In 

[5]: import numpy as np

​

In [6]: a=np.arange(6)
a

Out[6]: array([0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5])

In [7]: a.reshape(2,3)

Out[7]: array([[0, 1, 2],

[3, 4, 5]])

In [8]: a.any()

Out[8]: True

In [9]: a.all()

Out[9]: False

In [10]: a.mean()

Out[10]: 2.5

In [11]: a.argmin()

Out[11]: 0

In [12]: a.argmin()

Out[12]: 0

In [13]: a.cumsum()

Out[13]: array([ 0, 1, 3, 6, 10, 15])

In [14]: a.sum()

Out[14]: 15

In [15]: a.cumprod()

Out[15]: array([0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0])

In [ ]: ​

In [ ]: ​
In [16]: np.linspace(-5,5,100)

Out[16]: array([-5. , -4.8989899 , -4.7979798 , -4.6969697 , -4.5959596 ,

-4.49494949, -4.39393939, -4.29292929, -4.19191919, -4.09090909,

-3.98989899, -3.88888889, -3.78787879, -3.68686869, -3.58585859,

-3.48484848, -3.38383838, -3.28282828, -3.18181818, -3.08080808,

-2.97979798, -2.87878788, -2.77777778, -2.67676768, -2.57575758,

-2.47474747, -2.37373737, -2.27272727, -2.17171717, -2.07070707,

-1.96969697, -1.86868687, -1.76767677, -1.66666667, -1.56565657,

-1.46464646, -1.36363636, -1.26262626, -1.16161616, -1.06060606,

-0.95959596, -0.85858586, -0.75757576, -0.65656566, -0.55555556,

-0.45454545, -0.35353535, -0.25252525, -0.15151515, -0.05050505,

0.05050505, 0.15151515, 0.25252525, 0.35353535, 0.45454545,

0.55555556, 0.65656566, 0.75757576, 0.85858586, 0.95959596,

1.06060606, 1.16161616, 1.26262626, 1.36363636, 1.46464646,

1.56565657, 1.66666667, 1.76767677, 1.86868687, 1.96969697,

2.07070707, 2.17171717, 2.27272727, 2.37373737, 2.47474747,

2.57575758, 2.67676768, 2.77777778, 2.87878788, 2.97979798,

3.08080808, 3.18181818, 3.28282828, 3.38383838, 3.48484848,

3.58585859, 3.68686869, 3.78787879, 3.88888889, 3.98989899,

4.09090909, 4.19191919, 4.29292929, 4.39393939, 4.49494949,

4.5959596 , 4.6969697 , 4.7979798 , 4.8989899 , 5. ])

vedio

panda series
In [17]: np.zeros(((2,2,2)))

Out[17]: array([[[0., 0.],

[0., 0.]],

[[0., 0.],

[0., 0.]]])

In [18]: np.zeros(2)

Out[18]: array([0., 0.])

In [19]: np.ones((2,3))

Out[19]: array([[1., 1., 1.],

[1., 1., 1.]])

In [20]: np.empty((1,2))

Out[20]: array([[0., 0.]])

In [21]: np.eye(3)

Out[21]: array([[1., 0., 0.],

[0., 1., 0.],

[0., 0., 1.]])

In [22]: np.diag([1,2,3,4])

Out[22]: array([[1, 0, 0, 0],

[0, 2, 0, 0],

[0, 0, 3, 0],

[0, 0, 0, 4]])

In [23]: b=np.arange(15)
b

Out[23]: array([ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14])

In [24]: c=b.reshape(3,5)
c

Out[24]: array([[ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4],

[ 5, 6, 7, 8, 9],

[10, 11, 12, 13, 14]])

In [25]: c[0:2,:]

Out[25]: array([[0, 1, 2, 3, 4],

[5, 6, 7, 8, 9]])

In [26]: c[2,1:3]

Out[26]: array([11, 12])

In [27]: c[0:3,1::2]

Out[27]: array([[ 1, 3],

[ 6, 8],

[11, 13]])

In [28]: x=np.arange(9)
x

Out[28]: array([0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8])

In [29]: y=x.reshape(3,3)
y

Out[29]: array([[0, 1, 2],

[3, 4, 5],

[6, 7, 8]])
In [30]: z=y+y
z

Out[30]: array([[ 0, 2, 4],

[ 6, 8, 10],

[12, 14, 16]])

