30/09/2021, 14:16 SELECT statement (1)

 CSIT115 Data Management and Security

SELECT statement (1)

School of Computing and Information Technology -
University of Wollongong

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30/09/2021, 14:16 SELECT statement (1)

SELECT statement (1)

Outline

Functionality and syntax

Projection queries
Queries with row functions
Queries with group functions
Special queries

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Created by Janusz R. Getta,  CSIT115/CSIT815 Data Management and Security,  Summer 2020/2021 2/25

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30/09/2021, 14:16 SELECT statement (1)

Functionality and syntax

Functionality
- SELECT statement retrieves data from a relational database
- The results of SELECT statement can be considered as a transient relational
table
- The results of SELECT statement can be saved as a persistent relational table

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Created by Janusz R. Getta,  CSIT115/CSIT815 Data Management and Security,  Summer 2020/2021 3/25

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30/09/2021, 14:16 SELECT statement (1)

Functionality and syntax

Selection queries select complete rows from a relational table

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Created by Janusz R. Getta,  CSIT115/CSIT815 Data Management and Security,  Summer 2020/2021 4/25

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30/09/2021, 14:16 SELECT statement (1)

Functionality and syntax

Projection queries select complete columns from a relational table

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Created by Janusz R. Getta,  CSIT115/CSIT815 Data Management and Security,  Summer 2020/2021 5/25

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30/09/2021, 14:16 SELECT statement (1)

Functionality and syntax

Sample database
CREATE TABLE DEPARTMENT(
CREATE TABLE statement
name VARCHAR(50) NOT NULL,

code CHAR(5) NOT NULL,

total_staff_number DECIMAL(2) NOT NULL,

chair VARCHAR(50) NULL,

budget DECIMAL(9,1) NULL, /* In this presentation */

CONSTRAINT dept_pkey PRIMARY KEY(name), /* budget can be NULL */

CONSTRAINT dept_ckey1 UNIQUE(code),

CONSTRAINT dept_ckey2 UNIQUE(chair),

CONSTRAINT dept_check1 CHECK (total_staff_number BETWEEN 1 AND 50) );

CREATE TABLE COURSE(

CREATE TABLE statement
cnum CHAR(7) NOT NULL,

title VARCHAR(200) NOT NULL,

credits DECIMAL(2) NOT NULL,

offered_by VARCHAR(50) NULL,

CONSTRAINT course_pkey PRIMARY KEY(cnum),

CONSTRAINT course_check1 CHECK (credits IN (6, 12)),

CONSTRAINT course_fkey1 FOREIGN KEY(offered_by)

REFERENCES DEPARTMENT(name) ON DELETE CASCADE );

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Created by Janusz R. Getta,  CSIT115/CSIT815 Data Management and Security,  Summer 2020/2021 6/25

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30/09/2021, 14:16 SELECT statement (1)

Functionality and syntax

Examples
- Find a name and code of a department that has more than 30 staff members
SELECT code, name
SELECT statement
FROM DEPARTMENT

WHERE total_staff_number > 30;

- Find a code of a department and course number such that a course is offered
by a department and a course provides 6 credit points
SELECT DEPARTMENT.code, COURSE.cnum, title
SELECT statement with JOIN operation
FROM DEPARTMENT JOIN COURSE

ON DEPARTMENT.name = COURSE.offered_by

WHERE credits = 6;
- Find all information about courses offered by a department whose chair is
James Bond
SELECT *
Nested SELECT statement
FROM COURSE

WHERE offered_by IN ( SELECT name

FROM DEPARTMENT

WHERE chair = 'James Bond' );

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Created by Janusz R. Getta,  CSIT115/CSIT815 Data Management and Security,  Summer 2020/2021 7/25

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30/09/2021, 14:16 SELECT statement (1)

Functionality and syntax

Examples
- Find all information about courses offered by a department whose chair is
James Bond
SELECT COURSE.*
SELECT statement with inline view
FROM COURSE JOIN ( SELECT name

