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TRƯỜNG THPT CHUYÊN KHU VỰC DUYÊN HẢI & ĐỒNG BẰNG BẮC BỘ
HÙNG VƯƠNG LẦN THỨ XIII
HƯỚNG DẪN CHẤM MÔN TIẾNG ANH 11

TAPESCRIPT FILE NGHE LỚP 11

PART 1: Computer virus

Lecturer Good morning, everybody. Now last week we were looking at the positive effects that
computers have had on our society. This week I’d like to talk about one of the negatives - computer
viruses.
So what is a computer virus? Well, it is a software program that has been created by a human
programmer with the single intention of corrupting and destroying useful programs. Put in simple
terms, it’s a way of causing lots of trouble for ordinary people! 
It’s known as a virus because, although it’s not a biological organism, it functions in a similar
way in that it looks for a host, that is, a body - your computer - in which to live and multiply, with
the one aim of destroying that host.
Let’s go back 50 years. In 1949 the first model of a computer virus program was presented in a
paper by John von Neumann. Soon after this was published, a game known as Core Wars appeared
on the scene. Core Wars was initially created for intellectual entertainment by three Americans
working on large mainframe computers. By the 1980s, for the very small sum of $2.00 postage,
anyone could get details on how to play Core Wars and create programs that could escape from the
game and destroy other programs.
Computer viruses are picked up in much the same way as their biological counterparts - that is,
through contact with others, and this can happen very easily, as literally millions of people are in
touch with each other by email every day. Virus programs are often intentionally placed within
useful programs such as commercial websites or they are included in software that you might
have got from friends or downloaded from somewhere without knowing its real source.
It seems quite hard to believe that anyone would go to all this trouble to intentionally spoil the data
of other people, but the rise in the number of computer software infections, and the amount of lost
data that we are seeing these days, is proof that these attackers are going to extremes to do just
that ... going out of their way to create programs that hide inside legitimate software and
cause all sorts of errors that their victims will then mistake for hardware failure - believing that
the problem lies with their own computer.
There are many types of virus, such as worms and Trojan horses, and each has its own purpose.
One function of a Trojan, for instance, is to destroy and delete files on your computer. They attack
by generating a lot of email and Internet traffic on your machine until it becomes completely
overloaded and you can no longer use your computer. It then does the same to your friends’
machines.
Bad enough, you may think. But a Trojan also allows the attacker to use the victim’s computer
to purchase goods with stolen credit cards or access illegal websites. 
So, what can we do to combat these people? Well, the first thing is to realise that virus
programmers succeed because people are not always careful about where they get their programs
from. So, number one - be very careful. And 1 don’t just mean that you should be careful about
the source of your software, you also need to take care with emails and avoid any messages which
are suspicious-looking. So the second golden rule is ‘avoid trouble’. For instance, do not open
any message that says ‘I love you’ or ‘Win $50’. A third thing we can do involves trying to find out
exactly how the viruses work - in other words, we need to understand the viruses. And, of course,
there is a good selection of anti-virus software available on the market now to combat the virus
plague, so another way of protecting ourselves and our computers is to be well prepared.
If you follow these basic rules, you really shouldn’t have any problems.
PART 2:
TUTOR:             Right, Sandra. You wanted to see me to get some feedback on your group’s
proposal. The one you’re submitting for the Geography Society field trip competition. I’ve had a
look through your proposal and I think it’s a really good choice. In fact, I only have a few things to
say about it, but even in an outline documents like this you really have to be careful to avoid typos
and problems with layout in the proposal, and even in the contents pages. So read it through
carefully before submitting it, okay?
SANDRA:          Will do.
TUTOR:             And I’ve made a few notes on the proposal about things which could have
been better sequenced.
SANDRA:          Okay.
TUTOR:             As for the writing itself, I’ve annotated the proposal as and where I thought it
could be improved. Generally speaking, I feel you’ve often used complex structures and long
sentence for the sake of it and has a consequence….although your paragraphing and inclusion of
sub-headings help…it’s quite hard to follow your train of thought at times. So cut them down a
bit, can you?
SANDRA:          Really?
TUTOR:             Yes. And don’t forget simple formatting like numbering.
SANDRA:          Didn’t I use page numbers?
TUTOR:             I didn’t mean that. Look, you’ve remember to include headers and footers, which
is good, but listing ideas clearly is important Number them or use bullet points, which is even
clearer. Then you’ll focus the reader on your main points. I thought your suggestion to go to the
Navajo Tribal Park was a very good idea.
SANDRA:          I’ve always wanted to go there. My father was a great fan of cowboy films and the
Wild West so I was subjected to seeing all the epics, many of which were shot there. As a
consequence, it feels very familiar to me and it’s awesome both geographically and visually, so it’s
somewhere I’ve always wanted to visit. The subsequent research I did and the online photographs
made me even keener.
TUTOR:             Interesting. Right, let’s look at the content of your proposal now.
SANDRA:          Did you find it comprehensive enough?
TUTOR:             Well, yes and no. You’re listed several different topics on your h contents page,
but I’m not sure they’re all relevant.
SANDRA:          No? Well, I thought that from the perspective of a fieldtrip, one thing  I
needed to focus on was the sandstone plateau and cliffs themselves. The way they tower up
from the flat landscape is just amazing. The fact that the surrounding softer rocks were eroded by
wind and rain, leaving these huge outcrops high above the plain. It’s hardly surprising that tourists
flock to see the area.
TUTOR:             Well, yes. I’d agree with including  those points …
SANDRA:          And then the fact that it’s been home to native American Navajos and all the
social history that goes with that. The hardship they endured trying to save their territory from the
invading settlers. Their culture is so rich-all those wonderful stories.
TUTOR:            Well, I agree it’s interesting , but it’s not immediately relevant to your  proposal,
Sandra, so at this stage, I suggest you focus on other considerations. I think an indication of what
the students on the trip could actually do when they get there should be far more central, so
that certainly needs to be included and to be expended upon. And I’d like to see something about
the local wildlife, and vegetation too, not that I imagine there’s much to see. Presumably the
tourist invasion hasn’t helped.
SANDRA:          Okay, I’ll do some work on those two areas as well. But you’re right, there’s not
much apart from some very shallow-rooted species. Although it’s cold and snowy there in the
winter, the earth is baked so hard in the summer sun that rainwater can’t penetrate. So it’s a case of
flood or drought, really.
TUTOR:            So, I understand. Now, before we look at everything in more detail, I’ve got a few
factual questions for you. It would be a good idea to include the answers in your finished proposal,
because they’re missing from your draft.
SANDRA:         Fine.
TUTOR:            So, you mentioned the monoliths and the spires, which was good, but what area
does the tribal park cover? Do you know?
SANDRA:         12,000 hectares, and the plain is at about 5,850 metres above sea level.
TUTOR:            Larger than I expected. Okay. Where’s the nearest accommodation? That’s a
practical detail that you haven’t included. Have you done any research on that?
SANDRA:         Yes. There’s nowhere to stay in the park itself, but there’s j an old trading post
called Goulding quite near. All kinds of tours start from Goulding, too.
TUTOR:             What kinds of tours?
SANDRA:          Well, the most popular are in four-wheel drive jeeps – but I wouldn’t recommend
hiring those. I think the best way to appreciate the area would be to hire horses instead and trek
around on those. Biking is not allowed and it’s impossible to drive around the area in private
vehicles. The tracks are too rough.
TUTOR:             Okay, lastly. What else is worth visiting there?
SANDRA:          There are several caves, but I haven’t looked into any details. I’ll find out about
them.
TUTOR:             Okay, good. Now what I’d like to know is…
PART 3:
PART 4:
AUDIO TRANSCRIPT:
(Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NU3Mz6R0idQ)