In [31]: z.sum()

Out[31]: 72

In [32]: z.sum(axis=0)

Out[32]: array([18, 24, 30])

In [33]: z.sum(axis=1)

Out[33]: array([ 6, 24, 42])

In [34]: print(np.char.strip(['anita','babaad'],'a'))

['nit' 'babaad']

In [35]: a=np.arange(9)
a

Out[35]: array([0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8])

In [36]: np.split(a,3)

Out[36]: [array([0, 1, 2]), array([3, 4, 5]), array([6, 7, 8])]

In [37]: np.split(a,[3,5,7])

Out[37]: [array([0, 1, 2]), array([3, 4]), array([5, 6]), array([7, 8])]

In [38]: a =np.arange(1,7)
a

Out[38]: array([1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6])

In [39]: a.reshape(3,2)

Out[39]: array([[1, 2],

[3, 4],

[5, 6]])

In [40]: np.resize(a,(2,3))

Out[40]: array([[1, 2, 3],

[4, 5, 6]])
In [41]: import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

In [42]: a = np.array([20,15,12,87,4,40,53,74,56,51,40,15 ,79,25,27])

plt.hist(a,bins=[0,20,40,60,80,100])
plt.title('hisogram')
​
plt.show()
In [43]: a = np.array([0,20,40,60,70,80,100])
plt.hist(a,bins=10)
plt.title('hisogram')
​
plt.show()
In [44]: a= np.arange(5)
a
b= np.log10(a)
b

C:\Users\HP\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_9568\3214265231.py:3: RuntimeWarning:
divide by zero encountered in log10

b= np.log10(a)

Out[44]: array([ -inf, 0. , 0.30103 , 0.47712125, 0.60205999])

In [45]: x= np.arange(0,3*np.pi,0.1)
y=np.sin(x)
plt.plot(x,y)

Out[45]: [<matplotlib.lines.Line2D at 0x16216fe1450>]

In [46]: x=np.linspace(-5,5,10)
x

Out[46]: array([-5. , -3.88888889, -2.77777778, -1.66666667, -0.55555556,

0.55555556, 1.66666667, 2.77777778, 3.88888889, 5. ])

In [47]: x= np.arange(0,3*np.pi,0.1)
x

Out[47]: array([0. , 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5, 0.6, 0.7, 0.8, 0.9, 1. , 1.1, 1.2,

1.3, 1.4, 1.5, 1.6, 1.7, 1.8, 1.9, 2. , 2.1, 2.2, 2.3, 2.4, 2.5,

2.6, 2.7, 2.8, 2.9, 3. , 3.1, 3.2, 3.3, 3.4, 3.5, 3.6, 3.7, 3.8,

3.9, 4. , 4.1, 4.2, 4.3, 4.4, 4.5, 4.6, 4.7, 4.8, 4.9, 5. , 5.1,

5.2, 5.3, 5.4, 5.5, 5.6, 5.7, 5.8, 5.9, 6. , 6.1, 6.2, 6.3, 6.4,

6.5, 6.6, 6.7, 6.8, 6.9, 7. , 7.1, 7.2, 7.3, 7.4, 7.5, 7.6, 7.7,

7.8, 7.9, 8. , 8.1, 8.2, 8.3, 8.4, 8.5, 8.6, 8.7, 8.8, 8.9, 9. ,

9.1, 9.2, 9.3, 9.4])

In [48]: x= np.linspace(0,3*np.pi,90)
y=np.sin(x)
plt.plot(x,y)
​

Out[48]: [<matplotlib.lines.Line2D at 0x1621703f520>]