FROM DEPARTMENT

WHERE chair = 'James Bond' ) JB

ON COURSE.offered_by = JB.name;
- Find all information about courses offered by a department whose chair is
James Bond
WITH JAMES AS
SELECT statement with WITH clause
( SELECT name

FROM DEPARTMENT

WHERE chair = 'James Bond' ),

JAMESCOURSE AS

( SELECT *

FROM COURSE JOIN JAMES

ON COURSE.offered_by = JAMES.name )

SELECT JAMESCOURSE.* FROM JAMESCOURSE;

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Created by Janusz R. Getta,  CSIT115/CSIT815 Data Management and Security,  Summer 2020/2021 8/25

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30/09/2021, 14:16 SELECT statement (1)

Functionality and syntax

    Keywords
SELECT code, name
SELECT statement
FROM DEPARTMENT

WHERE total_staff_number > 30;

SELECT code, cnum, title

SELECT statement
FROM DEPARTMENT, COURSE

WHERE name = offered_by AND credits = 6;

SELECT *
Nested SELECT statement
FROM COURSE

WHERE offered_by IN ( SELECT name

FROM DEPARTMENT

WHERE chair = 'James Bond' );

SELECT COURSE.*
SELECT statement with inline view
FROM COURSE JOIN ( SELECT name

FROM DEPARTMENT

WHERE chair = 'James Bond' ) JB

ON COURSE.offered_by = JB.name;

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Created by Janusz R. Getta,  CSIT115/CSIT815 Data Management and Security,  Summer 2020/2021 9/25

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30/09/2021, 14:16 SELECT statement (1)

Functionality and syntax

              Selected columns
SELECT code, name
SELECT statement
FROM DEPARTMENT

WHERE total_staff_number > 30;

SELECT code, cnum, title

SELECT statement
FROM DEPARTMENT, COURSE

WHERE name = offered_by AND credits = 6;

SELECT *
Nested SELECT statement
FROM COURSE

WHERE offered_by IN ( SELECT name

FROM DEPARTMENT

WHERE chair = 'James Bond' );

SELECT COURSE.*
SELECT statement with inline view
FROM COURSE JOIN ( SELECT name

FROM DEPARTMENT

WHERE chair = 'James Bond' ) JB

ON COURSE.offered_by = JB.name;

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Created by Janusz R. Getta,  CSIT115/CSIT815 Data Management and Security,  Summer 2020/2021 10/25

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30/09/2021, 14:16 SELECT statement (1)

Functionality and syntax

            Relational tables used
SELECT code, name
SELECT statement
FROM DEPARTMENT

WHERE total_staff_number > 30;

SELECT code, cnum, title

SELECT statement
FROM DEPARTMENT, COURSE

WHERE name = offered_by AND credits = 6;

SELECT *
Nested SELECT statement
FROM COURSE

WHERE offered_by IN ( SELECT name

FROM DEPARTMENT

WHERE chair = 'James Bond' );

SELECT COURSE.*
SELECT statement with inline view
FROM COURSE JOIN ( SELECT name

FROM DEPARTMENT

WHERE chair = 'James Bond' ) JB

ON COURSE.offered_by = JB.name;

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Created by Janusz R. Getta,  CSIT115/CSIT815 Data Management and Security,  Summer 2020/2021 11/25

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30/09/2021, 14:16 SELECT statement (1)

Functionality and syntax

             Conditions
SELECT code, name
SELECT statement
FROM DEPARTMENT

WHERE total_staff_number > 30;

SELECT code, cnum, title

SELECT statement
FROM DEPARTMENT, COURSE

WHERE name = offered_by AND credits = 6;

SELECT *
Nested SELECT statement
FROM COURSE

WHERE offered_by IN ( SELECT name

FROM DEPARTMENT

WHERE chair = 'James Bond' );

