very large and complex Power BI project and at the moment, one of the analysts is using Power
Query for some of the tasks.

When using Power Query, it emphasizes making changes using one of the following. Which is
it?


Formula Bar


Command Line Interface (CLI)


Server


Graphical User Interface (GUI)
(Correct)

Explanation
Power Query is a data transformation and data preparation engine. Power Query comes with a
graphical interface for getting data from sources and a Power Query Editor for applying
transformations. Because the engine is available in many products and services, the destination
where the data will be stored depends on where Power Query was used. Using Power Query, you
can perform the extract, transform, and load (ETL) processing of data.
How Power Query helps with data acquisition

Business users spend up to 80 percent of their time on data preparation, which delays the work of
analysis and decision-making. Several challenges contribute to this situation, and Power Query
helps address many of them.

Existing challenge: Finding and connecting to data is too difficult

How Power Query helps: Power Query enables connectivity to a wide range of data sources,
including data of all sizes and shapes.

Existing challenge: Experiences for data connectivity are too fragmented

How Power Query helps: Consistency of experience, and parity of query capabilities over all
data sources.

Existing challenge: Data often needs to be reshaped before consumption

 How Power Query helps: Highly interactive and intuitive experience for rapidly and iteratively
building queries over any data source, of any size.

Existing challenge: Any shaping is one-off and not repeatable

How Power Query helps: When using Power Query to access and transform data, you define a
repeatable process (query) that can be easily refreshed in the future to get up-to-date data.
In the event that you need to modify the process or query to account for underlying data or
schema changes, you can use the same interactive and intuitive experience you used when you
initially defined the query.

Existing challenge: Volume (data sizes), velocity (rate of change), and variety (breadth of data
sources and data shapes)

How Power Query helps: Power Query offers the ability to work against a subset of the entire
dataset to define the required data transformations, allowing you to easily filter down and
transform your data to a manageable size.
Power Query queries can be refreshed manually or by taking advantage of scheduled refresh
capabilities in specific products (such as Power BI) or even programmatically (by using the
Excel object model).
Because Power Query provides connectivity to hundreds of data sources and over 350 different
types of data transformations for each of these sources, you can work with data from any source
and in any shape.

https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/power-query/power-query-what-is-power-query

Question 15: Correct
Identify the missing word(s) in the following sentence within the context of Microsoft.

[?] is the process of taking raw data and turning it into information that is trusted and
understandable. It involves, among other things, ensuring the integrity of the data, correcting
wrong or inaccurate data, identifying missing data, converting data from one structure to another
or from one type to another, or even a task as simple as making data more readable.


Data Modelling


Data Visualization


Data Managing


Data Preparation
(Correct)

Data Analyzation

Explanation
A data analyst is one of several critical roles in an organization, who help uncover and make
sense of information to keep the company balanced and operating efficiently. Therefore, it's vital
that a data analyst clearly understands their responsibilities and the tasks that are performed on a
near-daily basis. Data analysts are essential in helping organizations gain valuable insights into
the expanse of data that they have, and they work closely with others in the organization to help
reveal valuable information.

The following figure shows the five key areas that you'll engage in during the data analysis
process.

Prepare

As a data analyst, you'll likely divide most of your time between the prepare and model tasks.
Deficient or incorrect data can have a major impact that results in invalid reports, a loss of trust,
and a negative effect on business decisions, which can lead to loss in revenue, a negative
business impact, and more.

Before a report can be created, data must be prepared. Data preparation is the process of
profiling, cleaning, and transforming your data to get it ready to model and visualize.

Data preparation is the process of taking raw data and turning it into information that is trusted
and understandable. It involves, among other things, ensuring the integrity of the data, correcting
wrong or inaccurate data, identifying missing data, converting data from one structure to another
or from one type to another, or even a task as simple as making data more readable.

Data preparation also involves understanding how you're going to get and connect to the data and
the performance implications of the decisions. When connecting to data, you need to make
decisions to ensure that models and reports meet, and perform to, acknowledged requirements
and expectations.

Privacy and security assurances are also important. These assurances can include anonymizing
data to avoid oversharing or preventing people from seeing personally identifiable information
when it isn't needed. Alternatively, helping to ensure privacy and security can involve removing
that data completely if it doesn't fit in with the story that you're trying to shape.

Data preparation can often be a lengthy process. Data analysts follow a series of steps and
methods to prepare data for placement into a proper context and state that eliminate poor data
quality and allow it to be turned into valuable insights.

Model

When the data is in a proper state, it's ready to be modelled. Data modelling is the process of
determining how your tables are related to each other. This process is done by defining and
creating relationships between the tables. From that point, you can enhance the model by
defining metrics and adding custom calculations to enrich your data.

Creating an effective and proper data model is a critical step in helping organizations understand
and gain valuable insights into the data. An effective data model makes reports more accurate,
allows the data to be explored faster and more efficient, decreases time for the report writing
process, and simplifies future report maintenance.

The model is another critical component that has a direct effect on the performance of your
report and overall data analysis. A poorly designed model can have a drastically negative impact
on the general accuracy and performance of your report. Conversely, a well-designed model with
well-prepared data will ensure a properly efficient and trusted report. This notion is more
prevalent when you are working with data at scale.

From a Power BI perspective, if your report is performing slowly, or your refreshes are taking a
long time, you will likely need to revisit the data preparation and modelling tasks to optimize
your report.

The process of preparing data and modelling data is an iterative process. Data preparation is the
first task in data analysis. Understanding and preparing your data before you model it will make
the modelling step much easier.

Visualize
The visualization task is where you get to bring your data to life. The ultimate goal of the
visualize task is to solve business problems. A well-designed report should tell a compelling
story about that data, which will enable business decision makers to quickly gain needed
insights. By using appropriate visualizations and interactions, you can provide an effective report
that guides the reader through the content quickly and efficiently, therefore allowing the reader
to follow a narrative into the data.

The reports that are created during the visualization task help businesses and decision makers
understand what that data means so that accurate and vital decisions can be made. Reports drive
the overall actions, decisions, and behaviours of an organization that is trusting and relying on
the information that is discovered in the data.

The business might communicate that they need all data points on a given report to help them
make decisions. As a data analyst, you should take the time to fully understand the problem that
the business is trying to solve. Determine whether all their data points are necessary because too
much data can make detecting key points difficult. Having a small and concise data story can
help find insights quickly.

With the built-in AI capabilities in Power BI, data analysts can build powerful reports, without
writing any code, that enable users to get insights and answers and find actionable objectives.
The AI capabilities in Power BI, such as the built-in AI visuals, enable the discovering of data by
asking questions, using the Quick Insights feature, or creating machine learning models directly
within Power BI.

An important aspect of visualizing data is designing and creating reports for accessibility. As you
build reports, it is important to think about people who will be accessing and reading the reports.
Reports should be designed with accessibility in mind from the outset so that no special
modifications are needed in the future.

Many components of your report will help with storytelling. From a colour scheme that is
complementary and accessible, to fonts and sizing, to picking the right visuals for what is being
displayed, they all come together to tell that story.

Analyze

The analyze task is the important step of understanding and interpreting the information that is
displayed on the report. In your role as a data analyst, you should understand the analytical
capabilities of Power BI and use those capabilities to find insights, identify patterns and trends,
predict outcomes, and then communicate those insights in a way that everyone can understand.

Advanced analytics enables businesses and organizations to ultimately drive better decisions
throughout the business and create actionable insights and meaningful results. With advanced
analytics, organizations can drill into the data to predict future patterns and trends, identify
activities and behaviours, and enable businesses to ask the appropriate questions about their data.
Previously, analyzing data was a difficult and intricate process that was typically performed by
data engineers or data scientists. Today, Power BI makes data analysis accessible, which
simplifies the data analysis process. Users can quickly gain insights into their data by using
visuals and metrics directly from their desktop and then publish those insights to dashboards so
that others can find needed information.

This feature is another area where AI integrations within Power BI can take your analysis to the
next level. Integrations with Azure machine learning, cognitive services, and built-in AI visuals
will help to enrich your data and analysis.

Manage

Power BI consists of many components, including reports, dashboards, workspaces, datasets, and
more. As a data analyst, you are responsible for the management of these Power BI assets,
overseeing the sharing and distribution of items, such as reports and dashboards, and ensuring
the security of Power BI assets.

Apps can be a valuable distribution method for your content and allow easier management for
large audiences. This feature also allows you to have custom navigation experiences and link to
other assets within your organization to complement your reports.

The management of your content helps to foster collaboration between teams and individuals.
Sharing and discovery of your content is important for the right people to get the answers that
they need. It is also important to help ensure that items are secure. You want to make sure that
the right people have access and that you are not leaking data past the correct stakeholders.

Proper management can also help reduce data silos within your organization. Data duplication
can make managing and introducing data latency difficult when resources are overused. Power
BI helps reduce data silos with the use of shared datasets, and it allows you to reuse data that you
have prepared and modelled. For key business data, endorsing a dataset as certified can help to
ensure trust in that data.

The management of Power BI assets helps reduce the duplication of efforts and helps ensure
security of the data.

https://www.rasmussen.edu/degrees/technology/blog/what-does-a-data-analyst-do/

Question 16: Incorrect
Scenario: You are an Admin in a team working at Avengers Security. Recently you were
assigned a large BI project your team is in the process of connecting to Excel files that contain
target figures.

Required: The solution should involve minimum manual work when new Excel files are
created.

Which is the best approach?


Use a Data Pool as a target for the BI endpoint so the respective files will be in the source folder the project will use to
pull the data. Naming conventions are critical with this method to ensure Power BI knows which files to pull what data
from.


Connect to a new file each month, perform transformations, and use the Append function in Power Query to combine all
targets into the same table.
(Incorrect)


Connect to the files with Folder connector and us the Combine Binaries functionality
(Correct)


Using Azure Cosmos, link Power BI to the NoSQL engine so it will be able to find the required data, no matter which
format the files have been saved in.

Explanation
If you have multiple files that have the same schema, combine them into a single logical table.
This popular technique has been made more convenient and more expansive.

To start the process of combining files from the same folder, select Get Data,
choose File → Folder, and then select Connect.
Enter the folder path, select OK, and then select Transform Data to see the folder's files in
Power Query Editor.

Combine files behaviour

To combine binary files in Power Query Editor, select Content (the first column label) and
select Home → Combine Files. Or you can just select the Combine Files icon next to Content.
The combine files transform behaves as follows:

• The combine files transform analyzes each input file to determine the correct file format to use,
such as text, Excel workbook, or JSON file.

• The transform allows you to select a specific object from the first file, such as an Excel
workbook, to extract.
The combine files transform then automatically takes these actions:
• Creates an example query that performs all the required extraction steps in a single file.

• Creates a function query that parameterizes the file/binary input to the exemplar query. The
exemplar query and the function query are linked, so that changes to the exemplar query are
reflected in the function query.

• Applies the function query to the original query with input binaries, such as the Folder query. It
applies the function query for binary inputs on each row, then expands the resulting data
extraction as top-level columns.

Note: The scope of your selection in an Excel workbook will affect the behaviour of combine
binaries. For example, you can select a specific worksheet to combine that worksheet, or select
the root to combine the full file. Selecting a folder combines the files found in that folder.

With the behaviour of combine files, you can easily combine all files within a given folder if
they have the same file type and structure (such as the same columns).

In addition, you can easily apply additional transformation or extraction steps by modifying the
automatically created exemplar query, without having to worry about modifying or creating
additional function query steps. Any changes to the exemplar query are automatically generated
in the linked function query.
 https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/power-bi/transform-model/desktop-combine-binaries

Question 17: Correct
True or False: Data can be collected from multiple data sources, including Microsoft Excel,
Oracle, SQL Server, and many more. The data has been collected from the different data sources
can be merged into a single data model in Power BI Report Builder.

True


False
(Correct)

Explanation
The first step in creating a report is to get data from a data source. Though this process might
seem similar to getting data in Power BI, it is different. Power BI paginated reports do not use
Power Query when connecting to data sources.

Getting data in a Power BI paginated report does not involve data cleaning steps. In fact, data is
not stored in a Power BI paginated report dataset. When data is refreshed on the report, it is
retrieved in an unaltered form from the data source, according to the query that was used to
retrieve it.

Data can be collected from multiple data sources, including Microsoft Excel, Oracle, SQL
Server, and many more. However, after the data has been collected, the different data sources
cannot be merged into a single data model. Each source must be used for a different purpose.
For instance, data from an Excel source can be used for a chart, while data from SQL Server can
be used for a table on a single report. Paginated reports have an expression language that can be
used to look up data in different datasets, but it is nothing like Power Query.