In [49]: z= np.random.rand(10,10)
z

Out[49]: array([[0.23625247, 0.78075186, 0.2649629 , 0.23755606, 0.21993028,

0.36851016, 0.49456666, 0.76930498, 0.75750532, 0.64742577],

[0.37402652, 0.68186037, 0.12463372, 0.72974855, 0.08223705,

0.15251225, 0.74402859, 0.26020794, 0.10611529, 0.02563067],

[0.90908211, 0.21832064, 0.01765496, 0.24955885, 0.20045802,

0.78860053, 0.77450483, 0.94944447, 0.43006646, 0.05496481],

[0.55767738, 0.91775442, 0.91414497, 0.28652073, 0.92100904,

0.73458746, 0.64143294, 0.99154067, 0.55808655, 0.80090747],

[0.47387659, 0.04504894, 0.44199545, 0.58168346, 0.44957267,

0.93481276, 0.53725608, 0.48046475, 0.49686263, 0.1266272 ],

[0.80558675, 0.28861892, 0.66093707, 0.38026209, 0.095633 ,

0.01594691, 0.20634501, 0.50199497, 0.28724525, 0.29711762],

[0.27825947, 0.58637245, 0.96422689, 0.49354773, 0.47023825,

0.82977358, 0.49589789, 0.50423491, 0.87693999, 0.97868539],

[0.02566709, 0.89329526, 0.37831596, 0.44272094, 0.09137165,

0.03219234, 0.38268379, 0.86497383, 0.62770482, 0.65486253],

[0.16869952, 0.22422863, 0.60100765, 0.86540663, 0.75261578,

0.87677397, 0.53458297, 0.89260201, 0.5923787 , 0.70274573],

[0.56206124, 0.86240696, 0.63056697, 0.60315971, 0.11824551,

0.37859756, 0.84009612, 0.39154193, 0.12804247, 0.07920471]])

In [50]: z[np.random.randint(5,size=2), np.random.randint(5,size=2)]=np.nan

z

Out[50]: array([[0.23625247, 0.78075186, 0.2649629 , nan, 0.21993028,

0.36851016, 0.49456666, 0.76930498, 0.75750532, 0.64742577],

[0.37402652, 0.68186037, 0.12463372, 0.72974855, 0.08223705,

0.15251225, 0.74402859, 0.26020794, 0.10611529, 0.02563067],

[0.90908211, 0.21832064, 0.01765496, 0.24955885, 0.20045802,

0.78860053, 0.77450483, 0.94944447, 0.43006646, 0.05496481],

[0.55767738, 0.91775442, 0.91414497, 0.28652073, 0.92100904,

0.73458746, 0.64143294, 0.99154067, 0.55808655, 0.80090747],

[0.47387659, 0.04504894, 0.44199545, nan, 0.44957267,

0.93481276, 0.53725608, 0.48046475, 0.49686263, 0.1266272 ],

[0.80558675, 0.28861892, 0.66093707, 0.38026209, 0.095633 ,

0.01594691, 0.20634501, 0.50199497, 0.28724525, 0.29711762],

[0.27825947, 0.58637245, 0.96422689, 0.49354773, 0.47023825,

0.82977358, 0.49589789, 0.50423491, 0.87693999, 0.97868539],

[0.02566709, 0.89329526, 0.37831596, 0.44272094, 0.09137165,

0.03219234, 0.38268379, 0.86497383, 0.62770482, 0.65486253],

[0.16869952, 0.22422863, 0.60100765, 0.86540663, 0.75261578,

0.87677397, 0.53458297, 0.89260201, 0.5923787 , 0.70274573],

[0.56206124, 0.86240696, 0.63056697, 0.60315971, 0.11824551,

0.37859756, 0.84009612, 0.39154193, 0.12804247, 0.07920471]])

In [51]: a=np.arange(6)
print(a)
b=a.reshape(2,3)
print("\n")
print(b)
print("\n")
print(b.sum(axis=0))
print("\n")
print(b.sum(axis=1))
print("\n")
print(b.sum())

[0 1 2 3 4 5]

[[0 1 2]

[3 4 5]]

[3 5 7]

[ 3 12]

15

In [52]: print(np.sqrt(a))
print(np.std(a))

[0. 1. 1.41421356 1.73205081 2. 2.23606798]

1.707825127659933

In [53]: print(a.ravel())

[0 1 2 3 4 5]

In [54]: a=np.zeros((6,6),dtype=complex)
a

Out[54]: array([[0.+0.j, 0.+0.j, 0.+0.j, 0.+0.j, 0.+0.j, 0.+0.j],

[0.+0.j, 0.+0.j, 0.+0.j, 0.+0.j, 0.+0.j, 0.+0.j],

[0.+0.j, 0.+0.j, 0.+0.j, 0.+0.j, 0.+0.j, 0.+0.j],

[0.+0.j, 0.+0.j, 0.+0.j, 0.+0.j, 0.+0.j, 0.+0.j],

[0.+0.j, 0.+0.j, 0.+0.j, 0.+0.j, 0.+0.j, 0.+0.j],

[0.+0.j, 0.+0.j, 0.+0.j, 0.+0.j, 0.+0.j, 0.+0.j]])