Dr. Larry Smarr has been studying his anatomy in such (2) minute, extreme detail that he recently
directed his own surgery, by providing doctors with what is essentially Google Maps for his body.

This revolutionary, (1) interdisciplinary thinking is quickly earning Larry recognition as the
father of personalized medicine.

Dr Larry: ‘How 'bout you come over to my virtual reality cave, and, as patient and doctor, we will
look at my full colon and decide where point A and point B is you're gonna make the cut?

And she says, 'Wow, that's like my 16-year-olds do with video games.'

I said, 'Yeah. We want to take video games into (3) the surgery suite.'

Dr. Larry: When I was a kid, I got the visible human. And that was a plastic doll, except it was
transparent, and all the organs were in there. And you could take it apart like that. It was only in
the last ten or fifteen years that I realized that using computer graphics and the amazing advances
in (4) imaging modalities like MRI and CAT scan, that we could put those two together, and
actually generate a transparent version of basically anybody.”

Larry has been collecting 3D visualizations and (7) time-series data on his body for almost a
decade, and amassing it all into a model of himself that can be experienced in VR. He fondly calls
this fascinating (6) medical avatar “Transparent Larry.”
Dr Larry: I was tracking my colon by using MRI imaging. Whenever I had a colonoscopy, I'd tell
'em, 'okay, well, give me the video.' I'd spend hours watching the video inside me. It turns out mine
comes up, and then it goes, loops way down. Quite contorted compared to what the textbook looked
like. That's different from the next person. And that’s different from the next person. How different?
Well, we can, through the magic of computer graphics, know that.

By sifting through his own health data, Larry was able to work with his doctor to diagnose himself
with colonic Crohn’s, a form of (5) inflammatory bowel disease.

Dr. Larry: The time had come to have a resection of about six to eight inches of the colon.

When it came time for Larry’s operation, he wanted to make sure his surgeon had access to all the
(8) comprehensive information that he did, enhancing both their confidence in the operating
room.

LARRY: One thing that motivates me to do this work: I just know how terrified people are of
things like the unknown of surgery. They don't know because they don't see inside themselves. This
was a highly trained team; A+. So if you could remove all of the unknowns they were gonna run
into because it's you instead of somebody else, then I felt quite calm. And I think that actually
meant my body was able to heal itself much more quickly.

Larry believes the future of medicine will be to transform our (10) 'sick-care' system into a true,
preventative 'health-care' system — by allowing you full access to your body's data to make better-
informed decisions. But just how far away is this world of (9) holistic digital healthcare, where
we take charge of our well-being using transparent Tamagotchi versions of ourselves?

LARRY: The combination of the technology and the kind of responsibility for themselves that
you're seeing the millennials take, that's a good sign. If we can harness those things together, we
may just get that revolution in personalized medicine sooner than we think.