Power BI paginated reports can use a dataset from Power BI service. These datasets have used
Power Query to clean and alter the data. The difference is that this work was done in Power BI
Desktop or SQL Server Data Tools prior to using Power BI Report Builder, which doesn't have
that tool in the user interface.

Create and configure a data source

To retrieve data, open Power BI Report Builder. From the Getting Started screen, select New
Report. You can choose whether to create a report with a table on it, a chart, or a blank report.
For the purposes of this example, a blank report has been selected. These choices create a default
visual on your a new report, which can be changed at any time. Next, go to the Report
Data window, which is typically on the left side of the tool, though it can be moved around.

Right-click the Data Sources folder and select Add Data Source.

On the General tab, name the data source.

After naming the data source, choose the correct connection string by selecting the Build button.
After you have selected Build, the Connection Properties screen appears. The properties on this
screen will be unique for each data source. The following figure is an example of what you might
see in the screen. The figure shows the properties of a SQL Server connection that you, the
report author, will enter:

1. Server name

2. Database name

3. A button for testing the connection

4. Select OK to continue
https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/power-bi/consumer/end-user-paginated-report

You can also enter username and password information on the Connection Properties screen, or
you can leave it on the default setting and use your Windows credentials. Select OK again.

You've now created a data source.

Generally, authentication is beyond the scope of this course. Typically, you will receive the
connection information from your IT department, application specialist, or the software vendor.

Create and configure a dataset

A data source is the connection information to a particular resource, like SQL Server. A dataset
is the saved information of the query against the data source, not the data. The data always
resides in its original location.

Right-click Datasets in the Report View window and select Add Dataset. Ensure that the

correct data source is selected. This action will run the query against the correct data source.
From the window that displays, you can:

1. Name the query.

2. Choose whether to use a text command or a stored procedure.

3. Enter a query into the text box.

https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/power-bi/paginated-reports/paginated-reports-data-sources
Question 18: Correct
Scenario: You are working as a consultant at O'Shaughnessy’s restaurants. A member of your
team is working on a Power BI project and is currently working on a data gateway to a local data
source.
 Which of the following in not required for a data gateway to cooperate with a local data source?


Credentials for the data source


Outbound network access


Access to the local data source


Port forwarding for inbound network connections.
(Correct)

Explanation
Power BI supports many on-premises data sources, and each has its own requirements. A
gateway can be used for a single data source or multiple data sources. For this example, we show
you how to add SQL Server as a data source. The steps are similar for other data sources.

Most data sources management operations can be performed by using APIs as well. For more
information, see REST APIs (Gateways).

Add a data source

1. From the page header in the Power BI service, select Settings → Manage gateways.

2. Select a gateway and then select Add data source. You can select the header text ADD
DATA SOURCE or hover your cursor next to the gateway entry to reveal the more options
menu.

3. Assign a name to your data source, then select the Data Source Type. In this example, we'll
choose SQL Server.

4. Enter information about the data source. For SQL Server, provide the Server and Database.

5. Select an Authentication Method to use when connecting to the data source. For SQL Server,
choose Windows or Basic (SQL Authentication). Enter the credentials for your data source.

6. Under Advanced settings, you could configure Single Sign-On (SSO) for your data source.

7. Under Advanced settings, optionally configure the privacy level for your data source (doesn't
apply to DirectQuery).

8. Select Add. You see Connection Successful if the process succeeds.

https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/power-bi/connect-data/service-gateway-data-sources
Port forwarding for inbound network connections allows external computers on the internet to
access devices in the local network through the same IP address.

Question 19: Correct
Scenario: You work for Avengers Security where you are required to build Microsoft Power BI
reports. The data resides in several different databases and files. These data repositories are
different from each other, some are in Microsoft SQL Server, some are in Microsoft Excel, but
all the data is related.

You’ve been tasked by senior leadership to create a suite of reports that are dependent on data in
several different locations. The database that tracks sales transactions is in SQL Server, a
relational database contains which customer bought which items and when. It also tracks which
employee made the sale, along with the employee name and employee ID. However, that
database doesn’t contain the employee’s hire date, their title, or who their manager is. For that
information, you need to access files that Human Resources keeps in Excel. You've been
consistently requesting that they use an SQL database, but they haven't yet had the chance to
implement it.

When an item ships, the shipment is recorded in the warehousing application, which is new to
the company. The developers chose to store data in CosmosDB, as a set of JSON documents.

Avengers Security has an application that helps with financial projections, so that they can
predict what their sales will be in future months and years, based on past trends. Those
projections are stored in Microsoft Azure Analysis Services. Below is a view of the data sources
you are asked to combine data from.

Larger image
 Required: The Sales team at Avengers Security has requested that you connect to the
organization's on-premises SQL Server database and get the sales data into Power BI Desktop so
you can build sales reports.

You can use the Get Data feature in Power BI Desktop and select the applicable option for your
relational database.

After the database has been connected to Power BI Desktop, the Navigator window displays the
data that is available in your data source.

Once you select the check box(es) of the table(s) that you want to bring in to Power BI Desktop,
which of the following are your options? (Select two)


Combine Data

Load
(Correct)


Generate Report


Select Fields


Transform Data
(Correct)


Query

Explanation
You can use the Get Data feature in Power BI Desktop and select the applicable option for your
relational database. For this example, you would select the SQL Server option, as shown in the
following screenshot.
Your next step is to enter your database server name and a database name in the SQL Server
database window. The two options in data connectivity mode are: Import (selected by default,
recommended) and DirectQuery. Mostly, you select Import. Other advanced options are also
available in the SQL Server database window, but you can ignore them for now.
After you have added your server and database names, you will be prompted to sign in with a
username and password. You will have three sign-in options:

• Windows - Use your Windows account (Azure Active Directory credentials).

• Database - Use your database credentials. For instance, SQL Server has its own sign-in and
authentication system that is sometimes used. If the database administrator gave you a unique
sign-in to the database, you might need to enter those credentials on the Database tab.

• Microsoft account - Use your Microsoft account credentials. This option is often used for
Azure services.

Select a sign-in option, enter your username and password, and then select Connect.
Select data to import

After the database has been connected to Power BI Desktop, the Navigator window displays the
data that is available in your data source (the SQL database in this example). You can select a
table or entity to preview its contents and make sure that the correct data will be loaded into the
Power BI model.

Select the check box(es) of the table(s) that you want to bring in to Power BI Desktop, and then
select either the Load or Transform Data option.

• Load - Automatically load your data into a Power BI model in its current state.

• Transform Data - Open your data in Microsoft Power Query, where you can perform actions
such as deleting unnecessary rows or columns, grouping your data, removing errors, and many
other data quality tasks.
Import data by writing an SQL query

Another way you can import data is to write an SQL query to specify only the tables and
columns that you need.

To write your SQL query, on the SQL Server database window, enter your server and database
names, and then select the arrow next to Advanced options to expand this section and view your
options. In the SQL statement box, write your query statement, and then select OK. In this
 example, you will use the Select SQL statement to load the ID, NAME and SALESAMOUNT
columns from the SALES table.

https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/power-bi/connect-data/service-get-data

Question 20: Incorrect
While importing data into Power BI, you may encounter errors resulting from various factors.
Which of the following are common errors you may encounter in Power BI? (Select five)

ERR: MS-8162616 Unknown source


ERR: MS-9001655 Damaged extension


Query timeout expired
(Correct)


ERR: MS-1167660 Missing operand


ERR: MS-8060206 Outdated format


We couldn't find any data formatted as a table
(Correct)


Power BI Query Error: Timeout expired
(Correct)


Could not find file
(Correct)


Data type errors
(Correct)


ERR: MS-7891216 Corrupt file
(Incorrect)

Explanation
While importing data into Power BI, you may encounter errors resulting from factors such as:

• Power BI imports from numerous data sources.

• Each data source might have dozens (and sometimes hundreds) of different error messages.

• Other components can cause errors, such as hard drives, networks, software services, and
operating systems.

• Data can often not comply with any specific schema.

The following sections cover some of the more common error messages that you might
encounter in Power BI.

Query timeout expired

Relational source systems often have many people who are concurrently using the same data in
the same database. Some relational systems and their administrators seek to limit a user from
monopolizing all hardware resources by setting a query timeout. These timeouts can be
configured for any timespan, from as little as five seconds to as much as 30 minutes or more.

For instance, if you’re pulling data from your organization’s SQL Server, you might see the error
shown in the following figure.

Power BI Query Error: Timeout expired

This error indicates that you’ve pulled too much data according to your organization’s policies.
Administrators incorporate this policy to avoid slowing down a different application or suite of
applications that might also be using that database.

You can resolve this error by pulling fewer columns or rows from a single table. While you are
writing SQL statements, it might be a common practice to include groupings and aggregations.
You can also join multiple tables in a single SQL statement. Additionally, you can perform
complicated subqueries and nested queries in a single statement. These complexities add to the
query processing requirements of the relational system and can greatly elongate the time of
implementation.

If you need the rows, columns, and complexity, consider taking small chunks of data and then
bringing them back together by using Power Query. For instance, you can combine half the
columns in one query and the other half in a different query. Power Query can merge those two
queries back together after you are finished.

We couldn't find any data formatted as a table

Occasionally, you may encounter the “We couldn’t find any data formatted as a table” error
while importing data from Microsoft Excel. Fortunately, this error is self-explanatory. Power BI
expects to find data formatted as a table from Excel. The error event tells you the resolution.
Perform the following steps to resolve the issue:

1. Open your Excel workbook, and highlight the data that you want to import.

2. Press the Ctrl-T keyboard shortcut. The first row will likely be your column headers.

3. Verify that the column headers reflect how you want to name your columns. Then, try to
import data from Excel again. This time, it should work.

Could not find file

While importing data from a file, you may get the "Could not find file" error.
Usually, this error is caused by the file moving locations or the permissions to the file changing.
If the cause is the former, you need to find the file and change the source settings.

Data type errors

Sometimes, when you import data into Power BI, the columns appear blank. This situation
happens because of an error in interpreting the data type in Power BI. The resolution to this error
is unique to the data source. For instance, if you are importing data from SQL Server and see
blank columns, you could try to convert to the correct data type in the query.

Instead of using this query:

SELECT CustomerPostalCode
FROM Sales.Customers

Use this query:

SELECT CAST(CustomerPostalCode as varchar(10))
FROM Sales.Customers

By specifying the correct type at the data source, you eliminate many of these common data
source errors.

You may encounter different types of errors in Power BI that are caused by the diverse data
source systems where your data resides. If you encounter an error that was not discussed in the
preceding sections, you can search Microsoft documentation for the error message to find the
resolution you need.

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Question 21: Correct
 In the recent past, roles such as business analysts and business intelligence developers were the
standard for data processing and understanding. However, excessive expansion of the size and
different types of data has caused these roles to evolve into more specialized sets of skills that
modernize and streamline the processes of data engineering and analysis.

Which role is described by:

“Responsible for profiling, cleaning, and transforming data, including designing and building
scalable and effective data models, enabling and implementing the advanced analytics
capabilities into reports for analysis. They work with the pertinent stakeholders to identify
appropriate and necessary data and reporting requirements, and then they are tasked with
turning raw data into relevant and meaningful insights.”


Database Administrator


Data Scientist


Data Engineer


Business Analyst


Data Analyst
(Correct)

Explanation
Telling a story with the data is a journey that usually doesn't start with you. The data must come
from somewhere. Getting that data into a place that is usable by you takes effort that is likely out
of your scope, especially in consideration of the enterprise.

Today's applications and projects can be large and intricate, often involving the use of skills and
knowledge from numerous individuals. Each person brings a unique talent and expertise, sharing
in the effort of working together and coordinating tasks and responsibilities to see a project
through from concept to production.

In the recent past, roles such as business analysts and business intelligence developers were the
standard for data processing and understanding. However, excessive expansion of the size and
different types of data has caused these roles to evolve into more specialized sets of skills that
modernize and streamline the processes of data engineering and analysis.
The following sections highlight these different roles in data and the specific responsibility in the
overall spectrum of data discovery and understanding:

• Business analyst

• Data analyst

• Data engineer

• Data scientist

• Database administrator

Business Analyst

While some similarities exist between a data analyst and business analyst, the key differentiator
between the two roles is what they do with data. A business analyst is closer to the business and
is a specialist in interpreting the data that comes from the visualization. Often, the roles of data
analyst and business analyst could be the responsibility of a single person.

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Data Analyst

A data analyst enables businesses to maximize the value of their data assets through visualization
and reporting tools such as Microsoft Power BI. Data analysts are responsible for profiling,
cleaning, and transforming data. Their responsibilities also include designing and building
scalable and effective data models, and enabling and implementing the advanced analytics
capabilities into reports for analysis. A data analyst works with the pertinent stakeholders to
identify appropriate and necessary data and reporting requirements, and then they are tasked with
turning raw data into relevant and meaningful insights.