In [56]: a=np.zeros((6,6),dtype=int)
print(a)
a[::2,1::2]=1
a
​

[[0 0 0 0 0 0]

[0 0 0 0 0 0]

[0 0 0 0 0 0]

[0 0 0 0 0 0]

[0 0 0 0 0 0]

[0 0 0 0 0 0]]

Out[56]: array([[0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1],

[0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0],

[0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1],

[0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0],

[0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1],

[0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0]])

Type Markdown and LaTeX: 𝛼2

Pandas
In [57]: import pandas as pd
arr = [1,2,3,4,5]
s = pd.Series(arr)
s

Out[57]: 0 1

1 2

2 3

3 4

4 5

dtype: int64

In [58]: arr = [1,2,3,4]

ind = ['a','b','c','d','e']
s = pd.Series(arr)
s

Out[58]: 0 1

1 2

2 3

3 4

dtype: int64
In [59]: a = np.random.randn(5)
a
index = ['a','b','c','d','e']
b=pd.Series(a,index=index)
b

Out[59]: a -0.089431

b 0.654129

c 1.414282

d 0.307507

e 0.500292

dtype: float64

In [60]: d={'a':1,'b':2,'c':3}
d
​

Out[60]: {'a': 1, 'b': 2, 'c': 3}

In [61]: a = pd.Series(d)
a

Out[61]: a 1

b 2

c 3

dtype: int64

In [62]: a.index = ['A','B','C']

a

Out[62]: A 1

B 2

C 3

dtype: int64

In [63]: a[1:3]

Out[63]: B 2

C 3

dtype: int64

In [64]: a[:2]

Out[64]: A 1

B 2

dtype: int64
In [65]: x=s.append(a)
x

C:\Users\HP\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_9568\1146264426.py:1: FutureWarning: T
he series.append method is deprecated and will be removed from pandas in a futu
re version. Use pandas.concat instead.

x=s.append(a)

Out[65]: 0 1

1 2

2 3

3 4

A 1

B 2

C 3

dtype: int64
In [66]: x.drop('b')

---------------------------------------------------------------------------

KeyError Traceback (most recent call last)

Cell In [66], line 1

----> 1 x.drop('b')

File ~\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python310\lib\site-packages\pandas\util\_d
ecorators.py:331, in deprecate_nonkeyword_arguments.<locals>.decorate.<locals>.
wrapper(*args, **kwargs)

325 if len(args) > num_allow_args:

326 warnings.warn(

327 msg.format(arguments=_format_argument_list(allow_args)),

328 FutureWarning,

329 stacklevel=find_stack_level(),

330 )

--> 331 return func(*args, **kwargs)

File ~\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python310\lib\site-packages\pandas\core\se
ries.py:5237, in Series.drop(self, labels, axis, index, columns, level, inplac
e, errors)

5140 @deprecate_nonkeyword_arguments(version=None, allowed_args=["self", "la

bels"])

5141 def drop( # type: ignore[override]

5142 self,

(...)

5149 errors: IgnoreRaise = "raise",

5150 ) -> Series | None:

5151 """

5152 Return Series with specified index labels removed.

5153

(...)

5235 dtype: float64

5236 """

-> 5237 return super().drop(

5238 labels=labels,

5239 axis=axis,

5240 index=index,

5241 columns=columns,

5242 level=level,

5243 inplace=inplace,

5244 errors=errors,

5245 )

File ~\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python310\lib\site-packages\pandas\util\_d
ecorators.py:331, in deprecate_nonkeyword_arguments.<locals>.decorate.<locals>.
wrapper(*args, **kwargs)

325 if len(args) > num_allow_args:

326 warnings.warn(

327 msg.format(arguments=_format_argument_list(allow_args)),

328 FutureWarning,

329 stacklevel=find_stack_level(),

330 )

--> 331 return func(*args, **kwargs)