SELECT COURSE.*
SELECT statement with inline view
FROM COURSE JOIN ( SELECT name

FROM DEPARTMENT

WHERE chair = 'James Bond' ) JB

ON COURSE.offered_by = JB.name;

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Created by Janusz R. Getta,  CSIT115/CSIT815 Data Management and Security,  Summer 2020/2021 12/25

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30/09/2021, 14:16 SELECT statement (1)

Functionality and syntax

                                    Subqueries
SELECT *
Nested SELECT statement
FROM COURSE

WHERE offered_by IN ( SELECT name

FROM DEPARTMENT

WHERE chair = 'James Bond' );

SELECT COURSE.*
SELECT statement with inline view
FROM COURSE JOIN ( SELECT name

FROM DEPARTMENT

WHERE chair = 'James Bond' ) JB

ON COURSE.offered_by = JB.name;

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Created by Janusz R. Getta,  CSIT115/CSIT815 Data Management and Security,  Summer 2020/2021 13/25

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30/09/2021, 14:16 SELECT statement (1)

Functionality and syntax

WITH clause
WITH JAMES AS
Nested SELECT statement
( SELECT name

FROM DEPARTMENT

WHERE chair = 'James Bond' ),

JAMESCOURSE AS

( SELECT *

FROM COURSE JOIN JAMES

ON COURSE.offered_by = JAMES.name )

SELECT JAMESCOURSE.*

FROM JAMESCOURSE;

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Created by Janusz R. Getta,  CSIT115/CSIT815 Data Management and Security,  Summer 2020/2021 14/25

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30/09/2021, 14:16 SELECT statement (1)

SELECT statement (1)

Outline

Functionality and syntax

Projection queries
Queries with row functions
Queries with group functions
Special queries

TOP
             
Created by Janusz R. Getta,  CSIT115/CSIT815 Data Management and Security,  Summer 2020/2021 15/25

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30/09/2021, 14:16 SELECT statement (1)

Projection queries
Projection queries select the entire columns from a relational table and
do not have WHERE clause
Find full information about all departments
SELECT code, name, total_staff_number, chair, budget
sql
FROM DEPARTMENT;

SELECT *
sql
FROM DEPARTMENT;

Find the names and chairpersons of all departments

SELECT name, chair
sql
FROM DEPARTMENT;

Find the titles of all courses

SELECT title
sql
FROM COURSE;

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Created by Janusz R. Getta,  CSIT115/CSIT815 Data Management and Security,  Summer 2020/2021 16/25

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30/09/2021, 14:16 SELECT statement (1)

Projection queries with duplicates/ no duplicates

A keyword DISTINCT can be used to eliminated duplicates from the
results of a query
Find the credit points of all courses
SELECT credits
sql
FROM COURSE;

Find the distinct credit points of all courses

SELECT DISTINCT credits
sql
FROM COURSE;

Find the distinct total number of staff members in each

department
SELECT DISTINCT total_staff_number
sql
FROM DEPARTMENT;

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Created by Janusz R. Getta,  CSIT115/CSIT815 Data Management and Security,  Summer 2020/2021 17/25

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30/09/2021, 14:16 SELECT statement (1)

SELECT statement (1)

Outline

Functionality and syntax

Projection queries
Queries with row functions
Queries with group functions
Special queries

TOP
             
Created by Janusz R. Getta,  CSIT115/CSIT815 Data Management and Security,  Summer 2020/2021 18/25

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30/09/2021, 14:16 SELECT statement (1)

Queries with row functions

A row function is called and it is processed one time for each row
selected from a relational table
List the names of departments in uppercase format
SELECT UPPER(name)
UPPER row function
FROM DEPARTMENT;

Find the first three characters from all course codes and
full titles of all
courses
SELECT SUBSTR(cnum, 1, 3), title
SUBSTR row function
FROM COURSE;

Display the name of departments and budgets increased by 10%

SELECT name, 1.1*IFNULL(budget,0)
IFNULL row function
FROM DEPARTMENT;