A data analyst is also responsible for the management of Power BI assets, including reports,
dashboards, workspaces, and the underlying datasets that are used in the reports. They are tasked
with implementing and configuring proper security procedures, in conjunction with stakeholder
requirements, to ensure the safekeeping of all Power BI assets and their data.

Data analysts work with data engineers to determine and locate appropriate data sources that
meet stakeholder requirements. Additionally, data analysts work with the data engineer and
database administrator to ensure that the analyst has proper access to the needed data sources.
The data analyst also works with the data engineer to identify new processes or improve existing
processes for collecting data for analysis.

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Data Engineer

Data engineers provision and set up data platform technologies that are on-premises and in the
cloud. They manage and secure the flow of structured and unstructured data from multiple
sources. The data platforms that they use can include relational databases, nonrelational
databases, data streams, and file stores. Data engineers also ensure that data services securely
and seamlessly integrate across data services.

Primary responsibilities of data engineers include the use of on-premises and cloud data services
and tools to ingest, egress, and transform data from multiple sources. Data engineers collaborate
with business stakeholders to identify and meet data requirements. They design and implement
solutions.

While some alignment might exist in the tasks and responsibilities of a data engineer and a
database administrator, a data engineer's scope of work goes well beyond looking after a
database and the server where it's hosted and likely doesn't include the overall operational data
management.

A data engineer adds tremendous value to business intelligence and data science projects. When
the data engineer brings data together, often described as data wrangling, projects move faster
because data scientists can focus on their own areas of work.

As a data analyst, you would work closely with a data engineer in making sure that you can
access the variety of structured and unstructured data sources because they will support you in
optimizing data models, which are typically served from a modern data warehouse or data lake.
 Both database administrators and business intelligence professionals can transition to a data
engineer role; they need to learn the tools and technology that are used to process large amounts
of data.

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Question 22: Correct
Organizations often export and store data in files.

Which type of file is described below:

“A type of file that has only one data table and every row of data is in the same structure.
Examples are comma-separated values (.csv) files, delimited text (.txt) files, fixed width files
and output files from different applications, like Microsoft Excel workbooks (.xlsx).”


DBngin


Flat file
(Correct)


GraphQL


Backand

Explanation
Organizations often export and store data in files. One possible file format is a flat file. A flat file
is a type of file that has only one data table and every row of data is in the same structure. The
file does not contain hierarchies. Likely, you're familiar with the most common types of flat files,
which are comma-separated values (.csv) files, delimited text (.txt) files, and fixed width files.
Another type of file would be the output files from different applications, like Microsoft Excel
workbooks (.xlsx).

https://www.techopedia.com/definition/25956/flat-file
Power BI Desktop allows you to get data from many types of files. You can find a list of the
available options when you use the Get data feature in Power BI Desktop in the lower-left
corner of the home page.

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bi/
Question 23: Incorrect
 Scenario: You are working as a consultant at Palmer Technologies. Your team is working on
very large and complex Power BI project and at the moment, there is a debate over the
advantages of Power BI Dashboards over Power BI Reports.

Which of the following are advantages of Power BI Dashboards over Power BI Reports?


Dashboards update automatically whenever the data in the underlying dataset is updated.
(Correct)


Dashboards provide support for data-driven alerts.
(Correct)


Dashboards support using the Natural Language Q&A features of Power BI.


Dashboards provide a better interactive filtering and drill-down experience.
(Incorrect)

Explanation
Advantages of advantages of Power BI Dashboards over Power BI Reports:

• Dashboards update automatically whenever the data in the underlying dataset is updated.

• Dashboards provide support for data-driven alerts.

The other options are not correct because dashboards and reports both offer Q&A functionality,
and are not interactive. The only case of interaction is if you pin a live page. Even in that
aforementioned case, the visual which contains the live report page will be interactive, however
it cannot interact with other files.

https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/power-bi/create-reports/service-dashboards

Microsoft Power BI is the tool that perfectly complements whatever Office 365 app you’re
using. It is astonishingly visual and easy to use. There are multiple benefits, dozens of use cases,
and countless appraisals from users. And yet, one bit of confusion exists that Power BI users
keep wondering about: what is the difference between dashboards and reports in Power BI?
Well, here’s the answer that we’ve prepared for you.

Generally speaking, dashboards display the most important decision-making facts to run a
business, while reports are information providers to dashboards that can be supplied in any
format: text, table, chart, or a number.

This is what primarily distinguishes reports and dashboards, and we now know that it would be
wrong to say that Power BI dashboards and reports are same. But there’s a lot more to look into
to help you differentiate and decide on the best way of using them both in Power BI. So, let’s
dive in.

The purpose

Power BI dashboards are essentially a collection of different data sets with key performance
indicators, headlines, or most important data that is presented in a one-page display format.
Therefore, dashboards make it very convenient for users to make decisions by just looking at
them, as well as monitor key parameters on a regular basis.

At the same time, reports have their own attributes and metrics to display. They’re spread across
multiple pages and have drill-down and drill-up capabilities.

The structure

While reports are based on one dataset or one business unit data, dashboards usually contain
several sets of information for a wider view. Furthermore, while reports are more detailed data
displayed in many formats like chart, graphs, etc., Power BI dashboards are one placeholder to
display only the most important decision-making facts to run a business.

Visual presentation

The dashboard has a one-page display, but in a report, we have multiple pages to navigate
through, since reports represent more detailed data. In Power BI reports, users can be drilled
down to different levels of data sets, exported to any format, or download to a local desktop for
further analysis.
Sharing capabilities

Users can publish both reports and dashboards on the web, as well as subscribe through email.
However, dashboards can only be exported to limited formats that allow visualizing the
important data rather than analyzing it.

Additionally, Power BI dashboards are not available for desktop, while reports can be created
and viewed in a desktop.

Unique features

To summarize, dashboards and reports are not the same—there are many differences between the
two. The major ones are that dashboards represent a day-to-day single-page view of main
business parameters, can be automatically refreshed, and display real-time data. Reports, on the
other hand, can be used by users to slice the data and interact with to investigate numbers in
 more details. To make the best use out of the Power BI you would need both, since dashboards
and reports are designed to complement each other, not to replace.

https://powerbi.team/news/power-bi-dashboards-vs-reports/

Question 24: Correct
Power BI can be simple and fast, capable of creating quick insights from an Excel workbook or a
local database. But Power BI is also robust and enterprise-grade, ready not only for extensive
modelling and real-time analytics, but also for custom development.

Everything you do in Microsoft Power BI can be broken down into a few basic building blocks.

Which of these building blocks are described by:

“Can be simple, like a single number that represents something significant, or they can be
markedly complex, like a gradient-coloured map that shows voter sentiment about a certain
social issue or concern. The goal is to present data in a way that provides context and insights,
both of which would probably be difficult to discern from a raw table of numbers or text.”


Visualizations
(Correct)


Datasets


Tiles


Reports


Dashboards

Explanation
Everything you do in Microsoft Power BI can be broken down into a few basic building blocks.
Here are the basic building blocks in Power BI:

• Visualizations

• Datasets

• Reports

• Dashboards
• Tiles

Visualizations

A visualization (sometimes also referred to as a visual) is a visual representation of data, like a

chart, a colour-coded map, or other interesting things you can create to represent your data
visually. Power BI has all sorts of visualization types, and more are coming all the time. The
following image shows a collection of different visualizations that were created in Power BI.
Visualizations can be simple, like a single number that represents something significant, or they
can be visually complex, like a gradient-coloured map that shows voter sentiment about a certain
social issue or concern. The goal of a visual is to present data in a way that provides context and
insights, both of which would probably be difficult to discern from a raw table of numbers or
text.

Datasets

A dataset is a collection of data that Power BI uses to create its visualizations.

You can have a simple dataset that's based on a single table from a Microsoft Excel workbook,
similar to what's shown in the following image.
Datasets can also be a combination of many different sources, which you can filter and combine
to provide a unique collection of data (a dataset) for use in Power BI.

For example, you can create a dataset from three database fields, one website table, an Excel
table, and online results of an email marketing campaign. That unique combination is still
considered a single dataset, even though it was pulled together from many different sources.
Filtering data before bringing it into Power BI lets you focus on the data that matters to you. For
example, you can filter your contact database so that only customers who received emails from
the marketing campaign are included in the dataset. You can then create visuals based on that
subset (the filtered collection) of customers who were included in the campaign. Filtering helps
you focus your data—and your efforts.

An important and enabling part of Power BI is the multitude of data connectors that are

included. Whether the data you want is in Excel or a Microsoft SQL Server database, in Azure or
Oracle, or in a service like Facebook, Salesforce, or MailChimp, Power BI has built-in data
connectors that let you easily connect to that data, filter it if necessary, and bring it into your
dataset.

After you have a dataset, you can begin creating visualizations that show different portions of it
in different ways, and gain insights based on what you see. That's where reports come in.

Reports

In Power BI, a report is a collection of visualizations that appear together on one or more pages.
Just like any other report you might create for a sales presentation or write for a school
assignment, a report in Power BI is a collection of items that are related to each other. The
following image shows a report in Power BI Desktop—in this case, it's the second page in a
five-page report. You can also create reports in the Power BI service.
Reports let you create many visualizations, on multiple pages if necessary, and let you arrange
those visualizations in whatever way best tells your story.

You might have a report about quarterly sales, product growth in a particular segment, or
migration patterns of polar bears. Whatever your subject, reports let you gather and organize
your visualizations onto one page (or more).
Dashboards

When you're ready to share a report, or a collection of visualizations, you create a dashboard.
Much like the dashboard in a car, a Power BI dashboard is a collection of visuals from a single
page that you can share with others. Often, it's a selected group of visuals that provide quick
insight into the data or story you're trying to present.

A dashboard must fit on a single page, often called a canvas (the canvas is the blank backdrop in
Power BI Desktop or the service, where you put visualizations). Think of it like the canvas that
an artist or painter uses—a workspace where you create, combine, and rework interesting and
compelling visuals. You can share dashboards with other users or groups, who can then interact
with your dashboards when they're in the Power BI service or on their mobile device.

Tiles

In Power BI, a tile is a single visualization on a dashboard. It's the rectangular box that holds an
individual visual. In the following image, you see one tile, which is also surrounded by other
tiles.
When you're creating a dashboard in Power BI, you can move or arrange tiles however you
want. You can make them bigger, change their height or width, and snuggle them up to other
tiles.
 When you're viewing, or consuming, a dashboard or report—which means you're not the creator
or owner, but the report or dashboard has been shared with you—you can interact with it, but
you can't change the size of the tiles or their arrangement.

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bi/

Question 25: Incorrect
Scenario: You have taken several steps to optimize the performance of the data model, but the
Avengers Security IT team has informed you that the file size is still too large.

The file size is currently 1 gigabyte (GB), and you need to reduce it to around 50 megabytes
(MB).

Which is the best place to start reducing the file size and further optimize the performance?


Remove variables from queries


Create / add aggregations
(Correct)


Reduce the use of parameter properties


Increase data granularity
(Incorrect)

Explanation
If aggregations were underutilized in the data model, you can create some aggregations for the
sales data to reduce the file size and further optimize the performance.

When aggregating data, you summarize that data and present it in at a higher grain (level). For
example, you can summarize all sales data and group it by date, customer, product, and so on.
The aggregation process reduces the table sizes in the data model, allowing you to focus on
important data and helping to improve the query performance.
Your organization might decide to use aggregations in their data models for the following
reasons:

• If you are dealing with a large amount of data (big data), aggregations will provide better query
performance and help you analyze and reveal the insights of this large data. Aggregated data is
cached and, therefore, uses a fraction of the resources that are required for detailed data.

• If you are experiencing a slow refresh, aggregations will help you speed up the refresh process.
The smaller cache size reduces the refresh time, so data gets to users faster. Instead of refreshing
what could be millions of rows, you would refresh a smaller amount of data.

• If you have a large data model, aggregations can help you reduce and maintain the size of your
model.

• If you anticipate your data model growing in size in the future, you can use aggregations as a
proactive step toward future proofing your data model by lessening the potential for performance
and refresh issues and overall query problems.

Create aggregations

Before you start creating aggregations, you should decide on the grain (level) on which you want
to create them. In this example, you want to aggregate the sales data at the day level.