File ~\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python310\lib\site-packages\pandas\core\ge
neric.py:4505, in NDFrame.drop(self, labels, axis, index, columns, level, inpla
 ce, errors)

4503 for axis, labels in axes.items():

4504 if labels is not None:

-> 4505 obj = obj._drop_axis(labels, axis, level=level, errors=errors)

4507 if inplace:

4508 self._update_inplace(obj)

File ~\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python310\lib\site-packages\pandas\core\ge
neric.py:4546, in NDFrame._drop_axis(self, labels, axis, level, errors, only_sl
ice)

4544 new_axis = axis.drop(labels, level=level, errors=errors)

4545 else:

-> 4546 new_axis = axis.drop(labels, errors=errors)

4547 indexer = axis.get_indexer(new_axis)

4549 # Case for non-unique axis

4550 else:

File ~\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python310\lib\site-packages\pandas\core\in
dexes\base.py:6975, in Index.drop(self, labels, errors)

6973 if mask.any():

6974 if errors != "ignore":

-> 6975 raise KeyError(f"{list(labels[mask])} not found in axis")

6976 indexer = indexer[~mask]

6977 return self.delete(indexer)

KeyError: "['b'] not found in axis"

In [ ]: arr1= [1,2,3,4]

arr2 = [2,5,6,7]
a1=pd.Series(arr1)
b1=pd.Series(arr2)
print(a1)
print(b1)

In [ ]: a1.add(b1)

In [ ]: a.sub(b)

In [ ]: a.mul(b)

In [ ]: a.div(b)

In [ ]: print(a.median())
print(a.max())
print(a.min())
In [67]: dates = pd.date_range('today',periods = 6)
dates

Out[67]: DatetimeIndex(['2022-12-07 17:34:58.765917', '2022-12-08 17:34:58.765917',

'2022-12-09 17:34:58.765917', '2022-12-10 17:34:58.765917',

'2022-12-11 17:34:58.765917', '2022-12-12 17:34:58.765917'],

dtype='datetime64[ns]', freq='D')

In [68]: num= np.random.randn(6,4)

num
col = ['A','B','C','D']
df = pd.DataFrame(num, index = dates, columns=col)
df

Out[68]:
A B C D

2022-12-07 17:34:58.765917 -0.061036 0.877063 1.196815 1.021173

2022-12-08 17:34:58.765917 1.603865 -1.192769 1.781787 -0.908768

2022-12-09 17:34:58.765917 -0.928322 -0.909172 -1.745287 0.095972

2022-12-10 17:34:58.765917 0.677686 -0.271046 1.663527 0.018025

2022-12-11 17:34:58.765917 -0.263337 -1.091150 -0.853208 -0.439662

2022-12-12 17:34:58.765917 0.855528 -0.739296 0.072859 0.014840

In [69]: n=np.arange(5)
n

Out[69]: array([0, 1, 2, 3, 4])

In [70]: m=pd.DataFrame(n)
m

Out[70]:
0

0 0

1 1

2 2

3 3

4 4
In [71]: data = {'animals':['cat','dog','cat','dog','snake'],
'age':[2,2.5,np.nan,4.5,3],
'visits':[1,2,3,2,1]}
labels= ['a','b','c','d','e']
df = pd.DataFrame(data, index = labels)
df

Out[71]:
animals age visits

a cat 2.0 1

b dog 2.5 2

c cat NaN 3

d dog 4.5 2

e snake 3.0 1

In [72]: df.dtypes

Out[72]: animals object

age float64

visits int64

dtype: object

In [73]: df.head()

Out[73]:
animals age visits

a cat 2.0 1

b dog 2.5 2

c cat NaN 3

d dog 4.5 2

e snake 3.0 1

In [74]: df.tail(4)

Out[74]:
animals age visits

b dog 2.5 2

c cat NaN 3

d dog 4.5 2

e snake 3.0 1
In [75]: df['animals']
​

Out[75]: a cat

b dog

c cat

d dog

e snake

Name: animals, dtype: object

In [ ]: ​

In [ ]: ​

In [76]: df.columns

Out[76]: Index(['animals', 'age', 'visits'], dtype='object')