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Created by Janusz R. Getta,  CSIT115/CSIT815 Data Management and Security,  Summer 2020/2021 19/25

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30/09/2021, 14:16 SELECT statement (1)

SELECT statement (1)

Outline

Functionality and syntax

Projection queries
Queries with row functions
Queries with group functions
Special queries

TOP
             
Created by Janusz R. Getta,  CSIT115/CSIT815 Data Management and Security,  Summer 2020/2021 20/25

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30/09/2021, 14:16 SELECT statement (1)

Queries with group functions

A group function is called and it is processed one time for a group of
rows
Find the total number of courses
SELECT COUNT(*)
COUNT group function
FROM COURSE;

Find the total number of all staff members in all departments

SELECT SUM(total_staff_number)
SUM group function
FROM DEPARTMENT;

Find an average budget per each department

SELECT AVG(IFNULL(budget, 0))
AVG group function
FROM DEPARTMENT;

Find the total number of staff members in the largest department

SELECT MAX(total_staff_number)
MAX group function
FROM DEPARTMENT;
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Created by Janusz R. Getta,  CSIT115/CSIT815 Data Management and Security,  Summer 2020/2021 21/25

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30/09/2021, 14:16 SELECT statement (1)

SELECT statement (1)

Outline

Functionality and syntax

Projection queries
Queries with row functions
Queries with group functions
Special queries

TOP
             
Created by Janusz R. Getta,  CSIT115/CSIT815 Data Management and Security,  Summer 2020/2021 22/25

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30/09/2021, 14:16 SELECT statement (1)

Special queries
SQL as a calculator
Compute 30 hours * $90.30 per hour
SELECT 30 * 90.30
Arithmetic expression in SELECT clause
FROM DUAL;

SQL as a diary
What date is tomorrow ?
SELECT DATE_ADD(SYSDATE(), INTERVAL 1 DAY)
Date arithmetic
FROM DUAL;

Add 2 months to a current date

SELECT DATE_ADD(SYSDATE(), INTERVAL 2 MONTH )
Date arithmetic
FROM DUAL;

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Created by Janusz R. Getta,  CSIT115/CSIT815 Data Management and Security,  Summer 2020/2021 23/25

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30/09/2021, 14:16 SELECT statement (1)

Special queries
How many days have passed since 1 January 2001 ?
SELECT DATEDIFF(SYSDATE(),'2001-01-01')
Date arithmetic
FROM DUAL;

SQL as word processor

Who am I ?
SELECT CONCAT('I am ', CURRENT_USER())
String concatenation and user name
FROM DUAL;

Hello world !
SELECT 'Hello world !'
The famous Hello world ! program
FROM DUAL;

Substring of 'Hello world' that starts from the first 'e'

String processing
SELECT SUBSTR('Hello world', INSTR('Hello world','e'), LENGTH('Hello world'))

FROM DUAL;

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Created by Janusz R. Getta,  CSIT115/CSIT815 Data Management and Security,  Summer 2020/2021 24/25

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30/09/2021, 14:16 SELECT statement (1)

References
C. Coronel, S. Morris, A. Basta, M. Zgola, Data Management and Security,
Chapter 5 Introduction to Structured Query Language, Cengage
Compose eBook, 2018, eBook: Data Management and Security, 1st
Edition
T. Connoly, C. Begg, Database Systems, A Practical Approach to Design,
Implementation, and Management, Chapters 6.3.1 - 6.3.4 Data
Manipulation, Pearson Education Ltd, 2015
D. Darmawikarta, SQL for MySQL A Beginner’s Tutorial, Chapters 2 - 5,
Brainy Software Inc. First Edition: June 2014
How to ... ? Cookbook, How to implement queries in SQL, Recipe 5.1 How
to implement SELECT statements with simple Boolean expressions ?

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Created by Janusz R. Getta,  CSIT115/CSIT815 Data Management and Security,  Summer 2020/2021 25/25

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