When you decide on the grain, the next step is to decide on how you want to create the
aggregations. You can create aggregations in different ways and each method will yield the same
results, for example:

• If you have access to the database, you could create a table with the aggregation and then
import that table into Power BI Desktop.
• If you have access to the database, you could create a view for the aggregation and then import
that view into Power BI Desktop.

• In Power BI Desktop, you can use Power Query Editor to create the aggregations step-by-step.

In this example, you open a query in Power Query Editor and notice that the data has not been
aggregated; it has over 999 rows, as illustrated the following screenshot.

You want to aggregate the data by the OrderDate column and view

the OrderQuantity and SalesAmount columns. Start by selecting Choose Columns on
the Home tab. On the window that displays, select the columns that you want in the aggregation
and then select OK.
When the selected columns display on the page, select the Group By option on the Home tab.
On the window that displays, select the column that you want to group by (OrderDate) and
enter a name for the new column (OnlineOrdersCount).

Select the Advanced option and then select the Add aggregation button to display another

column row. Enter a name for the aggregation column, select the operation of the column, and
then select the column to which you want to link the aggregation. Repeat these steps until you
have added all the aggregations and then select OK.
It might take a few minutes for your aggregation to display, but when it does, you'll see how the
data has been transformed. The data will be aggregated into each date, and you will be able to
see the values for the orders count and the respective sum of the sales amount and order quantity.
Select the Close and Apply button to close Power Query Editor and apply the changes to your
data model. Return to the Power BI Desktop page and then select the Refresh button to see the
results. Observe the screen because a brief message will display the number of rows that your
data model now has. This number of rows should be significantly less than the number that you
started with. You can also see this number when you open Power Query Editor again, as
illustrated in the following screenshot. In this example, the number of rows was reduced to 30.

Remember, you started with over 999 rows. Using aggregation has significantly reduced the
number of rows in your dataset, which means that Power BI has less data to refresh and your
model should perform better.

Manage aggregations

When you have created aggregations, you can manage those aggregations in Power BI Desktop
and make changes to their behaviour, if required.

You can open the Manage Aggregations window from any view in Power BI Desktop. In
the Fields pane, right-click the table and then select Manage aggregations.
 For each aggregation column, you can select an option from the Summarization drop-down list
and make changes to the selected detail table and column. When you are finished managing the
aggregations, select Apply All.

For more detailed information on how to create and manage aggregations, see Use aggregations
in Power BI Desktop.

https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/power-bi/transform-model/desktop-aggregations/

Question 26: Correct
Scenario: You are working a data role where you are required to enable advanced analytics
capabilities through reports and visualizations.

Which role do you have?


Data Scientist


Database Administrator


Data Analyst
(Correct)


Data Engineer

Explanation
A data analyst uses appropriate visuals to help business decision makers gain deep and
meaningful insights from data.
 Data Analyst

A data analyst enables businesses to maximize the value of their data assets through visualization
and reporting tools such as Microsoft Power BI. Data analysts are responsible for profiling,
cleaning, and transforming data. Their responsibilities also include designing and building
scalable and effective data models, and enabling and implementing the advanced analytics
capabilities into reports for analysis. A data analyst works with the pertinent stakeholders to
identify appropriate and necessary data and reporting requirements, and then they are tasked with
turning raw data into relevant and meaningful insights.

A data analyst is also responsible for the management of Power BI assets, including reports,
dashboards, workspaces, and the underlying datasets that are used in the reports. They are tasked
with implementing and configuring proper security procedures, in conjunction with stakeholder
requirements, to ensure the safekeeping of all Power BI assets and their data.

Data analysts work with data engineers to determine and locate appropriate data sources that
meet stakeholder requirements. Additionally, data analysts work with the data engineer and
database administrator to ensure that the analyst has proper access to the needed data sources.
The data analyst also works with the data engineer to identify new processes or improve existing
processes for collecting data for analysis.

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Question 27: Incorrect
What reserved parameters configure the start and end of where an Incremental refresh should
occur?

RangeStart and RangeEnd
(Correct)


StartRange and EndRange


Startpoint and Endpoint
(Incorrect)


Start and End parameters

Explanation
RangeStart and RangeEnd configure the start and end of where Incremental refresh should
occur.

Incremental refresh in Power BI

• Refreshes are faster - Only data that has changed needs to be refreshed. For example, refresh
only the last five days of a ten-year dataset.

• Refreshes are more reliable - It's no longer necessary to maintain long-running connections to
volatile source systems.

• Resource consumption is reduced - Less data to refresh reduces overall consumption of

memory and other resources.

RangeStart and RangeEnd parameters

For incremental refresh, datasets are filtered by using Power Query date/time parameters with the
reserved, case-sensitive names RangeStart and RangeEnd. These parameters are used to filter
the data imported into Power BI Desktop, and also to dynamically partition the data into ranges
once published to the Power BI service. The parameter values are substituted by the service to
filter for each partition. There's no need to set them in dataset settings in the service. Once
published, the parameter values are overridden automatically by the Power BI service.

To define the parameters with default values, in the Power Query Editor, select Manage
Parameters.
With the parameters defined, you can then apply the filter by selecting the Custom Filter menu
option for a column.
Ensure rows are filtered where the column value is after or equal
to RangeStart and before RangeEnd. Other filter combinations may result in double counting
of rows.

Important: Verify queries have an equal to (=) on either RangeStart or RangeEnd, but not both.
If the equal to (=) exists on both parameters, a row could satisfy the conditions for two
partitions, which could lead to duplicate data in the model. For example,
#"Filtered Rows" = Table.SelectRows(dbo_Fact, each [OrderDate] >= RangeStart and
[OrderDate] <= RangeEnd) could result in duplicate data.

While the data type of the parameters must be date/time, it's possible to convert them to match
the requirements of the datasource. For example, the following Power Query function converts a
date/time value to resemble an integer surrogate key of the form yyyymmdd, which is common
for data warehouses. The function can be called by the filter step.

(x as datetime) => Date.Year(x)*10000 + Date.Month(x)*100 + Date.Day(x)

Select Close and Apply from the Power Query Editor. You should have a subset of the dataset
in Power BI Desktop.

https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/power-bi/admin/service-premium-incremental-refresh

Question 28: Incorrect
Scenario: You and the other teams at Avengers Security are using a workspace in Power BI
service to organize all your reports and dashboards. However, you begin to receive emails from
 confused users who expected to see a sales report and are now looking at a product report
instead. You need to make some changes to direct your users to the datasets that they should be
accessing, and you can accomplish this task with the endorsing capability in Power BI.

Which type of endorsement is best suited for the Sales team?


Certification type
(Correct)


Asymmetric type


Static type


Dynamic type
(Incorrect)


Symmetric type


Promotion type

Explanation
Business intelligence involves collaboration, and sharing datasets across workspaces is a
powerful way to collaborate within your organization. However, if your organization has many
different datasets that can be accessed by many users, you might want to take measures to
manage those datasets. For instance, you might want to direct your users to the most up-to-date
and highest-quality datasets in your workspaces, or you might want to restrict the reuse of
datasets across your workspaces.

To ensure that your organization has consistent data for making decisions and a healthy data
culture, it's important to create and share optimized datasets and then endorse those datasets as
the one source of truth. Report creators can then reuse those endorsed datasets to build accurate,
standardized reports.

Power BI provides two ways to endorse your datasets:

• Promotion - Promote your datasets when they're ready for broad usage. Any workspace
member with Write permissions can promote your datasets.

• Certification - Request certification for a promoted dataset from an admin user that is defined
in the Dataset Certification tenant admin setting. This certification adds another layer of security
for your datasets. Certification can be a highly selective process, so only the truly reliable and
authoritative datasets are used across the organization.

In this example, you and the other teams are using a workspace in Power BI service to organize
all your reports and dashboards. However, you begin to receive emails from confused users who
expected to see a sales report and are now looking at a product report instead. You need to make
some changes to direct your users to the datasets that they should be accessing, and you can
accomplish this task with the endorsing capability in Power BI.

In this example, the certification type of endorsement is best suited for the Sales team because it
will require users to have special access before they can view the Sales dashboards. By
implementing the certification, you'll lead your users to the most appropriate reports and
dashboards, avoiding the inevitable confusion that might arise with building and sharing a
diversity of reports.

Promote a dataset

You can only promote a dataset if you're a Power BI admin user or the owner of that dataset.

To promote a dataset, go to your workspace in Power BI service, and then open the settings page
for the dataset that you want to promote. Select the Endorsement setting.
In the Endorsement settings, select the Promoted option, and then select Apply.

When you return to your workspace, a badge in the Endorsement column for that dataset will
appear, indicating that it's ready for viewing by all of your users.
Certify a dataset

You can only certify a dataset if you've been listed as a user in the tenant settings. The
certification option will appear dimmed for other users.

To certify a dataset, you would start the same way as you did to promote the dataset. This time,
however, you will select the Certified option in the Endorsement settings.
When you apply your change, the Certified setting will update to display a message regarding
who certified the dataset and when they did so.
 1.https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/power-bi/service-datasets-promote/

2.https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/power-bi/service-datasets-certify/

Question 29: Correct
True or False: Pagination is the process of dividing a document into discrete pages, either
electronic pages or printed pages.

True
(Correct)


False

Explanation
Pagination, also known as paging, is the process of dividing a document into discrete pages,
either electronic pages or printed pages.

Power BI paginated reports allow report developers to create Power BI artifacts that have tightly
controlled rendering requirements. Paginated reports are ideal for creating sales invoices,
receipts, purchase orders, and tabular data. This module will teach you how to create reports, add
parameters, and work with tables and charts in paginated reports.

Paginated reports defined

Paginated reports give a pixel-perfect view of the data. Pixel perfect means that you have total
control of how the report renders. If you want a footer on every sales receipt that you create, a
paginated report is the appropriate solution. If you want a certain customer's name to always
appear in green font on a report, you can do that in a paginated report.

Power BI paginated reports are descendants of SQL Server Reporting Services (SSRS), which
was first introduced in 2004. Power BI paginated reports and SSRS have a lot in common. If
you're looking for information on paginated reports and can't find it, searching the internet and
Microsoft documentation on SSRS is an excellent idea because you'll find numerous blog posts,
videos, and documentation available to you.
When paginated reports are the right fit

You can use paginated reports for operational reports with tables of details and optional headers
and footers.

Additionally, you can use paginated reports when you expect to print the report on paper or when
you want an e-receipt, a purchase order, or an invoice. Paginated reports also render tabular data
exceedingly well. You can have customized sort orders, clickable-headers, and URLs in results,
which allows for simple integration with custom applications.

Power BI paginated reports can also display all of your data in a single report element, such as a
table. If you have 25,000 records, and you want the reports to print over 100 pages, you can do
that. If you want every third record to be printed with a light pink background, you can do that as
well.

Power BI paginated reports are not created in Power BI Desktop; they are only built by using
Power BI Report Builder. Power BI paginated reports are a feature of Power BI Premium.
 https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/power-bi/consumer/end-user-paginated-report
Question 30: Correct
Scenario: You have been hired as a consultant by Advanced Idea Mechanics to oversee a large
Power BI project. One of the analysts is working on Power BI project asks you “When using
Query Editor, what happens to the data types which are not available in the data model while
loading data?”

Which of the following should you respond to them with?


Data with these types will not load into the data model.


Tables with unsupported types will throw an error.


These types will be converted to related data types.
(Correct)


The user will be prompted to map unavailable data types to available data type formats.

Explanation
When you load data into Power BI Desktop, it will attempt to convert the data type of the source
column into a data type that better supports more efficient storage, calculations, and data
visualization. For example, if a column of values you import from Excel has no fractional values,
Power BI Desktop will convert the entire column of data to a Whole Number data type, which is
better suited for storing integers.

https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/power-bi/connect-data/desktop-data-types

Question 31: Correct
Power BI allows you to export which of the following?

Reports and Visual data only


Visual data, Reports and Datasets
(Correct)


Datasets and Visual data only


Reports and Visual data only


Reports and Datasets only

Explanation
When you are finished designing your report, you can publish it to your Power BI workspace.
You also have options to export to Microsoft Excel.

Publish reports

When you publish a report, Power BI Desktop packages your report and data, including all your
visualizations, queries, and custom measures, and then uploads them to Power BI service.

To publish your report, select the Publish button on the Home tab.

You might be prompted to save your changes, in which case, select Save and then proceed to
save your Power BI (.pbix) file.

You might also be required to sign in to Power BI. If so, enter your sign-in credentials to
continue.

In the Publish to Power BI window, select the destination in which you want to publish the
report. For example, you can publish to a workspace within Power BI. For production reports,
we recommend that you publish to an app workspace.