In [77]: df.values

Out[77]: array([['cat', 2.0, 1],

['dog', 2.5, 2],

['cat', nan, 3],

['dog', 4.5, 2],

['snake', 3.0, 1]], dtype=object)

In [78]: df.describe() # see statistical data for dat aframe

Out[78]:
age visits

count 4.000000 5.00000

mean 3.000000 1.80000

std 1.080123 0.83666

min 2.000000 1.00000

25% 2.375000 1.00000

50% 2.750000 2.00000

75% 3.375000 2.00000

max 4.500000 3.00000

In [79]: df.sort_values(by='age')

Out[79]:
animals age visits

a cat 2.0 1

b dog 2.5 2

e snake 3.0 1

d dog 4.5 2

c cat NaN 3

In [80]: df[1:3]

Out[80]:
animals age visits

b dog 2.5 2

c cat NaN 3

In [81]: df.sort_values(by='age')[1:3]

Out[81]:
animals age visits

b dog 2.5 2

e snake 3.0 1

In [82]: df[['age','visits']]

Out[82]:
age visits

a 2.0 1

b 2.5 2

c NaN 3

d 4.5 2

e 3.0 1

In [83]: df[2:4]

Out[83]:
animals age visits

c cat NaN 3

d dog 4.5 2
In [84]: df[2:3]

Out[84]:
animals age visits

c cat NaN 3

In [85]: df1=df.copy()
df1

Out[85]:
animals age visits

a cat 2.0 1

b dog 2.5 2

c cat NaN 3

d dog 4.5 2

e snake 3.0 1

In [86]: df1.isnull()

Out[86]:
animals age visits

a False False False

b False False False

c False True False

d False False False

e False False False

In [87]: df1['d','age'] = 1.5

In [88]: df1

Out[88]:
animals age visits (d, age)

a cat 2.0 1 1.5

b dog 2.5 2 1.5

c cat NaN 3 1.5

d dog 4.5 2 1.5

e snake 3.0 1 1.5

In [89]: df1.mean()

C:\Users\HP\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_9568\2053335143.py:1: FutureWarning: T
he default value of numeric_only in DataFrame.mean is deprecated. In a future v
ersion, it will default to False. In addition, specifying 'numeric_only=None' i
s deprecated. Select only valid columns or specify the value of numeric_only to
silence this warning.

df1.mean()

Out[89]: age 3.0

visits 1.8

(d, age) 1.5

dtype: float64

In [90]: df1['visits'].sum()

Out[90]: 9

In [91]: df.sum()

Out[91]: animals catdogcatdogsnake

age 12.0

visits 9

dtype: object

In [92]: string = pd.Series(['a','b','c','d'])

string.str.upper()

Out[92]: 0 A

1 B

2 C

3 D

dtype: object

In [93]: data = {'animals':['cat','dog','cat','dog','snake'],

'age':[2,2.5,np.nan,4.5,3],
'visits':[1,2,3,2,1]}
labels= ['a','b','c','d','e']
df2 = pd.DataFrame(data, index = labels)
df2

Out[93]:
animals age visits

a cat 2.0 1

b dog 2.5 2

c cat NaN 3

d dog 4.5 2

e snake 3.0 1
In [94]: df3 = df2.copy()
df3

Out[94]:
animals age visits

a cat 2.0 1

b dog 2.5 2

c cat NaN 3

d dog 4.5 2

e snake 3.0 1

In [95]: df3['age'].mean()
df3.fillna(4)

Out[95]:
animals age visits

a cat 2.0 1

b dog 2.5 2

c cat 4.0 3

d dog 4.5 2

e snake 3.0 1

In [96]: meanage = df3['age'].mean()

meanage
df3.fillna(meanage)

Out[96]:
animals age visits

a cat 2.0 1

b dog 2.5 2

c cat 3.0 3

d dog 4.5 2

e snake 3.0 1
 In [97]: df4 = df3.copy()
df4

Out[97]:
animals age visits

a cat 2.0 1

b dog 2.5 2

c cat NaN 3

d dog 4.5 2

e snake 3.0 1

In [98]: df4.dropna(how="any")

Out[98]:
animals age visits

a cat 2.0 1

b dog 2.5 2

d dog 4.5 2

e snake 3.0 1

In [99]: df4.to_csv('animal.csv')

In [100]: df_animal =pd.read_csv('animal.csv')

df_animal.head(3)

Out[100]:
Unnamed: 0 animals age visits

0 a cat 2.0 1

1 b dog 2.5 2

2 c cat NaN 3
In [101]: df4.to_excel('animal.xlsx',)

---------------------------------------------------------------------------

ModuleNotFoundError Traceback (most recent call last)

Cell In [101], line 1

----> 1 df4.to_excel('animal.xlsx',)

File ~\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python310\lib\site-packages\pandas\util\_d
ecorators.py:211, in deprecate_kwarg.<locals>._deprecate_kwarg.<locals>.wrapper
(*args, **kwargs)

209 else:

210 kwargs[new_arg_name] = new_arg_value

--> 211 return func(*args, **kwargs)

File ~\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python310\lib\site-packages\pandas\util\_d
ecorators.py:211, in deprecate_kwarg.<locals>._deprecate_kwarg.<locals>.wrapper
(*args, **kwargs)

209 else:

210 kwargs[new_arg_name] = new_arg_value

--> 211 return func(*args, **kwargs)

File ~\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python310\lib\site-packages\pandas\core\ge
neric.py:2374, in NDFrame.to_excel(self, excel_writer, sheet_name, na_rep, floa
t_format, columns, header, index, index_label, startrow, startcol, engine, merg
e_cells, encoding, inf_rep, verbose, freeze_panes, storage_options)

2361 from pandas.io.formats.excel import ExcelFormatter

2363 formatter = ExcelFormatter(

2364 df,

2365 na_rep=na_rep,

(...)

2372 inf_rep=inf_rep,

2373 )

-> 2374 formatter.write(

2375 excel_writer,

2376 sheet_name=sheet_name,

2377 startrow=startrow,

2378 startcol=startcol,

2379 freeze_panes=freeze_panes,

2380 engine=engine,

2381 storage_options=storage_options,

2382 )

File ~\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python310\lib\site-packages\pandas\io\form
ats\excel.py:910, in ExcelFormatter.write(self, writer, sheet_name, startrow, s
tartcol, freeze_panes, engine, storage_options)

906 need_save = False

907 else:

908 # error: Cannot instantiate abstract class 'ExcelWriter' with abstr

act

909 # attributes 'engine', 'save', 'supported_extensions' and 'write_ce

lls'

--> 910 writer = ExcelWriter( # type: ignore[abstract]

911 writer, engine=engine, storage_options=storage_options

912 )

913 need_save = True

915 try:

 File ~\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python310\lib\site-packages\pandas\io\exce
l\_openpyxl.py:56, in OpenpyxlWriter.__init__(self, path, engine, date_format,
datetime_format, mode, storage_options, if_sheet_exists, engine_kwargs, **kwar
gs)

43 def __init__(

44 self,

45 path: FilePath | WriteExcelBuffer | ExcelWriter,

(...)

54 ) -> None:

55 # Use the openpyxl module as the Excel writer.

---> 56 from openpyxl.workbook import Workbook

58 engine_kwargs = combine_kwargs(engine_kwargs, kwargs)

60 super().__init__(

61 path,

62 mode=mode,

(...)

65 engine_kwargs=engine_kwargs,

66 )

ModuleNotFoundError: No module named 'openpyxl'

In [102]: print(np.char.center('hello',20,fillchar='-'))

-------hello--------

In [103]: a=np.arange(9)
a

Out[103]: array([0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8])

In [104]: a[5]

Out[104]: 5

In [105]: b=slice([2,8,2])
b

Out[105]: slice(None, [2, 8, 2], None)

In [109]: a = int(input())
b=2
c=0
while b<a:
if a%b==0:
c=1
b+=1
if c==1:
print("comp")
else:
print("prime")
​

prime

In [*]: data=[]
a=int(input("Enter the no of element "))
print("enter the no in array")
for i in range(int(a)):
n=input("num")
data.append(n)
print(data)
data.reverse()
print(data)

Enter the no of element 7

enter the no in array

num

num

num

num

num

num

num

In [*]: s="abcd1234"[:: -1]

s
​

In [*]: n = 20
def factorial(n):
if n == 1:
return n
else:
return n*factorial(n-1)
factorial(n)

In [ ]: ​