When the report is successfully published, you'll get a success message that contains a link to
your report in your Power BI site. Select Got it to close the Publishing to BI window and return
to your report in Power BI Desktop. From the report page, you can select the provided URL to
go to Power BI service and see your new report.
Export reports
Power BI allows you to export visual data, reports, and datasets. You can export to several
different formats including CSV, Excel, and PDF.

https://www.bmc.com/blogs/power-bi-publish-reports/

Question 32: Incorrect
Scenario: You are working as a consultant at O'Shaughnessy’s restaurants. A member of your
team is working on a Power BI project and is currently working on a filter as shown below.

Larger image
 What will happen when your teammate clicks “OK”?


A filter step will be previewed in the data view.
(Incorrect)


A filter step will be added as the first step.


A filter step will be added as the last step.


A filter step will be added after the selected step.
(Correct)

Explanation
Filtering records is a feature of Power Query that allows you to filter the data from your data
table. The above image is showing a simple filter, which will be added after the user clicks
“OK”.

https://yodalearning.com/tutorials/learn-how-filter-records-using-power-query/

Question 33: Correct
Power BI paginated reports are created by using which tool(s)? (Select all that apply)

Power BI Report Builder
(Correct)


Power BI Service


Power BI Desktop


Power BI Mobile

Explanation
When paginated reports are the right fit

You can use paginated reports for operational reports with tables of details and optional headers
and footers.

Additionally, you can use paginated reports when you expect to print the report on paper or when
you want an e-receipt, a purchase order, or an invoice. Paginated reports also render tabular data
exceedingly well. You can have customized sort orders, clickable-headers, and URLs in results,
which allows for simple integration with custom applications.

Power BI paginated reports can also display all of your data in a single report element, such as a
table. If you have 25,000 records, and you want the reports to print over 100 pages, you can do
that. If you want every third record to be printed with a light pink background, you can do that as
well.

Power BI paginated reports are not created in Power BI Desktop; they are only built by using
Power BI Report Builder. Power BI paginated reports are a feature of Power BI Premium.
 https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/power-bi/consumer/end-user-paginated-report
Question 34: Correct
Scenario: You have been hired as a consultant by the Daily Bugle to oversee a Power BI project.
This project is focused sales data. Many visuals are part of Power BI out-of-the-box, others are
added as custom visuals.

Which of the following must be added as a custom visual?


Doughnut


Histogram
(Correct)


Waterfall


Stacked Area

Explanation
Power BI comes with many out-of-the box Power BI visuals. These visuals are available in the
visualization pane of both Power BI Desktop and Power BI service, and can be used for creating
and editing Power BI content.

All of these visuals can be found in Power BI dashboards and reports, and specified in Q&A.

• Area charts: basic (layered) and stacked

• Bar and column charts

• Cards: Single number

• Cards: Multi row

• Combo charts

• Decomposition tree

• Doughnut charts

• Funnel charts

• Gauge charts

• Key influencers chart

• KPIs

• Line charts

• Maps: Basic maps

• Maps: ArcGIS maps

• Maps: Filled maps (Choropleth)

• Maps: Shape maps

• Matrix

• Pie charts

• Power Apps visual

• Q&A visual

• Ribbon chart

• Scatter, bubble, and dot plot charts

• Scatter-high density

• Slicers
 • Smart narrative

• Standalone images

• Tables

• Tree maps

• Waterfall charts

• Tell Q&A which visual to use

https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/power-bi/consumer/end-user-visual-type

Many more Power BI visuals are available from the Microsoft AppSource or through Power BI.
These visuals are created by Microsoft and Microsoft partners, and are tested and validated by
the AppSource validation team.

You can also develop your own Power BI visual, to be used by you, your organization, or the
entire Power BI community.

https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/power-bi/developer/visuals/power-bi-custom-visuals

Question 35: Correct
Do you need to import custom visuals each time you want to use them when you are developing
a new report?

No, custom visuals are always available for selection under the Visualization pane.


No, custom visuals only need to be imported once and will always remain in Power BI for future use in a new report.


That will depend if the visual has been saved as permanently available.


Yes, custom visuals must be imported from AppSource each time you start developing a new report.
(Correct)

Explanation
Custom visuals must be imported each time you start developing a new report.

In addition to the out-of-the-box visualizations in Power BI Desktop, hundreds of other

developers have created a multitude of visuals for you to choose from. If you have a specific
visual in mind, you can likely find it in the marketplace. If you can't find it, Power BI makes it
possible for you to build your own.

The custom visuals that are available in Microsoft AppSource are created by Microsoft and
Microsoft partners. Some of these custom visuals are certified and some are not. The certified
status means that the visual meets the Microsoft Power BI team code requirements; the visual is
tested to verify that it doesn't access external services or resources and that it follows secure
coding patterns and guidelines. The certification process is optional, so an uncertified visual is
not necessarily unsafe to use.

Note: Some organizations prefer not to use custom visuals for security or other reasons. Before
you import custom visuals, check with your organization to see whether custom visuals are
allowed or not. If they are not allowed, you can still create reports in Power BI Desktop with
them, but they will not render in Power BI service.

If you want to create your own custom visual, you can use the custom visual software
development kit (SDK), which is an open-source tool based on NodeJS (JavaScript programming
language) that is available on GitHub. The custom visual is packaged as a single Power BI
Visual Tools (.pbiviz) file that you can import into Power BI Desktop.

Creating a custom visual is beyond the scope of this unit, so in this example, you will import a
custom visual from AppSource.

In the Visualizations pane, select the Get more visuals icon and then select Get more visuals.
On the window that displays, locate and select the visual that you want to import and then
select Add.
The new visual will appear under the other visuals in the Visualizations pane. To add the visual
to your report, select its icon. You can then add fields to the visual and customize its formatting,
just like you would for any other visual.
https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/power-bi/developer/visuals/power-bi-custom-visuals
Question 36: Correct
Identify the missing word(s) in the following sentence within the context of Microsoft.

Unlike other database management systems, Power BI has the concept of [?] to a relationship.

Directionality
(Correct)


Hierarchy


Many-to-one


One-to-many

Explanation
The keyword in the question is “unlike”. Hierarchies, Many-to-one and One-to-many
relationships are not unique to Power BI databases.

Unlike other database management systems, Power BI has the concept of directionality to a
relationship. This directionality, or cardinality, plays an important role in filtering data between
multiple tables. When you load data, Power BI automatically looks for relationships that exist
within the data by matching column names. You can also use Manage Relationships to edit
these options manually.

For example, you've retrieved many tables from the Sales database, and the following image is
an example of your data model. Power BI has autodetected several relationships, but you can't
discern what they mean. You want to make sure that the relationships accurately reflect those
that exist in your data.
Cardinality

The term “cardinality” in database design has to do with counting tables and values. With that
said, cardinality has three main definitions. It can relate to counting the number of elements in a
set, identifying the relationships between tables, or describing how database tables contain a
number of values, and what those tables look like in general.

The following are different types of cardinality that you'll find in Power BI.

Many-to-one (*:1) or one-to-many (1: *) cardinality:

• Describes a relationship in which you have many instances of a value in one column that are
related to only one unique corresponding instance in another column.

• Describes the directionality between fact and dimension tables.

• Is the most common type of directionality and is the Power BI default when you are
automatically creating relationships.

An example of a one-to-many relationship would be between the CountryName and Territory

tables, where you can have many territories that are associated with one unique country.

One-to-one (1:1) cardinality:

• Describes a relationship in which only one instance of a value is common between two tables.

• Requires unique values in both tables.

• Is not recommended because this relationship stores redundant information and suggests that
the model is not designed correctly. It is better practice to combine the tables.
An example of a one-to-one relationship would be if you had products and product IDs in two
different tables. Creating a one-to-one relationship is redundant and these two tables should be
combined.

Many-to-many (.) cardinality:

• Describes a relationship where many values are in common between two tables.

• Does not require unique values in either table in a relationship.

• Is not recommended; a lack of unique values introduces ambiguity and your users might not
know which column of values is referring to what.

For instance, the following figure shows a many-to-many relationship between the Sales and
Order tables on the OrderDate column because multiple sales can have multiple orders
associated with them. Ambiguity is introduced because both tables can have the same order date.
Cross-filter direction

Data can be filtered on one or both sides of a relationship.

With a single cross-filter direction:

• Only one table in a relationship can be used to filter the data. For instance, Table 1 can be
filtered by Table 2, but Table 2 cannot be filtered by Table 1.

Tip: Follow the direction of the arrow on the relationship between your tables to know which
direction the filter will flow. You typically want these arrows to point to your fact table.

• For a one-to-many or many-to-one relationship, the cross-filter direction will be from the "one"
side, meaning that the filtering will occur in the table that has unique values.

With both cross-filter directions or bi-directional cross-filtering:

• One table in a relationship can be used to filter the other. For instance, a dimension table can be
filtered through the fact table, and the fact tables can be filtered through the dimension table.

• You might have lower performance when using bi-directional cross-filtering with many-to-
many relationships.

A word of caution regarding bi-directional cross-filtering: You should not enable bi-directional
cross-filtering relationships unless you fully understand the ramifications of doing so. Enabling it
can lead to ambiguity, over-sampling, unexpected results, and potential performance
degradation.

Cardinality and cross-filter direction

For one-to-one relationships, the only option that is available is bi-directional cross-
filtering. Data can be filtered on either side of this relationship and result in one distinct,
unambiguous value. For instance, you can filter on one Product ID and be returned a single
Product, and you can filter on a Product and be returned a single Product ID.

For many-to-many relationships, you can choose to filter in a single direction or in both
directions by using bi-directional cross-filtering. The ambiguity that is associated with bi-
directional cross-filtering is amplified in a many-to-many relationship because multiple paths
will exist between different tables. If you create a measure, calculation, or filter, unintended
consequences can occur where your data is being filtered and, depending on which relationship
that the Power BI engine chooses when applying the filter, the final result might be different.
This situation is also true for bi-directional relationships and why you should be cautious when
using them.

For this reason, many-to-many relationships and/or bi-directional relationships are complicated.
Unless you are certain what your data looks like when aggregated, these types of open-ended
relationships with multiple filtering directions can introduce multiple paths through the data.

Create many-to-many relationships

Consider the scenario where you are tasked with building a visual that examines budgets for
customers and accounts. You can have multiple customers on the same account and multiple
accounts with the same customer, so you know that you need to create a many-to-many
relationship.

To create this relationship, go to Manage Relationships → New. In the resulting window, create

a relationship between the Customer ID column in CustomerTable and AccountTable. The
cardinality is set to many-to-many, and the filter type is in both directions. Immediately, you will
be warned that you should only use this type of relationship if it is expected that neither column
will have unique values because you might get unexpected values. Because you want to filter in
both directions, choose bi-directional cross-filtering.
 Select OK. You have now successfully created a many-to-many relationship.

https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/power-bi/transform-model/desktop-many-to-many-
relationships/

Question 37: Incorrect
Scenario: While working at Avengers Security, you have developed several reports and have
published them to the Avengers workspace. However, because you are also collaborating with
the Products team, it has become increasingly difficult to track which reports need to be
refreshed and which datasets are in which report. Consequently, you want the ability to
determine which datasets need to be refreshed because you've been receiving reports of stale
data.

Which of the following can help you accomplish this task efficiently and with the least amount
of effort?


 Lab Services


Container Instances


Development Pipelines


DevTest Labs
(Incorrect)


Function Apps


Lineage view feature
(Correct)


Application Gateway

Explanation
The Lineage view feature in Power BI allows you to quickly refresh datasets and see the
relationships between the artifacts in a workspace and their external dependencies.

Consider this module's continuing scenario with Avengers Security as an example. Thus far,
you've developed several reports and have published them to the Avengers workspace. However,
because you are also collaborating with the Products team, it has become increasingly difficult to
track which reports need to be refreshed and which datasets are in which report. Consequently,
you want the ability to determine which datasets need to be refreshed because you've been
receiving reports of stale data. The path of data from its source to the destination can often be a
considerable challenge, more so if you have multiple datasets.

The Lineage view feature can help you accomplish this task efficiently and almost effortlessly.

Data lineage

Data lineage refers to the path that data takes from the data source to the destination.

The Lineage view feature in Power BI is crucial because it:

• Simplifies the troubleshooting process because you can see the path that the data takes from
source to destination and determine pain points and bottlenecks.

• Allows you to manage your workspaces and observe the impact of a single change in one
dataset to reports and dashboards.
• Saves time by simplifying your task of identifying reports and dashboards that haven't been
refreshed.

Use the Lineage view

The Lineage view is only accessible to Admin, Contributor, and Member roles. Additionally,

it requires a Power BI Pro license and is only available for app workspaces. To access
the Lineage view, go to the workspace, and then select Lineage from the View drop-down menu
on the top ribbon.

When the view canvas opens, you can begin to explore this view. The following example shown
an excerpt of the data lineage for the Avengers Sales workspace.
This view shows all the artifacts in your workspace. Artifacts include data sources, datasets and
dataflows, reports, and dashboards. Each card represents an artifact, and the arrows in between
these cards represent the flow of data or the relationship between different artifacts. By following
the arrows from left to right, you can observe the flow of data from the source to the destination,
which will often be a dashboard. Typically, the flow would be data sources →
datasets/dataflows → reports → dashboards.

Data sources

Each of the following cards is a data source that is used in your workspace.

The card tells you the type of data source (for example, Text/CSV) and the Gateway, which tells
you the source of your data. If you are connected to the data through an on-premises data
gateway, this card will tell you more information about the gateway. Additionally, if you double-
click the card, you will get more details about the data source, such as the file path and the
connection status.
Selecting the lower-right icon on the card will highlight the path from the data source to the
destination, as shown in the following screenshot, which clarifies the exact path that the data
takes.

Next are the datasets/dataflows, which are marked in blue.

Datasets/dataflows

Often, datasets and dataflows can connect to external data sources, such as SQL Server, or to
external datasets in other workspaces. The following examples show dataset and dataflow cards
on the Lineage view.
The Lineage view uses arrows to connect objects, such as datasets, with their data sources. On
these cards, you can see when the dataset was last refreshed, and you can refresh the dataset by
selecting the arrow icon on the lower-left corner of the card, as shown in the following
screenshot.
This component is a powerful troubleshooting feature that helps ensure that your dataset
refreshes are quick and uncomplicated.

Returning to the initial quandary with Avengers Security, you wanted to determine if the
company had stale datasets and then quickly refresh the data. By using the Lineage view feature,
you can go through the different datasets in one view and then use the Refresh data button to
refresh datasets that you determine as stale.

Additionally, if a dataset or dataflow belongs to a different workspace (in this case,

the Avengers workspace), it will be indicated on the card, as shown in the following screenshot.

By double-clicking on any card, you can view the metadata, such as the sensitivity, by whom it
was configured, the last refresh date, and the names and count of tables within this dataset, as
shown in the following figure.
You can also view the impact of this dataset across workspaces. By selecting the overlapping
window icon on the lower-right corner of a dataset card, you can determine the impact analysis
of the dataset.

On the Impact analysis window, you can see how many workspaces, reports, and dashboards
that this dataset is a part of and how many views that this dataset has gathered, as shown in the
following screenshot.
The bottom of the Impact Analysis window includes more detail about which specific reports
and dashboards that this dataset is part of. Additionally, you can select Notify contacts, which
allows you to notify dataset owners (or any other user) of changes in the dataset. Impact analysis
is useful because it allows you to pinpoint datasets that aren't being used or looked at.

Reports and dashboards

The reports and dashboards cards have similar functionality as the data source and dataset cards.

Selecting a card will bring up a window in which you can view the metadata about the report or
dashboard. In this window, you can also go directly to the report or dashboard. You can also
enable or disable whether you want to include this report or dashboard within the app.
This card also contains useful options under the ellipsis (...), as shown in the following figure.
From this menu, you can select to analyze the report in Microsoft Excel, delete a report, create
Quick Insights, save a copy directly to your local drive, and more.
https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/power-bi/collaborate-share/service-data-lineage/
Question 38: Correct
Scenario: You work for Avengers Security where you are required to build Microsoft Power BI
reports. The data resides in several different databases and files. These data repositories are
different from each other, some are in Microsoft SQL Server, some are in Microsoft Excel, but
all the data is related.

You’ve been tasked by senior leadership to create a suite of reports that are dependent on data in
several different locations. The database that tracks sales transactions is in SQL Server, a
relational database contains which customer bought which items and when. It also tracks which
employee made the sale, along with the employee name and employee ID. However, that
database doesn’t contain the employee’s hire date, their title, or who their manager is. For that
information, you need to access files that Human Resources keeps in Excel. You've been
consistently requesting that they use an SQL database, but they haven't yet had the chance to
implement it.

When an item ships, the shipment is recorded in the warehousing application, which is new to
the company. The developers chose to store data in CosmosDB, as a set of JSON documents.

Avengers Security has an application that helps with financial projections, so that they can
predict what their sales will be in future months and years, based on past trends. Those
projections are stored in Microsoft Azure Analysis Services. Below is a view of the data sources
you are asked to combine data from.

Larger image
Before you can create reports, you must first extract data from the various data sources.
Interacting with SQL Server is different from Excel, so you should learn the nuances of both
systems. After you’ve learned the particulars of each system, you can use Power Query (the
query engine used by Power BI and Excel) to help you clean the data, such as renaming columns,
replacing values, removing errors, and combining query results. After the data has been cleaned
and organized, you are ready to build reports in Power BI. Finally, you will publish your
combined dataset and reports to Power BI service (PBIS). From there, other people can use your
dataset and build their own reports or they can use the reports that you’ve already built.

Required: Avengers Security uses SharePoint to collaborate and store sales data. It's the start of
the new financial year and the sales managers want to enter new goals for the sales team. The
form that the leadership uses exists in SharePoint. You are required to establish a connection to
this data within Power BI Desktop, so that the sales goals can be used alongside other sales data
to determine the health of the sales pipeline.

Which is a viable method to begin importing the data source?


Get data → More → Online Services → Import


Import → Get data → More → SharePoint → Connect


Get data → More → Online Services → Connect
(Correct)


Import → Get data → More → SharePoint → Link

Explanation
Connect to data in an application

When connecting to data in an application, you would begin in the same way as you would when
connecting to the other data sources: by selecting the Get data feature in Power BI Desktop.
Then, select the option that you need from the Online Services category. In this example, you
select SharePoint Online List.
Get data → More → Online Services → Connect

After you have selected Connect, you'll be asked for your SharePoint URL. This URL is the one
that you use to sign into your SharePoint site through a web browser. You can copy the URL
from your SharePoint site and paste it into the connection window in Power BI. You do not need
to enter your full URL file path; you only need to load your site URL because, when you are
connected, you can select the specific list that you want to load. Depending on the URL that you
copied, you might need to delete the last part of your URL, as illustrated in the following image.
After you have entered your URL, select OK. Power BI needs to authorize the connection to
SharePoint, so sign in with your Microsoft account and then select Connect.

Choose the application data to import

After Power BI has made the connection with SharePoint, the Navigator window appears, as it
does when you connect to other data sources. The window displays the tables and entities within
your SharePoint site. Select the list that you want to load into Power BI Desktop. Similar to
when you import from other data sources, you have the option to automatically load your data
into Power BI model or launch the Power Query Editor to transform your data before loading it.

For this example, you select the Load option.

 When you are satisfied with your data, select the Close & Apply button to apply your changes
and load your data into Power BI Desktop.

https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/power-bi/connect-data/desktop-sharepoint-online-list

Question 39: Correct
Scenario: You have the following calculated column Total in the Sales table.
1. Sales[‘TotalCost] = Sales[‘Quantity’] * Sales[‘Price’]

TotalCost relies on Quantity and Price, so if a change occurs in either quantity or price, a

change will occur in TotalCost as well.

What is this referred to as?


Join


Feed


Dependency
(Correct)


Restriction

Explanation
Modelling data is about establishing and maintaining relationships so that you can effectively
visualize the data in the form that your business requires. When you are creating these
relationships, a common pitfall that you might encounter are circular relationships.

For example, you are developing reports for the Sales team and are examining the relationships
between tables. In a poorly designed data model, Table 1 has a many-to-one relationship with a
column in Table 2, but Table 2 has a one-to-many relationship with Table 3 that has its own
relationship with Table 1. This web of relationships is difficult to manage and becomes a
daunting task to build visuals because it is no longer clear what relationships exist. Therefore, it
is important that you are able to identify circular relationships so that your data is usable.

Relationship dependencies

To understand circular relationships, you first need to understand dependencies.

For example, consider that you have the following calculated column Total in the Sales table.
Sales[‘TotalCost] = Sales[‘Quantity’] * Sales[‘Price’]

TotalCost depends on Quantity and Price, so if a change occurs in either quantity or price, a

change will occur in TotalCost as well. This example outlines a dependency of a column on
other columns, but you can also have dependencies between measures, tables, and relationships.

Consider the following relationships between dSalesPerson, fSales, and dCustomer. A change

in dCustomer will result in a change in fSales, which results in changes in dSalesPerson. These
types of dependencies can exist within relationships.

https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/power-bi/transform-model/desktop-create-and-manage-
relationships
Question 40: Correct
View the following image.

Larger image
 Which column has the highest level of cardinality?


Year


M01


M03
(Correct)


EmployeeID


M02

Explanation
Column M03 has the most unique values, and therefore has the highest degree of cardinality - a
column that has a lot of unique values in its range (unique count is high) will have a high level of
cardinality.
Cardinality is a term that is used to describe the uniqueness of the values in a column.
Cardinality is also used in the context of the relationships between two tables, where it describes
the direction of the relationship.

Identify cardinality levels in columns

Previously, when you used Power Query Editor to analyze the metadata, the Column
distribution option on the View tab displayed statistics on how many distinct and unique items
were in each column in the data.

• Distinct values count - The total number of different values found in a given column.

• Unique values count - The total number of values that only appear once in a given column.

A column that has a lot of repeated values in its range (distinct count is low) will have a low
level of cardinality. Conversely, a column that has a lot of unique values in its range (unique
count is high) will have a high level of cardinality.

Lower cardinality leads to more optimized performance, so you might need to reduce the number
of high cardinally columns in your dataset.
Reduce relationship cardinality

When you import multiple tables, it is possible that you'll do some analysis by using data from
all those tables. Relationships between those tables are necessary to accurately calculate results
and display the correct information in your reports. Power BI Desktop helps make creating those
relationships easier. In fact, in most cases, you won't have to do anything, the autodetect feature
does it for you. However, you might occasionally have to create relationships or need to make
changes to a relationship. Regardless, it's important to understand relationships in Power BI
Desktop and how to create and edit them.

When you create or edit a relationship, you can configure additional options. By default, Power
BI Desktop automatically configures additional options based on its best guess, which can be
different for each relationship based on the data in the columns.

The relationships can have different cardinality. Cardinality is the direction of the relationship,
and each model relationship must be defined with a cardinality type. The cardinality options in
Power BI are:

• Many-to-one (*:1) - This relationship is the most common, default type. It means that the
column in one table can have more than one instance of a value, and the other related table, often
known as the lookup table, has only one instance of a value.

• One-to-one (1:1) - In this relationship type, the column in one table has only one instance of a
particular value, and the other related table has only one instance of a particular value.

• One-to-many (1:*) - In this relationship type, the column in one table has only one instance of
a particular value, and the other related table can have more than one instance of a value.

• Many-to-many (:) - With composite models, you can establish a many-to-many relationship
between tables, which removes requirements for unique values in tables. It also removes
previous workarounds, such as introducing new tables only to establish relationships.

During development, you will be creating and editing relationships in your model, so when you
are building new relationships in your model, regardless of what cardinality you have chosen,
always ensure that both of the columns that you are using to participate in a relationship are
sharing the same data type. Your model will never work if you try to build a relationship
between two columns, where one column has a text data type and another column has an integer
data type.

In the following example, the ProductID field has the data type Whole number in the Product
and Sales tables. The columns with data type Integer perform better than columns with data
type Text.
Improve performance by reducing cardinality levels

Power BI Desktop offers different techniques that you can use to help reduce the data that is
loaded into data models, such as summarization. Reducing the data that is loaded into your
model will improve the relationship cardinality of the report. For this reason, it is important that
you strive to minimize the data that will be loaded into your models. This case is especially true
for large models, or models that you anticipate will grow to become large over time.

Perhaps the most effective technique to reduce a model size is to use a summary table from the
data source. Where a detail table might contain every transaction, a summary table would contain
one record per day, per week, or per month. It might be an average of all of the transactions per
day, for instance.

For example, a source sales fact table stores one row for each order line. Significant data
reduction could be achieved by summarizing all sales metrics if you group by date, customer,
and product, and individual transaction detail is not needed.

Consider, then, that an even more significant data reduction could be achieved by grouping by
date at month level. It could achieve a possible 99 percent reduction in model size; but, reporting
at day level or an individual order level is no longer possible. Deciding to summarize fact-type
data will always involve a tradeoff with the detail of your data. A disadvantage is that you may
lose the ability to drill into data because the detail no longer exists. This tradeoff could be
mitigated by using a mixed model design.

In Power BI Desktop, a Mixed mode design produces a composite model. Essentially, it allows
you to determine a storage mode for each table. Therefore, each table can have its Storage
Mode property set as Import or DirectQuery.
 An effective technique to reduce the model size is to set the Storage Mode property for larger
fact-type tables to DirectQuery. This design approach can work well in conjunction with
techniques that are used to summarize your data. For example, the summarized sales data could
be used to achieve high performance "summary" reporting. A drill-through page could be created
to display granular sales for specific (and narrow) filter context, displaying all in-context sales
orders. The drill-through page would include visuals based on a DirectQuery table to retrieve the
sales order data (sales order details).

For more information, see Data reduction techniques for Import modelling .

https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/power-bi/guidance/import-modeling-data-reduction#group-by-
and-summarize/?azure-portal=true

Question 41: Correct
In addition to the out-of-the-box visualizations in Power BI Desktop, hundreds of other
developers have created a multitude of visuals for you to choose from. The custom visuals that
are available in Microsoft AppSource are created by Microsoft and Microsoft partners.

Power BI Desktop has an out-of-the-box visualization option that you can access on the
Visualizations pane for which programming languages? (Select two)


C++


Python
(Correct)


JavaScript


Java


C#


R
(Correct)

Explanation
If you use the R or Python programming language, you can use them to visualize your data
within Power BI Desktop. Power BI Desktop has an out-of-the-box visualization option for both
R and Python that you can access on the Visualizations pane, and the process for creating these
visuals is almost the same. You can also import a custom R or Python visual from Microsoft
AppSource.
Note: If you decide to use an R or Python visual, and you want to refresh the data in Power BI
service, you'll need to use a personal gateway. For more information, see Use personal gateways
in Power BI.

Create an R visual

Before you create the R visual, you must install R on your local computer so that Power BI
Desktop can run R scripts. You can download and install R for free from many locations,
including the Microsoft R Application Network and the CRAN Repository.

When you have downloaded and installed R, Power BI enables it automatically, but you should
verify that it has been enabled in the correct location. In Power BI Desktop,
select File → Options and settings → Options and then select R scripting in
the Global options list. Verify that your local R installation is specified in the Detected R home
directories drop-down menu and that it properly reflects the local R installation that you want
Power BI Desktop to use. In the following image, the path to the local installation of R is C:\
Program Files\R Open\R-3.5.3.
When you've verified your R installation, you can create the R visual.

Select the R visual icon in the Visualizations pane and then select Enable on the window that
displays. You'll then see a placeholder R visual image on the report canvas, with the R script
editor underneath.
Next, in the Field panel, select the fields that you want to use in your script. They will display in
the Values section in the Visualizations pane. You'll use the data in these fields to create a plot.
As you select or remove fields, supporting code in the R script editor is automatically generated
or removed. Based on your selections, the R script editor generates the following binding code:

• The editor created a dataset dataframe with the fields that you added.

• The default aggregation is: do not summarize.

• Similar to table visuals, fields are grouped and duplicate rows appear only once.

When you have selected the fields, you're ready to write an R script that results in plotting to the
R default device. When the script is complete, select Run from the R script editor title bar.

Power BI Desktop identifies the plot and presents it on the canvas.

Create a Python visual

No prerequisites exist for creating a Python visual, so you can start right away in Power BI
Desktop by selecting the Python visual icon in the Visualizations pane. Select Enable on the
window that displays, and then you'll then see a placeholder Python visual image on the report
canvas, with the Python script editor underneath.
You can continue creating a Python visual in the same way as you did when creating the R
visual. In summary, you would select the fields, write the Python script, and then
select Run from the Python script editor title bar.

Import an R or Python visual

To import an R or Python visual from AppSource, in the Visualizations pane, select the Get

more visuals icon and then select Get more visuals. On the window that displays, locate and
select the R or Python visual that you want to import and then select Add.
 The new visual icon will appear under the other visual icons in the Visualizations pane.

https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/power-bi/connect-data/desktop-python-visuals

Question 42: Correct
True or False: The Quick insights feature in Power BI uses machine learning algorithms to go
over your entire dataset and produce insights.

False


True
(Correct)

Explanation
The Quick insights feature in Power BI uses machine learning algorithms to go over your entire
dataset and produce insights (results) for you quickly. This feature is a great way to build
dashboards when you don't know where to start. It also helps you find insights you might have
missed when building your reports. From the insights that Power BI discovers, you can generate
appealing, interactive visualizations.

Note: This feature is available in the Power BI web service only. Also, this feature doesn't work
with DirectQuery; it only works with data that is imported to Power BI.

Consider the scenario where one of the datasets that you've been given contains substantial data
concerning the Help tickets that were created for the Customer Service team. Because of the
extensive data, you don't know where to begin analyzing, so you decide to let Power BI do it for
you.

Get quick insights on your dataset

To get quick insights on your dataset, open your Power BI web service and then select
the Content tab. Locate your report for which you want to get quick insights, which in this case
is AvengersSecurity. Then, select More options (...) → Quick insights.
Power BI will use various algorithms to search for trends in your dataset. This process might
take a few seconds, but when it is finished, you'll see a message in the upper-right corner letting
you know that the results are ready to be viewed.

Select View insights to open the Quick Insights page for the selected dataset, and then view the
insights that Power BI has found for you. The Quick Insights page contains up to 32 separate
insight cards, and each card has a chart or graph plus a short description. In this example, one of
the insights is a card that displays a visual for Count of Product by Category Name, as
illustrated in the following image.
Add a Quick insights result card to a report

If you see an insight card that is particularly compelling, you can add it to your report. On
the Quick Insights page, hover over the card, then select the pin icon. The visual is added to
your dashboard, where you can reposition it as required.

Interact with the quick insights results

To take a closer look at a particular insight card on the Quick Insights page, select an insight
card to open. The insight screen opens in Focus mode.
You can then perform the following actions:

• Filter the visualization by using the available options in the Filters panel.

• Pin the insight card to a dashboard by selecting Pin visual.

• Run insights on the card (scoped insights) by selecting Get insights in the upper-right corner.
The scoped insights allow you to drill into your data.

• Return to the original insights canvas by selecting Exit Focus mode in the upper-left corner.

https://key2consulting.com/how-to-use-power-bi-quick-insights-and-power-bi-analyze/

Question 43: Incorrect
Scenario: You are developing reports for the Avengers Security Sales team. The database
contains tables for sales, orders, products, and more.

Larger image
 You notice that many of these tables, including Sales and Orders, contain their own date
columns, as shown by the ShipDate and OrderDate columns in the Sales and Orders tables. You
are tasked with developing a table of the total sales and orders by year and month.

To solve this problem, you create a common date table that can be used by multiple tables.

Which of the following are ways that you can build a common date table? (Select three)


Power Query
(Correct)


SQL
(Incorrect)


DAX
(Correct)


Source data
(Correct)


Azure Cosmos

Explanation
During report creation in Power BI, a common business requirement is to make calculations
based on date and time. Organizations want to know how their business is doing over months,
quarters, fiscal years, and so on. For this reason, it is crucial that these time-oriented values are
formatted correctly. Power BI autodetects for date columns and tables; however, situations can
occur where you will need to take extra steps to get the dates in the format that your organization
requires.

For example, suppose that you are developing reports for the Sales team at your organization.
The database contains tables for sales, orders, products, and more. You notice that many of these
tables, including Sales and Orders, contain their own date columns, as shown by
the ShipDate and OrderDate columns in the Sales and Orders tables. You are tasked with
developing a table of the total sales and orders by year and month. How can you build a visual
with multiple tables, each referencing their own date columns?

To solve this problem, you can create a common date table that can be used by multiple tables.
The following section explains how you can accomplish this task in Power BI.

Create a common date table

Ways that you can build a common date table are:

• Source data

• DAX

• Power Query

Source data

Occasionally, source databases and data warehouses already have their own date tables. If the
administrator who designed the database did a thorough job, these tables can be used to perform
the following tasks:

• Identify company holidays

• Separate calendar and fiscal year

• Identify weekends versus weekdays

Source data tables are mature and ready for immediate use. If you have a table as such, bring it
into your data model and don't use any other methods that are outlined in this section. We
recommend that you use a source date table because it is likely shared with other tools that you
might be using in addition to Power BI.

If you do not have a source data table, you can use other ways to build a common date table.

DAX

You can use the Data Analysis Expression (DAX) functions CALENDARAUTO() or
CALENDAR() to build your common date table. The CALENDAR() function returns a
contiguous range of dates based on a start and end date that are entered as arguments in the
function. Alternatively, the CALENDARAUTO() function returns a contiguous, complete range
of dates that are automatically determined from your dataset. The starting date is chosen as the
earliest date that exists in your dataset, and the ending date is the latest date that exists in your
dataset plus data that has been populated to the fiscal month that you can choose to include as an
argument in the CALENDARAUTO() function. For the purposes of this example, the
CALENDAR() function is used because you only want to see the data from May 31, 2011 (the
first day that Sales began its tracking of this data) and forward for the next 10 years.

In Power BI Desktop, go to the Table tab on the ribbon. Select New Table, and then enter in the
following DAX formula:

DAX
Dates = CALENDAR(DATE(2011, 5, 31), DATE(2021, 5, 31))

Now, you have a column of dates that you can use. However, this column is slightly sparse. You
also want to see columns for just the year, the month number, the week of the year, and the day
of the week. You can accomplish this task by selecting New Column on the ribbon and entering
the following DAX equation, which will retrieve the year from your Date table.

DAX
Year = YEAR(Dates[Date])
You can perform the same process to retrieve the month number, week number, and day of the
week:

DAX
MonthNum = MONTH(Dates[Date])
DAX
WeekNum = WEEKNUM(Dates[Date])
DAX
DayoftheWeek = FORMAT(Dates[Date].[Day], "DDDD")

When you have finished, your table will contain the columns that are shown in the following
figure.
You have now created a common date table by using DAX. This process only adds your new
table to the data model; you will still need to establish relationships between your date table and
the Sales and Order tables, and then mark your table as the official date table of your data model.
However, before you complete those tasks, make sure that you consider another way of building
a common date table: by using Power Query.

Power Query

You can use M-language, the development language that is used to build queries in Power
Query, to define a common date table.

Select Transform Data in Power BI Desktop, which will direct you to Power Query. In the
blank space of the left Queries pane, right-click to open the following drop-down menu, where
you will select New Query → Blank Query.

In the resulting New Query view, enter the following M-formula to build a calendar table:

DAX
= List.Dates(#date(2011,05,31), 365*10, #duration(1,0,0,0)
For your sales data, you want the start date to reflect the earliest date that you have in your data:
May 31, 2011. Additionally, you want to see dates for the next 10 years, including dates in the
future. This approach ensures that, as new sales data flows in, you won't have to re-create this
table. You can also change duration. In this case, you want a data point for every day, but you
can also increment by hours, minutes, and seconds. The following figure shows the result.

After you have realized success in the process, you notice that you have a list of dates instead of
a table of dates. To correct this error, go to the Transform tab on the ribbon and select Convert
→ To Table. As the name suggests, this feature will convert your list into a table. You can also
rename the column to DateCol.
Next, you want to add columns to your new table to see dates in terms of year, month, week, and
day so that you can build a hierarchy in your visual. Your first task is to change the column type
by selecting the icon next to the name of the column and, in the resulting drop-down menu,
selecting the Date type.
After you have finished selecting the Date type, you can add columns for year, months, weeks,
and days. Go to Add Column, select the drop-down menu under Date, and then select Year, as
shown in the following figure.

Notice that Power BI has added a column of all years that are pulled from DateCol.
Complete the same process for months, weeks, and days. After you have finished this process,
the table will contain the columns that are shown in the following figure.

You have now successfully used Power Query to build a common date table.

The previous steps show how to get the table into the data model. Now, you need to mark your
table as the official date table so that Power BI can recognize it for all future values and ensure
that formatting is correct.

Mark as the official date table

Your first task in marking your table as the official date table is to find the new table on
the Fields pane. Right-click the name of the table and then select Mark as date table, as shown
in the following figure.
By marking your table as a date table, Power BI performs validations to ensure that the data
contains zero null values, is unique, and contains continuous date values over a period. You can
also choose specific columns in your table to mark as the date, which can be useful when you
have many columns within your table. Right-click the table, select Mark as date table, and then
select Date table settings. The following window will appear, where you can choose which
column should be marked as Date.
Selecting Mark as date table will remove autogenerated hierarchies from the Date field in the
table that you marked as a date table. For other date fields, the auto hierarchy will still be present
until you establish a relationship between that field and the date table or until you turn off
the Auto Date/Time feature. You can manually add a hierarchy to your common date table by
right-clicking the year, month, week, or day columns in the Fields pane and then selecting New
hierarchy. This process is further discussed later in this module.

Build your visual

To build your visual between the Sales and Orders tables, you will need to establish a
relationship between this new common date table and the Sales and Orders tables. As a result,
you will be able to build visuals by using the new date table. To complete this task, go
to Model tab → Manage Relationships, where you can create relationships between the
common date table and the Orders and Sales tables by using the OrderDate column. The
following screenshot shows an example of one such relationship.
 After you have built the relationships, you can build your Total Sales and Order Quantity by
Time visual with your common date table that you developed by using the DAX or Power Query
method.

To determine the total sales, you need to add all sales because the Amount column in the Sales
table only looks at the revenue for each sale, not the total sales revenue. You can complete this
task by using the following measure calculation, which will be explained in later discussions.
The calculation that you will use when building this measure is as follows:

DAX
#Total Sales = SUM(Sales[‘Amount’])

After you have finished, you can create a table by returning to the Visualizations tab and
selecting the Table visual. You want to see the total orders and sales by year and month, so you
only want to include the Year and Month columns from your date table, the OrderQty column,
and the #TotalSales measure. When you learn about hierarchies, you can also build a hierarchy
that will allow you drill-down from years to months. For this example, you can view them side-
by-side. You have now successfully created a visual with a common date table.

https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/power-bi/guidance/model-date-tables
Question 44: Correct
Review the following code:
1. DAX
2. Total Sales for 2015 = CALCULATE(SUM('Sales OrderDetails'[Total Price]), YEAR('Sales OrderDetails'[orderdate]) =
2015)

What does this code do?


Calculates the total sales for the current year, unless a different year is selected in a Power BI visual.


Calculates the total sales for the year selected in a Power BI visual.


Calculates the total sales for 2015, unless a different year is selected in a Power BI visual.


Always calculates the total sales for 2015, regardless of which year is selected in any other visual in Power BI.
(Correct)


None of the listed options.

Explanation
The CALCULATE function in DAX is one of the most important functions that a data analyst can
learn. The function name does not adequately describe what it is intended to do.

The CALCULATE function is your method of creating a DAX measure that will override certain
portions of the context that are being used to express the correct result.

For instance, if you want to create a measure that always calculates the total sales for 2015,
regardless of which year is selected in any other visual in Power BI, you would create a measure
that looks like the following sample:

DAX
Total Sales for 2015 = CALCULATE(SUM('Sales OrderDetails'[Total Price]), YEAR('Sales
OrderDetails'[orderdate]) = 2015)

Notice how the measure is named Total Sales for 2015. When you use the CALCULATE function to
override the context, it is helpful to name the measure in a way that describes exactly how you
are overriding it. In this example, CALCULATE is aggregating the Total Price column, just as you did
in the previous measure. However, instead of operating over the entire dataset while using
whatever the filter context tells it to do, you are overriding the filter context for the year 2015.
No matter what year is selected, you will always get the total for 2015; all other filters still apply.
The subsequent example shows this concept in action.

When both measures are added to the previous visual they will resemble the following
screenshot.
As shown in the preceding screenshot, Total Sales is still USD1.35 million, while the 2015 Total
Sales is USD0.66 million.

When you add the other visual onto the report, as you did previously, and then select 2015, the
results will look like the following image.
 Notice how both measures are now equally the same amount. If you were to filter by any other
criteria, including region, employee, or product, the filter context would still be applied to both
measures. It's only the year filter that does not apply to that measure.

https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/dax/calculate-function-dax

Question 45: Incorrect
Where can you test RLS by using different security roles?

Power BI Desktop only
(Incorrect)


Power BI Service only


Power Bi Query


Both Power BI Desktop and Power BI Service
 (Correct)


Power BI Desktop, Power Bi Query and Power BI Service

Explanation
You can use Power BI Desktop and Power BI service to test RLS.

https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/power-bi/admin/service-admin-rls

Question 46: Incorrect
Scenario: You have created a report and pinned a report visual to create a dashboard tile. Next,
you modify the visual’s properties.

Will the Power BI Service automatically update the dashboard tile with the new visual property
values?


Yes
(Incorrect)


No
(Correct)

Explanation
If you update a visualization which is used to create the tile, the tile does not change. If you
pinned a line chart from a report and then you convert the line chart to a bar chart, the dashboard
tile continues to show a line chart. The data refreshes, but the visualization type does not.

https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/power-bi/create-reports/service-dashboard-tiles

Question 47: Correct
Power BI can be simple and fast, capable of creating quick insights from an Excel workbook or a
local database. But Power BI is also robust and enterprise-grade, ready not only for extensive
modelling and real-time analytics, but also for custom development.

Everything you do in Microsoft Power BI can be broken down into a few basic building blocks.

Which of these building blocks are described by:

“In Power BI, this is a single visualization on a dashboard. It's the rectangular box that holds an
individual visual as shown below.”

Larger image

Dashboards


Tiles
(Correct)

Datasets


Reports

Explanation
Everything you do in Microsoft Power BI can be broken down into a few basic building blocks.
Here are the basic building blocks in Power BI:

• Visualizations

• Datasets

• Reports

• Dashboards

• Tiles

Visualizations

A visualization (sometimes also referred to as a visual) is a visual representation of data, like a

chart, a colour-coded map, or other interesting things you can create to represent your data
visually. Power BI has all sorts of visualization types, and more are coming all the time. The
following image shows a collection of different visualizations that were created in Power BI.
Visualizations can be simple, like a single number that represents something significant, or they
can be visually complex, like a gradient-coloured map that shows voter sentiment about a certain
social issue or concern. The goal of a visual is to present data in a way that provides context and
insights, both of which would probably be difficult to discern from a raw table of numbers or
text.

Datasets

A dataset is a collection of data that Power BI uses to create its visualizations.

You can have a simple dataset that's based on a single table from a Microsoft Excel workbook,
similar to what's shown in the following image.
Datasets can also be a combination of many different sources, which you can filter and combine
to provide a unique collection of data (a dataset) for use in Power BI.

For example, you can create a dataset from three database fields, one website table, an Excel
table, and online results of an email marketing campaign. That unique combination is still
considered a single dataset, even though it was pulled together from many different sources.
Filtering data before bringing it into Power BI lets you focus on the data that matters to you. For
example, you can filter your contact database so that only customers who received emails from
the marketing campaign are included in the dataset. You can then create visuals based on that
subset (the filtered collection) of customers who were included in the campaign. Filtering helps
you focus your data—and your efforts.

An important and enabling part of Power BI is the multitude of data connectors that are

included. Whether the data you want is in Excel or a Microsoft SQL Server database, in Azure or
Oracle, or in a service like Facebook, Salesforce, or MailChimp, Power BI has built-in data
connectors that let you easily connect to that data, filter it if necessary, and bring it into your
dataset.

After you have a dataset, you can begin creating visualizations that show different portions of it
in different ways, and gain insights based on what you see. That's where reports come in.

Reports

In Power BI, a report is a collection of visualizations that appear together on one or more pages.
Just like any other report you might create for a sales presentation or write for a school
assignment, a report in Power BI is a collection of items that are related to each other. The
following image shows a report in Power BI Desktop—in this case, it's the second page in a
five-page report. You can also create reports in the Power BI service.
Reports let you create many visualizations, on multiple pages if necessary, and let you arrange
those visualizations in whatever way best tells your story.

You might have a report about quarterly sales, product growth in a particular segment, or
migration patterns of polar bears. Whatever your subject, reports let you gather and organize
your visualizations onto one page (or more).
Dashboards

When you're ready to share a report, or a collection of visualizations, you create a dashboard.
Much like the dashboard in a car, a Power BI dashboard is a collection of visuals from a single
page that you can share with others. Often, it's a selected group of visuals that provide quick
insight into the data or story you're trying to present.

A dashboard must fit on a single page, often called a canvas (the canvas is the blank backdrop in
Power BI Desktop or the service, where you put visualizations). Think of it like the canvas that
an artist or painter uses—a workspace where you create, combine, and rework interesting and
compelling visuals. You can share dashboards with other users or groups, who can then interact
with your dashboards when they're in the Power BI service or on their mobile device.

Tiles

In Power BI, a tile is a single visualization on a dashboard. It's the rectangular box that holds an
individual visual. In the following image, you see one tile, which is also surrounded by other
tiles.
When you're creating a dashboard in Power BI, you can move or arrange tiles however you
want. You can make them bigger, change their height or width, and snuggle them up to other
tiles.
 When you're viewing, or consuming, a dashboard or report—which means you're not the creator
or owner, but the report or dashboard has been shared with you—you can interact with it, but
you can't change the size of the tiles or their arrangement.

https://www.nigelfrank.com/blog/everything-you-ever-wanted-to-know-about-microsoft-power-
bi/

Question 48: Incorrect
Scenario: You are conducting a workgroup session while working as a consultant at HAMMER
industries. Currently, you are discussing transformations which are available when you right-
click a column header in the Query Editor window. Several responses have been tabled, some
valid, some not.

It is your responsibility to sort through the responses and determine valid statements so the
conversation can be continued.

Which are valid statements? (Select three)


Remove
(Correct)


Migrate


Change Type
(Correct)


Export
(Incorrect)


Duplicate Column
(Correct)


Count Rows
(Incorrect)

Explanation
The Transform tab provides access to common data transformation tasks, such as:

• Adding or removing columns

• Changing data types

 • Splitting columns

• Other data-driven tasks

https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/power-bi/transform-model/desktop-query-overview
Question 49: Correct
Scenario: You have been hired as a consultant by the Daily Bugle to oversee a Power BI project.
This project is focused sales data.

You hold a meeting with the team and going through the work that has been done thus far.

At the moment, you are reviewing a Pie chart visualization and you ask the team which fields are
available when creating this visualization.

What should their response be? (Select all that apply)


Legend
(Correct)


Value
(Correct)


Group


Details
(Correct)

Explanation
While creating a Pie chart, you get options for Legend, Details and Values fields.
 https://www.goskills.com/Microsoft-Office/Resources/Power-BI-pie-chart
Question 50: Incorrect
Power BI dashboards are an effective and visually pleasing way to disseminate information.
They allow you to share business insights and concisely tell you the story of the data. However,
because they can be seen by anyone who has been given access or a link, an important concern is
security.

How is this concern handled in Power BI?


Data classification
(Correct)


Role Based Access Control (RBAC)
(Incorrect)


Mandatory Access Control (MAC)


Link expiration

Explanation
Power BI dashboards are an effective and visually pleasing way to disseminate information.
They allow you to share business insights and concisely tell you the story of the data. However,
because they can be seen by anyone who has been given access or a link, an important concern is
security.

For instance, consider that you have built a few dashboards for the Sales team at your
organization. You want to make sure that the users who have been given access know how the
data within these dashboards is classified. Your organization has multiple ways to classify the
data, and you want to incorporate and customize the data classification so that the dashboards
have these custom classifications. Data classification in Power BI service allows you to complete
this task.

Set up data classification on dashboards

Data classification helps the dashboard owner raise security awareness to viewers of a dashboard
so that they know what level of security should be considered when viewing or sharing a
dashboard. Data classification does not enforce policies because data protection does.

Data classification is a feature that can be turned on and off in accordance with your
organization's business needs. All dashboards are defaulted to a certain classification type;
however, the dashboard owner can manually make changes to the classification. To manually
make changes, admin rights are required in Power BI service.
To continue with the module scenario, you are working on the Tickets dashboard and want to
add data classification to it. The first action that you will need to take is to ensure that your
organization's custom data classification settings are added into the Power BI system. Data
classification is done by an administrator.

Next, you will have three classifications to choose from: DO NOT SHARE, ASK FOR
PERMISSION, and OK TO SHARE, which can be added directly as well as the shorthand
versions of these classifications. To access data classification on a dashboard, go to a specific
dashboard in Power BI service. Hover over the ellipsis (...) by the name of the dashboard and
then select Settings.

In the resulting window, under Dashboards, you can use the drop-down menu under Data
classification to choose how you want the data to be classified. The Tickets dashboard contains
highly sensitive information, so it must be marked as DO NOT SHARE. After you have made
this selection, the dashboard will follow the default data rules or the rules that you have
established under Tenant settings.
When you open the dashboard, it will now be marked by this new data classification, as shown in
the following screenshot.
You have now added custom data classification to your dashboards and the Sales team is
pleased. Data classification is an important feature because it allows you to add a level of
security to your Power BI dashboards. Additionally, because you can personalize them in any
way that your organization requires, data classification also adds a layer of personalization to
your dashboards.

https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/power-bi/create-reports/service-data-classification/

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